dizzy 
dusseln, be giddy), < "dus, "dus (prob. con- 
nected with MHG. tore, tor, Gt. thor, tor, a fool), 
which may be regarded as a contr. of *dwas, 
AS. dwces = MD. dwaes, D. dwaas, foolish. The 
Dan. dosig, drowsy, belongs rather to the root 
of doze: see dose and daze. The sense of 'gid- 
dy' is not found before mod. E., and the word is 
scarcely found at all in later ME. Hence dizzy, 
v., and dizzard.] If. Foolish; stupid. 
Than waxes his hert hard and hevy, 
And his head feble and dysy. 
Hampole, Prick of Conscience, 1. 770. 
Ase dusie men and adoted doth. Ancren Riwle, p. 222. 
2. Giddy; having a sensation of whirling in the 
head, with instability or proneness to fall ; ver- 
tiginous. 
'Tis looking downward makes one dizzy. 
Browning, Old Pictures in Florence. 
3. Causing giddiness : as, a dizzy height. 
How fearful 
And dizzy 'tis, to cast one's eyes so low ! 
Shak., Lear, iv. 6. 
So, with painful steps we climb 
Up the dizzy ways of time. 
Whittier, My Dream. 
4. Arising from or caused by giddiness. 
A dizzy mist of darkness swims around. Pitt. 
6. Giddy; thoughtless; heedless. 
What followers, what retinue canst thou gain, 
Or at thy heels the dizzy multitude, 
Longer than thou canst feed them on thy cost? 
Milton, P. R., ii. 420. 
dizzy (diz'i), v. ; pret. and pp. dizzied, ppr. diz- 
zying. [< ME. *dysien, desien, < AS. dysigian, 
dyse'gian, dysigan, dysian, be foolish, act or talk 
foolishly (= OFries. dusia, be dizzy) ; from the 
adij I.t intrans. To be foolish; act foolishly. 
II. trans. To make giddy; confuse. 
If the jangling of thy bells had not dizzied thy under- 
standing. Scott, Ivanhoe, ii. 
Merrily, merrily whirled the wheels of the dizzying dances 
Under the orchard-trees and down the path to the mea- 
dows. Longfellow, Evangeline, i. 4. 
diebel, . See jebel. 
djereed, djerrid, n. Bee jereed, jerrid. 
djiggetai, n. See dziggetai. 
djinn, djinnee. See jinn, jinnee. 
djolan Qo'lan), n. [E. Ind.] The native name 
of the year-bird, Suceros plicatus, a hornbill 
with a white tail and a plicated membrane at 
the base of the beak, inhabiting the Sunda 
islands, Malacca, etc. 
D-link (de'link), n. In mining, a flat iron bar 
suspended by chains in a shaft so that it may 
be raised or lowered at pleasure, and used to 
support a man engaged in making repairs or 
changes in the pit-work. The man sits on the 
bar, and is supported in part by a strap which 
goes round his body under the arms. 
D. M. In music, an abbreviation of destra mano 
(which see). 
D. M., D. Mus. Abbreviations of Doctor of 
Music. 
do 1 (do), v. ; pres. ind. 1 do, 2 doest or dost (you 
do), 3 does, doeth, or doth, pi. do; pret. did, pp. 
done, ppr. doing. The forms doth and dost are 
confined almost entirely to the auxiliary use ; 
doeth and doest are never auxiliary, [(a) Inf. 
do, early mod. E. also doe, doo, dooe, archaically 
don, done (pres. ind. 1 do, early mod. E. also doe, 
doo ; 2 dost, doest, early mod. E. also doost; 3 does, 
early mod. E. also dooes, do's; doth, doeth, early 
mod. E. also dooth), < ME. do, doo, with inf. suffix 
don, doon, done (pres. ind. 1 do, 2 dost, dest, 3 
doth, deth, pi. do, don, doon, earlier doth), < AS. 
don (pres. ind. 1 do, 2 dest, 3 deth, pi. doth) = OS. 
don, duon, duan, doan = OFries. dua = D. doen 
= MLG. LG. don = OHG. ton, tuon, tuan, tuen, 
toan, MHG. tuon, G. tun, thun (not in Scand. or 
Goth, except as in pret. suffix, Goth, -da, subj. 
-dedjau, = Icel. -dha, -da, -ta = Sw. -de = Dan. 
-de = AS. -de, E. -d, -ed: see -ed 1 ); (b) pret. 
did (2d pers. sing, didst, didest, diddest), < ME. 
did, dyd, dide, dyde, dede, dude, pi. dide, diden, 
dyden, deden, duden, < AS. dide, dyde, pi. didon, 
dydon = OS. deda, pi. dedun, dadun = OFries. 
dede, pi. deden = D. deed = MLG. LG. dede, pi. 
deden = OHG. teta, pi. (3) tatun, MHG. tete, tate, 
pi. taten, G. tat, that, pi. taten, thaten (in Scand. 
and Goth, only as pret. suffix, Goth, -da, pi. (3) 
-dedun : see above) : this pret. form being a re- 
duplication of the present stem (cf. the redu- 
plicated forms of the present in Gr. and Skt.), 
and the only form in mod. Teut. which retains 
visible traces of that method of indicating past 
time (this pret. did, used in the earliest Teut. 
1710 
as a suffix to form the pret. of verbs then 
formed, became reduced in Goth, to -da, in AS. 
to -de, in E. to -d, usually treated as -ed, with the 
preceding stem-vowel: see -edi) ; (c) pp. done,< 
ME. don, doon, or i-don, y-don, often without the 
suffix do, doo, i-do, y-do, < AS. gedon = OS. don, 
duan, dan = OFries. den, dan = D. gedaan = 
MLG. geddn, LG. daan = OHG. tan, MHG. getan, 
G. getan, gethan; (d) ppr. doing, < ME. doinge, 
earlier doende, doandc,< AS. donde = OS. OFries. 
*duand (not found) = OHG. tuont, MHG. tuend, 
G. tuend, thuend: a widely extended Indo-Euro- 
pean root, 'do, make, put,' = L. -dere, put, in 
comp. aodere, put away (see abditive), condere, 
put together, put up (see condite, condiment), 
abs-condere, put away, hide (see abscond), in- 
dere, put upon, impose, subdere, put under, sub- 
stitute (see subdititious), credere, trust (see cre- 
dit) (the L. verb being merged in form and sense 
with dare, in comp. -dere, give : see date 1 ), = Gr. 
V/ *8e, *6?i, in reduplicated pres. Ttffevai, ind. 
riOriiu, put, place, He/j.a, a thing laid down, a prop- 
osition, theme, otatf, a putting, position, thesis, 
Of/iai, a case, etc. (see theme, thesis, theca, antith- 
esis, etc.), = OBulg. dtti, deyati = Slov. dyati, 
put, lay, say, etc. (being widely developed in 
the Slav, tongues), = Lith. deti = Lett, det, put, 
lay, = OPers. -\/ da = Skt. / dha (pres. da- 
dhdmi), put, lay. The orig. sense 'put' appears 
especially in the compounds, originally con- 
tractions, of do with a following adverb, name- 
ly, don (< do on), doff (< do off), dout (< do out), 
dup (< do up). Peculiar inf. forms, consisting 
of do combined with the prepositional sign, ap- 
pear as nouns in ado and to-do. Deriv. deed, 
doom, deem, -dom, etc. Cf. do 2 . The uses of 
do, as a verb expressing almost any kind of ac- 
tivity, are so various, and are involved in so 
many idiomatic constructions, that a complete 
discrimination and exhibition of them in strict 
sequence is impossible, the coloring of the verb 
being largely due to its context.] I. trans. 1. 
To put; place; lay. [The use of the word in this 
sense is now obsolete, except in combination with certain 
adverbs in some idiomatic phrases, as do away, do away 
with, do up. (See phrases below.) In composition it ap- 
pears in the existing words don (do on) and do/ (do o/), 
and in the obsolete words dout (do out) and dup (do up). 
All the examples given show obsolete uses except the 
fourth and last : do to death has held its ground in litera- 
ture as an archaic expression.] 
He hit [the body] wolde do in golde. 
Eleven Thousand Virgins (Early Eng. Poems, 
[ed. Furnivall), 1. 154. 
To Crist 
That don was on the tre. Sir Trietrem, i. 36. 
The gode erle of Warwik was don to the suerd [sword]. 
Langtoffs Chronicle (ed. Hearne), p. 47. 
He dude to deth deliuerli flue gode knijtes. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3427. 
And for he wald tell no resoun, 
He was done in depe dungeoun, 
And thore he lay in mirknes grete. 
Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 93. 
In that place ther be done 
Holy bones mony on. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 116. 
Lady Maisry did on her green mantle, 
Took her purse in her hand. 
Chil Ether (Child's Ballads, IV. 300). 
Who should do the duke to death ? 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 2. 
2. To perform ; execute ; achieve ; carry out ; 
effect by action or exertion; bring to pass by 
procedure of any kind : as, he has nothing to 
do; to do a man's work; to do errands; to do 
good. 
This Josaphathe was Kyng of that Contree, and was 
converted by an Heremyte, that was a worth! man, and 
dide moche gode. MandevUle, Travels, p. 96. 
"Certeyn," quod she, " I will gladly do your counsel!." 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 8. 
And Ther fast by ys the Place wher kyng David dyd 
penaunce. Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travel!, p. 36. 
Six days shalt thou labour and do all thy work. Ex. xx. 9. 
A miracle is, in the nature of it, somewhat done for the 
conversion of infidels ; it is a sign, not to them that be- 
lieve, but to them that believe not. 
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. i. 
Take this one rule of life and you never will rue it 
'Tis but do your own duty and hold your own tongue. 
Lowell, Blonde!. 
It is more shameful to do a wrong than to receive a 
wrong. Sumner, True Grandeur of Nations. 
3. To treat or act in regard to (an object) so 
as to perform or effect the action required by 
the nature of the case : as, to do (transact) 
business with one ; to do (dress) the hair ; to 
do (cook) the meat thoroughly; to do (visit 
and see the sights of) a country; do (trim) my 
do 
beard first; be sure and do (make) the shoes 
first; to do (work out) a problem in arithmetic. 
In this use, do is the most comprehensive of 
verbs, as it may assert any kind of action. 
Many of them will, as soone as the Sunne riseth, light 
from their horses, turning themselues to the South, and 
will lay their gownes before them, with their swords & 
beads, and so standing vpright doe their holy things. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 390. 
AH y expences of y* Leyden people [were] done by 
others in his absence. 
Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, p. 288. 
You really have done your hair in a more heavenly style 
than ever : you mischievous creature, do you want to at- 
tract everybody? Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, p. 51. 
We had two brave dishes of meat, one of fish, a carp 
and some other fishes, as well done as ever I eat any. 
Pepys, Diary, March 2, 1660. 
When he [Johnson] wrote for publication, he did his 
sentences out of English into Johnsonese. 
Macaulay, Boswell's Life of Johnson. 
It was a lovely afternoon in July that a party of Eastern 
tourists rode into Five Forks. They had just done the 
Valley of Big Things. Bret Harte, Fool of Five Forks. 
Another wrote: "I cannot understand why you do 
lyrics so badly." R. L. Stevenson, A College Magazine, i. 
4. To perform some act imparting or causing 
(some effect or result), or manifesting (some in- 
tention, purpose, or feeling); afford or cause 
by action, or as a consequence of action ; cause ; 
effect; render; offer; show: with a direct ob- 
ject, and an indirect object preceded by to or 
for, or itself preceding the direct object: as, 
to do good to one's neighbor ; to do reverence 
to a superior; to do a favor for a friend ; to do 
homage for land, as a vassal ; he has done you a 
great favor; to do a patron honor or credit; to 
do a person harm or wrong. 
But the Comaynz chaced him out of the Contree, and 
diden hym meche Sorwe. Mandeville, Travels, p. 37. 
He waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good 
nor harm. Shak., Cor., ii. 2. 
But yesterday, the word of Csar might 
Have stood against the world ; now lies he there, 
And none so poor to do him reverence. 
Shak., 3. C., iii. 2. 
You are treacherous, 
And come to do me mischief. 
Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure, it 2. 
Their [the Hansiatic League's] want of a Protector did 
do them some Prejudice in that famous Difference they 
had with our Queen. Howell, Letters, I. vi. 3. 
This had been to do too great force to our assent, which 
ought to be free and voluntary. 
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. x. 
It is a very good office one man does another, when he 
tells him the manner of his being pleased. 
Steele, Tatler, No. 182. 
As it were a duty done to the tomb, 
To be friends for her sake, to be reconciled. 
Tennyson, Maud, xix. 
5. To bring to a conclusion ; complete; finish: 
as, the business being done, the meeting ad- 
journed. 
Thys don, we passed owt of the Vestre, and so to the hye 
Auter. Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 11. 
It is not so soone done as said. 
Robin Hood and the Peddlers (Child's Ballads, V. 245). 
As when the Pris'ner at the bar has done 
His tongue's last Plea. J. Beaumont, Psyche, ii. 71. 
6f. To deliver ; convey. 
Foure or flue times he yawns ; and leaning-on 
His (Lob-like) elbowe, hears This Message don. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Vocation. 
May one that is a herald, and a prince, 
Do a fair message to his kingly ears? 
Shak., T. and C., i. 3. 
He injoyn'd me 
To do unto you his most kinde commends. 
Heyvjood, Woman Killed with Kindness. 
7f. To impart ; give ; grant ; afford. 
Do me sikernesse thereto, seis Joseph thenne. 
Joseph of Arimathie, 1. 623. 
To contrite hertis I do remission. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 111. 
It dooth us coumfort on thee to calle. 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 19. 
8. To serve. 
I went and bought a common riding-cloak for myself, 
to save my best. It cost but 30s., and will do my turn 
mighty well. Pepys, Diary, II. 415. 
9. To put forth ; use in effecting something ; 
exert : as, I will do my endeavor in your behalf ; 
do your best. 
Do thy diligence to come shortly unto me. 2 Tim. iv. 9. 
After him many good and godly men, divine spirits, 
have done their endeavors, and still do. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 626. 
10f. To cause; make: with an object and an 
infinitive: as, "do him come," Paston Letters, 
1474-85 (that is, cause him to come). 
