deputy 
name or place of the principal, but has no in- 
terest in the office. A deputy may In general perform 
all the functions of his principal, or those specially deput- 
ed to him, but cannot again depute his powers. Specifi- 
cally (a) A subordinate officer authorized to act in place 
of the principal officer, as, for instance, in his absence. 
If authorized to exercise for the time being the whole 
power of his principal, he is a general deputy, and may 
usually act in his own name with his official addition of 
deputy etc. (i) A subordinate officer authorized to act in 
a particular matter or service, as, for instance, to serve a 
writ, or to aid in keeping the peace on a particular occa- 
sion. In such case he is a special deputy. Chamber of 
Deputies, the (English) title of the second house of the 
national parliament or assembly in France, Italy, Spain, 
Portugal, and Rumania. In Trance it consists of nearly 
600 members, chosen by universal suffrage, each depart- 
ment constituting an electoral district, and sending depu- 
ties in the ratio of one deputy for each 70,000 inhabitants. 
The number of members is 608 in Italy, 173 in Portugal, 
178 in Rumania, and one for each 50,000 inhabitants in 
Spain. The chamber is the popular branch of the legis- 
lative assembly, and is in general the branch in which 
financial measures originate. =8yn. Substitute, represen- 
tative, legate, delegate, envoy, agent, factor, proxy. 
II. a. Serving as a deputy; deputed: as, a 
deputy sheriff. 
dequacet, v. t. See dequass. 
dequantitatet (de-kwon'ti-tat), v. t. [< L. de, 
from, + quantita(t-)s, quantity: see quantity.'] 
To diminish the quantity of. 
Brown has words still more extraordinary, as feriation, 
for keeping holiday, . . . dequantitate, for diminish. 
Beattie, Elem. of Mor. Science, v. 1. 
dequasst, v. t. [ME. "dequassen.dequacen, < OF. 
dequasser, decasser, decoder, desquasser, shat- 
ter, throw down, overthrow, < ML. dequassare, 
lit. shake down, < L. de, down, + quassare, 
shake, shatter, quash: see quash."] To shake 
down. 
deracinate (de-ras'i-nat), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
deracinated, p'pr. deracinating. [< F. deraci- 
ner, OF. desraciner, desracener, uproot, < des- 
priv. + ratine = Pr. racina, a root, < L. as if 
'radicina, < radix (radic-), a root: see radix, 
radical, and cf. eradicate.'] To pluck up by 
the roots; eradicate; extirpate: as, to deraci- 
nate hair. 
The coulter rusts 
That should deracinate such savagery. 
Shak., Hen. V., v. 2. 
Disemboweling mountains and deracinating pines! 
The Century, XXVII. 188. 
derseum (de-re'um), n. [NL., < Gr. fepcuov, a 
collar, < fept, the neck.] In ornitJi., the root of 
the neck. Illiger, 1811. 
deraign 1 1, deraint (de-ran'), v. t. [Also writ- 
ten, esp. in second sense, darraign, darrain, 
the most correct spelling being derain; < ME. 
derainen, deraynen, dereynen, sometimes der- 
reynen, darreynen, < OF. deraisnier, deresnier, de- 
rainier, deraigner, derenier, etc., desrainier, des- 
resner, etc., < ML. derationare, disrationare, jus- 
tify or vindicate, esp. by arms, < de-, dis-, + ratio- 
nare, discourse, contend in law, < L. ratio(n-), 
reason: see reason, ratio. Cf. arraign 1 .'] 1. In 
old Eng. law, to prove; justify; vindicate, as an 
assertion; clear one's self, either by proving 
one's own case or by refuting that of an adver- 
sary: sometimes used of an abstract or chrono- 
logic tracing of a chain of title to real estate. 
There was no buerne with that bold the batell to take, 
The right to derayne with the ranke duke. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 13084. 
Desrener [F.], to dereine; to Justine, or make good, the 
deniall of an act, or fact. Cotgrave. 
When it is deraigned, then shall the plea pass in the 
court Christian, as far forth as it is deraigned in the king's 
court. Mount. 
2. To claim and try to win by battle or com- 
bat ; fight for. 
Philip . . . brodes in haste 
For to lache as lorde, the lond for to haue, 
Or deraine it with dintes & deedes of armes. 
Alisaunder of Macedoine (E. E. T. S.), 1. 124. 
3. To arrange (an army) ; draw up in order of 
battle. [This sense may have arisen from con- 
fusion with arrange.] 
And thus was Solyman victorious and happie, other- 
where victorious and vnhappie, when he was forced to 
darreine battaile against his owne bowels. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 286. 
Darraign your battle, for they are at hand. 
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., ii. 2. 
deraign 2 ! (de-ran'), v. t. [< OF. desraigner, des- 
regner, erroneous form of desrenger, desranger, 
derange, overthrow : see derange.'] To derange ; 
disorder; disarrange. E. Phillips. 
deraignmentH, derainmentt (de-ran'ment), . 
[< OF. deraisnement, derainemeni, desrainement, 
etc., < deraisnier, deraign : see deraign 1 .] In old 
Eng. law, the act of deraigning; proof; justifi- 
cation. 
1650 
deraignment 2 t (de-ran'ment), M. [< deraign? 
+ -ment.] 1. The act of disordering or dis- 
arranging; a turning put of course. 2. A re- 
nunciation, as of religious or monastic vows. 
derail (de-ral'), v. [< L. de, from, + E. mill.] 
1. trans. To cause to leave the rails or run off 
the track, as a railroad-train: as, the engine 
was derailed at the crossing. 
II. intrans. To run off the track or rails. 
The train, near Lake Ivanhoe, derailed on Tuesday. 
Times (London), Sept. 15, 1887, quoted in N. and Q., 
[7th ser., IV. 365. 
derailment (de-ral'ment), n. [< derail + -ment.'] 
The act of derailing, or causing to leave the rails, 
as a railroad-train or -car. 
Preventing them [the cars) from separating in case of 
derailment. Set. Amer., N. S., LIV. 307. 
deraint, derainmentt. See aeraign\ deraign- 
menfl. 
derange (de-ranj'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. deranged, 
ppr. deranging. [< F. deranger, OF. desren- 
gier, desrangier, desranger = Pr. desrengar, des- 
rencar, desrancar, put out of order, < des- priv. 
+ rengier, renger, ranger, put in order, range : 
see range."] 1. To disturb the regular order 
of; throw into confusion; disconcert; disar- 
range : as, to derange plans or affairs. 
The republic of regicide . . . has actually conquered 
the finest parts of Europe; has distressed, disunited, de- 
ranged, broke to pieces all the rest 
Burke, A Regicide Peace. 
Time and tide are strangely changed, 
Men and manners much deranged. 
Emerson, The Initial Love. 
Self-regulating as is a currency when let alone, laws 
cannot improve its arrangements, although they may, and 
continually do, derange them. 
//. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 434. 
2. To disturb the state, action, or functions of; 
put out of proper order or condition; disorder; 
unsettle : as, to derange a machine ; his health 
is much deranged; to derange one's mind or 
reason. 
A casual blow, or a sudden fall, deranges some of our 
internal parts, and the rest of life is distress and misery. 
Blair, Sermons, IV. xviii. 
All old philosophers knew that the fabric of the State 
rested ultimately upon a way of thinking, a habit of opin- 
ion, a "discipline,' which was a thing so delicate and 
easily deranged that in the opinion of some of them new 
tunes coming into vogue might be enough to cause a revo- 
lution. J. R. Seeley, Nat. Religion, p. 198. 
3. To disorder the mind of; unsettle the rea- 
son of, as a person. =Syn. 1. To disarrange, displace, 
unsettle, confuse, embarrass, discompose, disconcert. 
derangeable (de-ran'ja-bl), a. [< derange + 
-able. J Susceptible of being deranged ; liable 
to derangement : as, derangeable health. Syd- 
ney Smith. 
deranged (de-ranjd' ), p. a. Unsettled in mind ; 
insane. 
It is the story of a poor deranged parish lad. 
Lamb, To Wordsworth. 
derangement (de-ranj'ment), . [< F. Aerange- 
ment, < deranger, derange : see derange and 
-ment."] 1. The act of deranging, or the state of 
being deranged; a putting out of order; dis- 
turbance of regularity or regular course ; dis- 
order. 
From the complexity of its mechanism . . . liable to 
derangement. Paley, Nat. Theol., x. 
2. Disorder of the intellect or reason ; insanity. 
In all forms of mental derangement there are two un- 
derlying pathological conditions: the one dynamical, being 
a functional dissociation or severance of the nerve cen- 
tres that have been organized to act together physiologi- 
cally, whence naturally for the time being an incoherence 
of function and a discontinuity of individual being ; the 
other statical, consisting in a structural change in the 
nerve cells or in their uniting fibre, whence a permanent 
disintegration of the substance of ideas. 
Maudsley, Body and Will, p. 264. 
= Syn. 1. Irregularity, confusion. 2. Lunacy, madness, 
etc. See insanity. 
derayt (de-ra'), v. [< ME. derayen, deraien, 
drayen, < OF. desreer, desreier, desroeier, des- 
rayer, derroier, derange, disorder, confuse, trou- 
ble, refl. go wild, quarrel, < des- priv. + rei, roi. 
rai, order: see array, v., and cf. disarray, .] 
I. trans. To derange; disorder; reflexively, to 
go wild; rage. 
He deraied him as a deuel & dede him oxit a-geine. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2061. 
Thus despitusly the duk drayed him. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1210. 
II. intrans. To rage. 
Nectanabus anon right with his nices werkes, 
Too begile the gome graithes hym soone, 
Deraide as a dragoun dreedfull in fight. 
Alieaunder of Macedoine (E. E. T. S.), 1. 883. 
dere 
deray (de-ra'), n. [< ME. deray, derai, and 
contr. dray ; also disray, < OF. *desrei, desroy, 
derei (= Pr. desrey), < desreer, desreier, desroier, 
derange, disorder: see deray, v., and cf. array, 
disarray, .] Tumult ; disorder. 
Was neuir in Scotland hard nor sene 
Sic dansing nor deray. Chr. Kirk, st. 1. 
So have we found weddings celebrated with an outburst 
of triumph and deray at which the elderly shook their 
heads. Carlyle. 
Derbe (der'be), n. [NL. (Fabricius, 1803), < (?) 
Gr. Afp/3i?, a city in Lycaouia.] The typical 
genus of the family Derbidce. 
derbend (der'bend), . [Turk. , = Ar. darbend, < 
Pers. darband, a narrow mountain pass, < dar, 
a door, gate, + band, confinement, band.] A 
wayside guard-house in Turkey, especially on 
mountain roads. 
Derbian (der'bi-au), . Relating or dedicated 
to an earl of Derby. Also Derby. Derbian fly- 
catcher, I'itangus derbianus, a large stout bird of the 
family Tyraimidw, inhabiting Mexico and Texas. See 
Pitangus. Derbian pheasant, Oreophanit derbianus, a 
Central American bird of the family Cracidir, the only 
representative of the subfamily Oreophasinw (which see). 
Derbida (der'bi-da), n. pi. [NL., < Derbe + 
-ida.'] The Derbidce rated as a subfamily of 
Fnlgaridos. The regular form would be Derbi- 
nce. 
Derbidffi (der'bi-de), n. pi. [NL., < Derbe + 
-<fcp.] A family of homopterous hemipterous 
insects, typified by the genus Derbe. 
derboun (der'biin), . A variety of black wolf 
of Arabia and Syria. 
Derby (der'bi or dar'bi), . and a. [The race is 
named after the twelfth Earl of Derby. The 
earldom takes its name from the county and 
town of Derby, < ME. Dereby, Derebi, < AS. Deor- 
by, Dedra by, a name of Scand. origin (the AS. 
name having been Northwortltig), lit. appar. 
habitation of deer (wild beasts), < AS. dedra, 
fsn. pi. of dedr = Dan. dyr, a deer, wild beast, + 
S. (ONorth.) by, bu, a habitation (see deer and 
by 2 ) ; but the first element is perhaps of oth- 
er origin.] I. .; pi. Derbies (-biz). 1. The 
most important annual horse-race of England, 
founded in 1780 by the twelfth Earl of Derby, 
and run at Epsom, Surrey, on the Wednesday 
before Whitsuntide. 2. [I. c.~\ A masons' two- 
handled float. 
A derby or darby, which is a long two-handled float for 
forming the floated coat of lime or hair. 
jc. Brit., IV. 604. 
3. [I. c.] A stiff felt hat with rounded crown 
and more or less narrow brim, worn by men, 
and sometimes also by women, for walking or 
riding. It came in as a fashionable novelty in the year 
1874, and is now (1888) commonly worn in England and 
America. Derby day, the day on which the Derby sweep- 
stakes is run. Derby dog, something that "turns up" 
without fail, as the proverbial dog on the race-course on 
Derby day, after the track is otherwise cleared for the 
races. [Local, Eng.] 
An eccentric, Quaker-sort of person who acts as a kind 
of annual Derby-dog to the German diet, and may be met 
with every year at the meetings of the Society for Pro- 
moting International Arbitration. 
Lowe, Bismarck, II. 404. 
II. a. Same as Derbian. 
Derbyshire drop. Same as llue-john. 
Derbyshire neck, spar. See the nouns. 
Dercetidae (der-set'i-de), n.pl. [NL.,< Zte 
+ -idee.] A family of extinct fishes, typified by 
the genus Dercetis : a synonym of Hoplopleuri- 
d(e (which see). 
Dercetis (der'se-tis), n. [NL., < L. Dercetis, 
Dercete, < Gr. AepwYif, Atpxtrii, a Syrian god- 
dess, also called Atargatis.'] A genus of fossil 
ganoid fishes from the Chalk formation of Eng- 
land, having an elongated eel-like body, and 
commonly called petrified eel?. 
Dercetum (der'se-tum), n. [NL. ; cf. Dercetis.'} 
A genus of myriapods: same as Heterostoma. 
derdoingt, a. See daredoing. 
dere 1 !, v. t. [ME. deren, derien, < AS. derian, 
hurt, injure, = OS. derian = OFries. dera = D. 
deren = OHG. terian, terraii, hurt. Cf. <?re 2 .] 
To hurt ; injure ; wound. 
No thyng here sail the be derand. 
In this blis sail be shour beeldyng. 
York Plays, p. 2. 
And the duke with a dynt dtrit hym agayn, 
That the viser & the ventaile voidet hym fro. 
Destruction of Trmj (E. E. T. S.), 1. 7030. 
And ye shul bothe anon unto me swere, 
That neveremo ye shul my corowne dere. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 964. 
dere 1 !, [ME., < AS. daru (= OHG. tara), in- 
jury : see rfrre 1 , /.] Hurt; harm. 
