difference 
War u at (liis very u nt doing more to mrlt away thr 
!, M \ 1.1 1 -/; n iti-ti'>n* u Ilirll kei p -, m rolls Solllrt apart 
pilll each other than tin- pleaching of the lleloved lljsci- 
ph- himself would do. II. II. //. ./..... Old Vol. of Life, p.*. 
Tii.- extent of country ami ilir* r*itii of Interests, charac- 
ter, illl'l attainments of voters rcprt Ss the pretentious ami 
undeserving. N. A., lire., XL. 312. 
If tli.' principle of reunion has not its energy in this life 
Wbaaem the attractions of self cease, the acquired prin- 
ciples of dissimilarity must repel these being* from their 
centre. Cheynr. 
Tin' ditjmrity between our powers and our performance 
is life's tragedy. Aleott, Table-Talk, p. 44. 
From these different relations of different things, there 
necessarily arises an agreement itr di-i<i?rr<< ui'-nl of some 
things toothers. Clarke, Attributes, xiv. 
Kveu among the zealous patrons of a council of state, 
the most irreconcilable variance Is discovered concerning 
thiJ mode in which it ought to be constituted. 
Maditon, The Federalist, No. xxxviii. 
It Is rather a question whether . . . they have not 
sinned themselves beyond all the apprehensions and dis- 
crimination* of what is good and what is evil. 
Sharp, Sermons, III. xvl. 
4. Dissension, contest, falling out, strife, wrangle, alter- 
cation. 
difference (dif 'e-rens), r. t. ; pret. and pp. dif- 
ferenced, ppr. t'liffin </</. [< difference, n. Cf. 
differentiate, .] 1. To cause a difference or 
distinction in or between; make different or 
distinct. 
One as the King's, the other as the Queen's, di/erenced 
by their garlands only. 
B. Jonson, Love's Welcome at Bolsover. 
He that would be di/erenced from common things would 
be infinitely divided from things that are wicked. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 634. 
In the Samson Agouistes, colloquial language Is left at 
the greatest distance, yet something of it is preserved, to 
render the dialogue probable ; in Massinger the style Is 
di/t'n'ncrd, but differenced in the smallest degree possible, 
from animated conversation by the vein of poetry. 
Coleridge, Table-Talk. 
2. To distinguish; discriminate; note the dif- 
ference of or between. 
And this was a non feasans, ami in that he differenced 
it from the case of estovers, being an actual Tort to stub 
the wood up. Sir J'eyton Venlrit (1695). 
3. In lier., to bear with a difference ; add a dif- 
ference to. 
Very frequently, even in the earliest times, the eldest 
son differenced his father's coat by a label. 
Encyc. Erit., XI. 887. 
4. In math., to take the difference of (a func- 
tion); also, to compute the successive differ- 
ences of the numbers in a table. 
difference-engine (dif 'e-rens-en'jin), n. A 
machine for 'the automatic calculation of math- 
ematical tables, from the initial values of the 
function and of its successive differences. See 
fa Ifii In ting-machine. 
difference-equation (dif 'e-rens-e-kwa'zhon), n. 
In math., an equation of finite' differences or 
enlargements; an expressed relation between 
functions and their differences. See equation. 
differencing (dif 'e-ren-sing), . In her., the dis- 
tinction between" shields made by one or more 
differences. See difference, n., 8. 
different (dif'e-rent), a. [< F. different = Sp. 
diferente = Pg. ft. differente, < L. differeH(t-)s, 
ppr. of differre, differ: see differ, .] Not the 
same: two; many; plural; also, characterized 
by a difference or distinction ; various or con- 
trary in nature, f orm, or quality ; unlike ; dis- 
similar. 
I have been always so charitable as to think that the 
Religion of Rome and the Court of Rome were different 
Things. Howell, Letters, ii. 5. 
All the elders met at Ipswich : they took Into consider- 
ation the book which was committed to them by tlw gen- 
eral court, and were much different in their judgments 
about it. II inihrop, Hist. New England, II. 108. 
Things terrestrial wear a difrent hue, 
As youth or age persuades ; and neither true. 
Cowper, Hope. 
[When In the predicate, different is either used absolutely : 
as, the two things are very different ; or followed by/rom: 
as, the two things are very different from each other ; he 
is very different from his brother. But the relation of 
opposition is often lost in that of mere comparison, lead- 
ing to the use of to instead at from. This use Is regarded 
as colloquial or incorrect, and is generally avoided by care- 
ful writers. 
Different to is, essentially, an English colloquialism ; and, 
like many colloquialisms, it evinces how much stronger 
the instinct of euphony is than the instinct of scientific 
analogy. F. Hall, Mod. Eng., p. 83. 
An amazement which was very different to that look of 
sentimental wonder. Thackeray, Vanity Fair, p. l.v_M 
-SyTL Dipt'i-rnt. Distinct, Sejxirate, Several. These wi.nls 
agree in being the opposite of \,j ,/-. />///,<;-./ applies to 
nature or quality as well as to state of being: as. the \fri 
can and Asiatic climates are very different. The other 
three words are primarily physical, am] are still altVrt.-.l 
by thill f;u-t : \vv >p';ik o!' .//vfi ,,,'/ or X i><i'-il'< iilea*. colors. 
sounds, ete. Hern-ill is used chictly "f those things which 
1609 
arc in tome MOM together without merging their Identity : 
.!( iftrral lands. 
The heat at eighty degrees of Fahrenheit is one thing, 
and the heat at eighty degrees of Reaumur is a very difer- 
ent matter. ". H'. llolmvn, Kmeraon, xiv. 
Is not every case of apparently continuous itereepti.m 
really a case of successive distinct images very close to- 
gether; (*'. A'. Clifford, Lectures, I. 115. 
One poem, which is composed upon a law of its own, 
and lias a characteristic or neparate beauty of Its own, 
cannot be inferior to any other poem whatsoever. 
Be yuincey, Style, III 
You shall have very useful and cheering discourse at 
neaeral times with two neeeral men, but let all three of you 
come together, and you shall not have one new and heaity 
word. Kinenan, Essays, 1st ser., p. 189. 
differentia (dif-e-ren'shi-S), n. ; pi. differentia! 
(-e). [L., difference : see \' difference, n.] 1. In 
logic, the characteristic attribute of a species, 
or that by which it is distinguished from other 
species of the same genus; specific difference 
(which see, under difference). 
Whatever term can lie affirmed of several things must 
express either their whole essence, which U called the 
species, or a part of their essence (viz., either the mate- 
rial part, which is called the genus, or the formal and 
distinguishing part, which is called differentia, or, in com- 
mon discourse, characteristic), or something joined to the 
essence. Whately, Logic, I. 4. 
2. In Gregorian m usic, a cadence or trope. Also 
called distinctio. 
differentiable (dif-e-reu'shi-a-bl), a. [< NL. 
as if "differentialnlis, < 'diffe'rentiare: see dif- 
ferentiate, .] Capable of being differentiated 
or discriminated. 
In these exchanges of structure and function between 
the outer and quasi-outer tissues, we get undeniable proof 
that they are easily differentiable. 
11. Spencer, Prin. of Biol., $ 29<i. 
differentiae, n. Plural of differentia. 
differential (dif-e-ren'shal), a. and n. [= F. 
diffe'rentiel = Sp" differencial = Pg. differencial 
= It. differenziale, <NL. differentials (Leibnitz, 
1676), < L. differentia, difference: see difference, 
n.] I. a. 1. Making or exhibiting a difference 
or distinction ; discriminating; distinguishing; 
special. 
For whom he procured differential favors. Motley. 
2. Having or exhibiting a difference. 3. In 
math., pertaining to a differential or differen- 
tials, or to mathematical processes in which 
they are employed Differential block, calculus, 
capacity. See the nouns. Differential characters, 
in zool., the distinctive or diagnostic characters by which 
one organism is distinguished from another with which 
it is compared or contrasted : a statement of such char- 
acters constitutes a differential dingnusii. Differential 
coefficient. See coefficient.- Differential coupling. 
See cowj^i 11.7. Differential derivative. Same as dif- 
ferential coefficient. Differential diagnosis. See dia;i- 
nogis. Differential duty. Same as discriminating duty. 
Differential equation, feed, etc. See the nouns 
Differential gear. In lurch., a combination of toothed 
wheels by which a differential motion is produced, as 
exemplified when two wheels fixed on the same axis are 
made to communicate motion to two other wheels on sepa- 
rate axes, the velocities of the latter axes ditfering propor- 
tionately to the difference of the diameters of the respec- 
tive wheels acting upon them, or to the numbers of their 
teeth. This combination is extensively employed in lathes 
and boring-machines. Differential Invariant, a dif- 
ferential expression which is only multiplied by a power 
of dyldx by a linear transformation of the variables. 
Differential motion, a mechanical contrivance in which 
two pieces are connected at once in two ways, so that any 
velocity imparted to the one communicates to the other 
the difference of two velocities, as the Chinese windlass and 
the differential screw. Differential Piston, a single pis- 
ton exposed on its opposite sides to different pressures, or 
a combination of pistons of different diameters connected 
so as to act as one, each under the same or a different 
pressure per unit of area. The total effective pressure is 
that due, in the case of the single piston, to the difference 
between the total pressures on the opposite sides, and, in 
the case of connected pistons of diff erent diameters, to the 
difference of pressure upon a unit of area of each piston 
multiplied by the area of the piston. Differential pul- 
ley. See pulley. Differential pump, steam-pump 
whose point of cut-off is controlled by the combined mo- 
tions of the pump-rod, or its connections, and some inde- 
pendent moving part, so that the steam supply is deter- 
mined by and apportioned to the load upon the pump. 
Differential quotient. Same aa differential coefficient. 
Differential resolvent, a differential equation the com- 
plete integral of which contains all the roots of a given 
algebraic equation. Differential scale. See tcale. 
Differential screw. See screw. Differential ther- 
mometer. See thsrinnnifter. Differential tone. See 
Differential winding, a method of winding coils 
for galvanometers, instruments for duplex telegraphy, and 
other electrical devices. It consists in winding two in- 
sulaU'd wires side by side, so that each makes the same 
number of turns. Equal currents passing through these 
colls in opposite directions produce no magnetic field in 
the center of the coil. 
H. n. 1. In math.: (a) An infinitesimal dif- 
ference between two values of a variable quan- 
tity. In the differential and integral calculus, if two or 
more quantities are dependent on one .mi it her. and subject 
to variation* ol value, their corresponding ifitfcn ntials are 
any other tjnantiti< s h"-c lali >s to on .-mi it her are the 
limits to which the ratios of the variations approximate, 
differentiation 
as these variations are reduced nearer ami nearer to zero; 
but tile illt!' I' lit! il- .ue rommonU iln.l. I -!<>! to tie In* 
fliiltesimal. (I,)) A logarithmic tangent. 2. In 
liiol., a morphological difference; a distinction 
or distinctive characteristic of form or struc- 
ture: correlated with equivalent. [Bare.] 
Characteristics arc divisible into two categories : tho~- 
which l>ecoinc morphological equivalent* and are essen- 
tially similar in diniim t .series, anil those which are es- 
sentially different in distinct series and may be classed u 
morphol' .gieal tlifferentialt. 
.1. lli/,in, i-roc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. 8cL, XXXII. S68. 
Partial differential, an infinitesimal Increment of a 
function of (\\n MI nine- variables. eoiTes|>omljng to an 
infinitesimal increment of one of these variables. Total 
differential, a sum of all the partial different i ii 
function, so that more than one independent differential 
appear in its expression. 
differentially (dif-e-ren'shal-i), adv. In a dif- 
ferential manner; fey differentiation. 
I will . . . state next what sorts of rights, forces, and 
Ideas I consider, mark differentially the three periods at 
which I have been looking. 
Stuola, Medieval and Modem Hist, p. 210. 
differentiant (dif-e-ren'shi-aut), . [< NL. 
* differentiations, ppr. of 'differentiare : see dif- 
ferentiate, v.] In math., a rational integral 
function of the coefficients of a binary quantic, 
of equal weight in all its terms in respect to 
either variable, subject to satisfy the condition 
(al + 26^ + a-l + etc.)X> = 0, 
d6 do da 
where a, b, t, etc., multiplied by binomial co- 
efficients, give the coefficients of the quantic, 
and where 1) is the differential^ Monomial dif- 
ferentiant, a <l i llerent nn 1 1 which (with the usual eonveli 
t n in as to a = 1) may be expressed as a permutation-sum 
of a single product of differences of roots of the parent 
uuantic, or quantfc system. ./. J . Sylvester. 
differentiate (dif-e-ren'shi-at), r. ; pret. and 
pp. differentiated, ppr. differentiating. [< NL. 
'differentiatus, pp. of 'differentiare (> It. diffe- 
remiare = Sp. diferenciar = Pg. differenciar = 
F. differencier. differentier), < L. differentia, dif- 
ference: see difference, .] I. trans. 1. Tomako 
different ; distinguish by differences ; consti- 
tute a difference between : as, color of skin dif- 
ferentiates the races of men. 
Believing that sexual selection has played an important 
part in diff'erentiatinif the races of man, he has found it 
necessary to treat this subject in great detail. 
A. R. Wallnc.: 
Specifically 2. In liiol,, to accomplish or de- 
velop differentiation in ; make unlike by modi- 
fication ; specialize in structure or function. 
'1 he conversion of ... protoplasm into various forms 
of organized tissues, which become more and more differ- 
entiated as development advances, is obviously referable 
to the vital activity of the germ. 
V. K. Carpenter, in Grove's Corr. of Forces, p. 4U. 
3. In logic, to discriminate between, by observ- 
ing or describing the differences. 4. In math., 
to obtain the differential or the differential co- 
efficient of: as, to differentiate an equation. 
H. intrans. To acquire a distinct and separate 
character. Huxley. 
differentiate (dif-e-ren'shi-at), n. [< NL. *dif- 
fercntiatum, neut.'of *differenliatus: see differ- 
entiate, r.] A differential coefficient. 
differentiation (dif-e-ren-shi-a'shon), M. [< 
ililfcrnitiatc,v.: see -ation.~\ 1. The formation 
of differences or the discrimination of varieties. 
There can be no differentiation into classes in the ab- 
sence of numliers. H. Spencer, l*rin. of Sociol., J 9. 
The Faculties arose by process of natural differentiation 
out of the primitive university. Huxley. 
Specifically 2. Any change by which some- 
thing homogeneous is made heterogeneous, or 
like things are made unlike ; especially, in liinl.. 
the evolutionary process or result by which 
originally indifferent parts or organs become 
differentiated or specialized in either form or 
function ; structural or functional modification : 
specialization. Thus, the primitively similar appen- 
dageeof a lobster undergo di/erentiationin being special- 
ized, some into mouth parts some into prehensile claws, 
others into walking- or swimming-organs, etc. 
In the contents of a single anther-cell we see a surpris- 
ing degreeof differentiation In the pollen : namely, grains 
cohering by fours, then being either tied together by 
threads or cemented together into solid masses, with the 
exterior grains different from the interior ones. 
Dartrin, Fertil. of Orchids by Insects, p. SS. 
Differential inn implies that the simple becomes com- 
plex or the complex more complex ; it Implies also that 
this increased complexity is due to the persistence of 
former changes ; we may even say such persistence Is es- 
sential to the very Idea of development or growth. 
Kncye. Brit., XX. 45. 
3. In Itiflii: discrimination ; the act of distin- 
piishiiiK things according to their respective 
differences. 
