Diploptera 
1633 
Diploptera (di-plop'te-rji), n. pi. [NL.. nout. Dipl08tomidea(diplo-8to-mid'e-a),n.7>;. [NL. 
_r ! *..!..,.* . '"/.-.. i-..,*~....,. i T i., ~ - 
i., u 
pf. of <ltiil<i/itt'r~u>i:~ Bl >e "diploplrmtiH.] In La- 
treillis'M classification, the third family of acu- 
leate hymenopterous insects, having the fore 
wintfs longitudinally folded when at rest. It 
contains thf true wasps, anil corresponds to the modern 
family Vefiiidas (which see). See also u'tup. Also Diittoji- 
terwa. 
Diplopteri (di-plop'te-ri), n. pi. [NL., pi. of 
l)il>t<>l>lirus, q. v.] lii Bleeker's ichthyplogical 
system (1859), an order of fishes restricted to 
Gr. (lOT/loof, double, 4- ar6/ia, opening, 
A group of dipneumonous or pneumonophorous 
holothuriaus, represented by the gen us flhopalo- 
dina( which see): same as Decacrenidia. Sem- 
per. 
Diplostomidea, . . . established by Semper to contain 
the singular Khopalodina lagenifonnis, is characterized 
by a nearly spherical body with the mouth and anus 
close together, and ten ambulacra. Semper regards it as 
the type of a flfth class of echinoderms. 
Stand. Nat. Hist., I. 183. 
the family Diplopteroidei. 
Diplopteridae (dip-lop-ter'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < diplostomidean (dip'lo-sto-mid'e-an), a. 
Stptoptenu + -idai.] A family of fossil cros- 
sopterygian fishes, typified by the genus tUplop- 
lli/ilostomidea + -an.] 
Iii/i/ontomidea. 
' Of or pertaining to the 
the best-known genera are Diplapttru* and Onteoltpit. 
Diplopteroidei (di-plop-te-roi'de-i), n. pi. diplotegia (aip-lo-te'ji-ft), n. ; pl.diploteffia:(-e). 
[$L.,<Dii>lopterus + -oidei'.] An extinct fam- [NL., < Gr. im'ffos, doublej + Ttyof, roof.] In 
ily of fishes, typified by the genus Diplopterus, Dot., a dry fruit invested with an adnate calyx, 
and including also Dipterus, Osteolepis, Trip- usually dehiscent ; an inferior capsule. 
terns, Glyptopomus, and Staganolepis. Also Diplozoon (dip-lo-zo'on), . [NL., < Gr. dr/.ooc, 
called Jtipteroidei. 
[< NL. di- 
double, + fov, an animal.] A genus of mono- 
geneous trematode worms infesting the gills 
of fishes. D. paradoxum is an example. The animal Is 
double two Individuals being fused together to form an X- 
diplopteroua (di-plop'te-rus), o. |_ 
jnoptcrus, < Gr. omMoi;, double, + KTcp6v, a 
wing.] In entom., having the fore wings folded, 
as a wasp ; specifically, of or pertaining to the 
Diploptera. 
Diplopterus (di-plop'te-rus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
iiTT/Aof, double, T irrepov, a wing, a fin.] 1. In 
ichth., a genus of fossil fishes of the Old Red 
Sandstone, typical of the family Diplopterida:: 
so called from the two dorsal fins. Agassis, 1835. 
2. In ornitli., a genus of American ground- 
cuckoos, of the subfamily Saurotherinte, some- 
times giving name to a subfamily Diplopterince, 
D. iKKtnua is an example. D. phanianelluit represents a 
different section of the same genus. Boie, 1826. 
Diplopteryga (dip-lop-ter'i-gfi,), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. uwrXooc, double, + *r$*i (irrepvy-), wing, Dipneumona (dip-nu mo-n&),n.pl 
fin.] Same as Diploptera. 
Which Klrby, because the termination -ptera denotes 
the names of orders of insects, changed Into Diplopteryga. 
E. P. Wright, Animal Life, p. 505. 
diplopy (dip'lo-pi), . Same as diplopia. 
Jiplosoma (dip-lo-so'ma). n. [NL., < Gr. 01- 
TrAdof, double, 4- aupa, body.] A genus of tuni- 
cates, typical of the family Diplosomidae. 
Diplosomidas (dip-lo-so'mi-de ), n. pi. [NL., < 
Diplosoma + -ida;.] A family of composite tu- 
nicates, typified by the genus Diplosoma. The 
colony forms a thin incrusting layer ; the zobids have two 
young are known as diporpce ; they have a ventral sucker 
and a dorsal papilla, by which the junction of two Indi- 
viduals Is effected, the sucker of one receiving the dorsal 
papilla of the other. The sexually matured double ani- 
mals lay eggs at fixed periods, usually In the spring. The 
eggs are furnished with very long coiled threads. The 
embryos when hatched enter upon the dlporpa-stage, there 
having two eye-spots and lateral and posterior cilia. See 
diporpa. Also written Diplozoum. 
lip-net (dip'net), n. A net with a long handle 
or pole, usually a circular rim made of metal, 
and a conical bag, used to catch fish by dipping 
it into the water; a scoop-net. 
Mpneumona (dip-nu'mo-nft), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of dipneumonus : see dipneumonous.] 1. A 
division of Dipnoi, or lung-fishes, containing 
the mudfishes of the genera Lepidosiren and 
Protopterus, as distinguished from Monopneu- 
mona (Ceratodus). 
distinct regions (thorax and abdomen); and the branchial T)iDneumone8B (dip-nu-md'ne-<e), lC.pl. 
ra.io^rt^^cYes'rrekrwr,' 8 "' 5 " 1818 - A "" """ ** Dipnies / -,.] Same as Di 
diplopy (dip'16-pi), n. Same as diplopia. mona (veratoaus). They .have the lungs paired, a 
TvTi>n: /rlir, is oA',r,B\ I"NTT <f fir K, conns arteriosus resembling that of the batrachlans, and 
Diplosoma (dip-lo-so ma), n. [NL., < Gr. Si- 8 , ender pair( , d flns wlth a | ointed cart j lagino , 18 axis hav . 
ing rays only on one side. See cuts under Lepidotiren and 
Protopterug. 
2. A division of holothurians, of the order 
Pneumonophora, having two ramose branchite : 
opposed to Apneumona. It contains the bran- 
chiate holothurians, excepting Rhopalodina. 
[NL., 
ipneumo- 
diplosphenal (dip-16-sfe'nal), a. [< diplosphene -S?^> 
+ -,<;.! Sameas/wo^i/a/. [Rare.] Dipneumones (dip-nu'mo-nez) n. pi -, [NL< 
Gr. ot-, two-, + miev/tuv, usually pi., Trvevpovef, the 
lungs.] 1. In Haeckel's classification, a division 
of the Dipneusta, or Dipnoi, containing those 
dipnoans which are double-lunged, namely, 
Protopterus and Lepidosiren : distinguished 
from Monopncumones. 2. In en torn., a division 
of Araneida or true spiders, having but two 
pinnerets, and scattered ocelli: 
t from Tetrapneumones. Most spi- 
ders belong to this division. Also Dipncumonete. 
-nu'mo-nus), a. [< NL. 
Si-, two^, + miei'fUM, lung.] 
In zoril. : (a) Having two lungs, as a spider ; 
y, pertaining to or having the charac- 
ters of the Dipneumones. (b) Having two lungs, 
These vertebra; show the diplosphenal articulation seen 
in Megalosaurus. 
O. C. Marth, Anier. Jour. Scl., No. 160, p. 334. 
diplosphene (dip'16-sf en), . [< Gr. ov^-oof, dou- 
ble, + otyiiv, a wedge.] Same as hyposphene. 
Marsh. [Rare.] 
diplospondylic (dip'lo-spon-dil'ik), a. [< Gr. 
6tTr?.6o, double, 4- o'Trovo'vAof, o*^ovdt)Aof, a verte- 
bra (here in sense of 'centrum' or 'body of a 
vertebra'), + -'<--.] In zool., having two centra, ^ft^S^B 1 
as a vertebral segment; havmg twice as many ,^",,^" MM , < 
centra as arches, as a vertebral column, in con- 
sequence of the presence of an intercentrum be- 
tween any two consecutive centra; embolom- 
ep , 
erous: applied to the vertebra of fishes and asal fisb ^. specifically, having the charar- 
a 1 " 11 " 9 '" n 1 trnate Cen - 
ters of a Dipneumona. (c) Havng a pair of 
trum bears a neural or a hemal arch. 
quence of the development of intercentra be- dip d eu ^ tal (dip-nus'tal), a 
tween centra proper, there appear to be twice "^" , ,!,,, 
[< Dipneusta + -a*.] 
as many bodies as arches of vertebrae, or in 
which every alternate vertebral body supports 
no arches ; embolomerism. 
diplostemonous (dip-16-ste'mo-nus), a. [< Gr. 
&;r/oof, double, + arvftuv, the warp, a thread 
(mod. a stamen), + -ous.] In hot., having twice 
as many stamens as petals. 
We say [the flower Is] dijilostemtnous if the stamens 
(dip-nus'ti), n. pi. 
^ me as D ' ipno ^ 
(dip 'no -a), n. pi. [NL.] 
v 
[NL.; ef. Dv- 
Same as 
(dip'no-an), a. and n. [< Dipnoi + 
-an.] I. a. Pertaining to or having the char- 
acters of the Dipnoi. Also dipneustal. 
.-, . , . ... II. M. One of the Dipnoi ; a lung-fish, 
are double the number of the sepals and petals], as in -r\j__..j /.lin'Tin il m nf fVT. nl of rfin>ion 
Btouecrop. K. Benlle;,, Botany, p. 248. ipn01 (Hip no-1), It. pi. \_XLj., Tpl.i 
doubly breathing: see atpnoous.] A subclass of 
fishes, by some considered to be a peculiar class 
of vertebrates intermediate between fishes and 
batrac'hians, and by others an order of fishes (by 
some ranked as a suborder of ganoid fishes), 
containing the lung-fishes of the genera Lepi- 
diplostemony (dip-lo-ste'mo-ni), n. [As di- 
l>l<>*tcinon-ous + -y] In bot., the condition of 
a flower in which there are twice as many sta- 
mens as petals or sepals. Of the two whorls of sta- 
mens, the inner may be antipetalous and the outer antisep- 
alous, or the reverse. The flrst case is normal or direct 
diplostemony ; the latter is called obdiplostcinony. 
103 
dosiren and Protopterus (Dipneumona) and Ce- 
Dipodomys 
ratodus ( Afonopnntmona), and many extinct rrl- 
atives. They have both branchial and pulmonary res- 
piration, whence the name ; no distinct su>pensorlum Is 
developed, but tin- lower jaw articulates uirectly with 
descending processes of the cranium ; there is a median 
pelvic eU-ment ; and the limbs are multiarticulate. The 
skeleton is partially osseous, with persistent notation); 
the heart has two auricles and one ventricle ; there li 
a muscular conus arteriosus and spiral Intestinal valve . 
the gills are free, with a narrow opening and rudimen- 
tary gill-cover; and the air-bladder is nearly or quite 
double, and developed into functional lungs pcnnaiK-ntly 
communicating with the esophagus. The liody Is covered 
with cycloid scales. The living Dipnoi are divisible Into 
two groups, Dipneumma, with paired lungs, and Mono- 
pneutuuna with a single lung of two symmetrical halves. 
Some old extinct relations are referred to another order (or 
suborder) called Clenodipterini, by others endowed with 
the rank of a family only. See barramunda, Ceratodida, 
Ctfiwdiptfrini, Dlpteridae, Lepidorirenida, mvdfiih, and 
Sirenoidea. Also called Diplopnoi, Dipneuita, Dipnrutti, 
Dipnoa. 
It Is a remarkable circumstance, that while the Dipnoi 
present In so many respects a transition between the 
piscine and the amphibian types of structure, the spinal 
column and the limbs should be not only piscine, but 
more nearly related to those of the most ancient Crossop- 
teryirian Ganoids than to those of any other fishes. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 148. 
dipnoid (dip'noid), a. and n. I. a. Pertaining 
to or having the characters of the Dipnoi. 
Among the ganoids there Is a divergence from the dip- 
noid organization. Day (1880). 
II. n. A fish of the subclass Dipnoi ; a lung- 
fish. 
Among the Dipnoidt we see an air-bladder having * 
lung-like function. Day (1880). 
dipnoous (dip'no-us), a. [< NL. dipnous (see 
Dipnoi), < Gr. <?<-, doubly, + -nroof, breathing, 
< irvciv, breathe.] 1. Having both gills and 
lungs, as the Dipnoi; specifically, pertaining to 
the Dipnoi. 
Dipnootu and Osteoglossold types. 
Encyc. Brit., XII. 673. 
2. Having two openings, as a wound. 
Dipodat (dip'o-dS), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. rfiVour 
(fmoi-), two-footed, biped : see dipode, Dipus.] 
A division of the animal kingdom made for 
man alone. 
Dipodae (dip'o-de), n. pi. [NL.] A contracted 
form of Dipodida. 
dipode (di'pod), a. and n. [< Gr. (JiVotif (iiiroi-) 
(= L. bipes : see biped), two-footed, < di-, two-, + 
iroi'f (TTOO-) = L. pes (ped-) = E. foot. ] I. a. Hav- 
ingonly two feet ; walking on two feet ; biped. 
EC. n. A lizard of the genus Bipes, having 
the fore limbs rudimentary, and therefore ap- 
pearing as if biped. 
dipodic (di-pod'ik), a. [< dipody + -ic.] In 
pros. : (a) Constituting a dipody : as, a dipodic 
measure; a dipodic colon. (6) Determined or 
computed by dipodies : as, dipodic division or 
measurement. 
Dipodidae (d!-pod'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Dipus 
(Dipod-) + -idte.] A family of saltatorial myo- 
morphic rodents ; the jerboas. They have a grace- 
ful form ; the fore limbs and anterior portions of the 
body small In comparison with the great hind quarters ; 
long hind limbs with from three to five digits, fitted for 
leaping; a long tail, usually hairy or tufted ; a skull with 
the brain-case short and broad ; the Infraorbital foramen 
very large, rounded ; the zygomata slender, decurved ; and 
the mastold portion of the auditory bulla highly devel- 
oped. The family as here defined Includes three well- 
marked types, Dipodintr, Pedetiiice, and Zapodiiitr ; the 
last two are often made types of distinct families, in 
which case the characters of Dipodidtr are the same as 
those of Dipodituc. Also called Dipodina, Dipudat, Di- 
pina. See flrst cut under deer-mouse. 
Dipodina (dip-6-di'na), n. pi. [NL., < Dipus 
(Dipod-) + -ina 2 .] Same as Dipodidtg. 
Dipodinae(dip-o-di'ne),n.j);. [NL.,< .Dipus (Di- 
pod-) + -ince.] ' The typical subfamily of Dipo- 
didce; the jerboas proper. The cervical vertebne 
are more or less ankylosed ; the metatarsus is greatly 
elongated ; the metatarsal bones are often fused into a 
single cannon-bone ; the hind feet have only three func- 
tional digits ; the tall is thickly covered with hair and 
often tufted ; and the grinding teeth are rooted. There 
are three genera, Dijnu, Alactaya, and Platycmomyi. 
See Dipus, jrrboa. 
Dipodomyinse (di-pod'o-mi-I'ne), n.pl. [NL., 
< IHpodomys + -IB.] ' A subfamily of salta- 
torial myomorphie rodents, of the family Sae- 
comyidas. The technical characters are : external cheek- 
pouches ; rootless molars ; compressed sulcate upper in- 
cisors; the mastold and tympanic region of the skull 
enormously inflated ; the hind limbs elongated, Jerlwa- 
llke, fitted for leaping, with the inner digit rudimentary 
and elevated, and soles densely hairy, like a rabbit's ; the 
second, third, and fourth cervical vertebra ankylosed ; the 
pelage soft ; and the tall long and hairy. The subfamily 
is peculiar to America, where it represents to some extent 
the jerboas, though Iwlonging to an entirely different fam- 
ily, that of the pocket-mice. The animals are also knou n 
as kantjaroo-ratg or kanyaroo-mice. There is but one ge- 
nus, IHpodomys. 
Dipodomys (di-pod'o-mis), n. [NL., < Gr. 6i- 
rcovf (diirod-), two-footed (see dipode), + //i? = 
