dog 
3. Nant., to grip, as a rope, to a spar or cable 
so that the parts hind on each other, to prevent 
slipping, and causing it to cling. 
dogal (do'gal), a. [< ML. tt<H/fil<g, var. (after It. 
done, doge:" soo <&/<) of ilncalin, ducal: see du- 
cal.] Belonging or pertaining to a doge. Mill- 
Illl/IXt . 
dogana (do-ga'na), n. [It., = P. douane, cus- 
toms, a custom-house : see iloiume, divan.] A 
custom-house. 
dog-and-chain (dog'and-chan'), n. In coal-min- 
ini/, a bent lover with a chain attached, by means 
of which props are withdrawn from the goaf 
without endangering the safety of the miner. 
dog-ape (dog'ap), n. A male ape. 
If ever I thank any man, I'll thank you ; but that they 
call compliment is like the encounter of two dog-apes. 
Shak., As you Like ft, il. 5. 
dogaressa (do-ga-res'a), n. [It., fern. < doge, 
doge.] The wife of a doge. 
Baa-reliefs of the doge and the dogaressa kneeling at 
the feet of the enthroned Christ. 
C. C. Perkins, Italian Sculpture, p. 205. 
dogate (do'gat), n. [= F. dogat = It. dogato, 
< ML. tluciiiiiH. docatus, a duchy : see ducat, 
duchy.'] The office or dignity of a doge. Also 
written dogeate. E. D. 
dogbane, . See dog's-bane. 
dog-bee (dog' be), n. 1. A drone or male bee. 
2. A fly troublesome to dogs. 
dog-belt (dog'belt), n. In coal-mining^ a strong 
broad belt of leather to which a chain is attach- 
ed, passing between the legs of the men draw- 
ing dans or sledges in the low works. [Eng.] 
dogberry (dog'ber'i), n. ; pi. dogberries (-iz). 
1 . The berry of the dogwood, Cormts sanguined. 
2. In Nova Scotia, the mountain-ash, I'yrus 
Americana. 
dogberry -tree (dog'ber'i-tre), . 1. The dog- 
wood. 2. In the United States, the choke- 
berry, Pyrus arbutifolia. 
dog-biscuit (dog'bis'kit), . A kind of biscuit 
made with scraps of meat, for feeding dogs. 
dogblow (dog'blo), n. In Nova Scotia, the ox- 
eye daisy, Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum. 
dog-boltt (dog'bolt), n. [Appar. < dog + bolt 
(obscure) ; a vague term of contempt. There 
is no basis of fact for the fanciful explanation 
of the word as "a corruption of AS. dolgbote 
[meaning dolgbot, compensation for a wound] 
dolg, a wound, andftote [meaning bot], recom- 
pense ; hence, a pettifogger who first provoked 
an assault and then sued for damages there- 
for"!] A fool; a butt: a term of contempt. 
On me attendeth simple Sir John, (a chaplaync more 
meet to serve u thatcher, than in the church,) who is made 
a doulte and a dog-bolte by every servinge-man. 
Ulpian FiUwell, Ars Adulamli, the Arte of Flatterie. 
I have been fool'd and jaded, made a dog-bolt : 
My daughter's ruu away. Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 
O, ye dog-bolts I 
That fear no hell but Dunkirk. 
Beau, and Ft., Honest Man's Fortune, v. 1. 
dog-brier (dog ' bri ' er), . A brier, the dog- 
rose, Rosa canina. 
dog-cart (dog'kart), n. 1. A carriage with a 
box for holding sportsmen's dogs ; hence, a car- 
riage for ordinary driving similar to a village 
cart, but with two transverse seats back to back, 
the second of which, as originally made, could 
be shut down, thus forming a box to hold dogs. 
We have never yet satisfactorily discovered whether 
the dog-cart be an English or French invention, as it is 
common with both nations, where it is used for hunting 
as well as fur pleasure-riding. 
E. M. Stratton, World on Wheels, p. 240. 
2. A small cart made to bo drawn by dogs. 
dog-cheap (dog'chep), a. [Early mod. E. also 
dog-eheapv, dogge-cheape, dog-chepe; < dog (us 
a type of worthlessness) (see dog, n., 6) + 
cheap, a. There is nothing to connect the word 
with dagger-cheap, q. v.] Very cheap ; in little 
estimation. 
Vil, vile (It.], vile, base, . . . good cheape, of little price, 
dor/ge cheape. Florin. 
They afforded their wares so dog-eheape. 
Stanihurst, Descrip. of Ireland, p. 22. 
The nearest to the Chajronean in virtue and wisdom is 
Trajan, who holds all the gods doff-cht'ttji. Landor. 
dog-colet, . Dog's-bane. Palsgrave. 
dog-collar (dog'kol'ar), . 1. A collar for a 
dog. 2. An ornamental band or collar made 
of metal, beads, velvet, etc., aud worn close 
round the throat by women. 
dog-daisy (dog'da'zi), . The field-daisy. 
[North. Eng.] 
dog-days (dog'daz), . /'/. A part of the year 
about the time of the heliacal rising of the 
dog-star. Various dates, from July 3d to August 15th, 
1719 
have been assigned for the first dog-day, and various du- 
rations, from 30 to 54 days. Pliny says they began with the 
heliacal rising of Procyon, which took place, he says, July 
19th, N. 8.; and this date has been widely accepted. But 
he also says the sun was then entering Leo, which rule, 
making the dog-days begin July 23d, has also been used. 
Hippocrates (450 B. c.) says they were in the hottest and 
most unhealthy part of summer. If the season was of 
Babylonian origin, it would originally probably have been 
in early summer. Perhaps they are now most usually reck- 
oned from July 3d to August llth, Inclusive. 
I should have look'd as soon for frost 
In the Day-days, or another inundation, 
As hop'd this strange conversion above miracle. 
Beau, and Fl., Woman-Hat er. III 1. 
I generally lay aside the doy-dayi and the hot time of 
the summer for the teaching of this part of the exercise. 
Addison, The Fan Exercise. 
dog-dravet (dog'drav), . A kind of sea-fish 
mentioned in early charters. Hamersly. 
dogdrawt (dog'dra), . In old Eng. forest laic, 
an apprehension of an offender against the 
venison in the forest when he was found draw- 
ing after the deer by the scent of a led hound, 
especially after a deer which ho had wounded 
with crossbow or longbow. 
doge (doj), n. [= F. doge = Sp. Pg. doge = D. 
G. Dan. Sw. doge, < It. doge, prop. dial. (Vene- 
tian) for *doce, duce, It. usually ducu (after 
MGr. Sovim, ace. of oov^ ), < L. dux (due-), leader, 
duke : see duke.] The title of the chief magis- 
trate of the old 
republics of Ven- 
ice and Genoa, in 
Venice the office was 
established in the 
eighth century ; the 
doge was chosen for 
life, at first by the citi- 
zens, but toward the 
end of the twelfth 
century the election 
was restricted to a 
small committee of 
the Great Council 
The power and dignity 
of the doges were 
originally very great, 
but gradually became 
limited through the 
jealousy of the Vene- 
tian aristocracy. In 
Genoa the dignity was 
established in the 
fourteenth century ; 
the doge was at first 
elected for life, but 
from the first part of the sixteenth century the term was 
restricted to two years, and the authority of the doge be- 
came more limited. The office disappeared in Venice in 
1797, at the overthrow of the republic, and in Genoa in the 
same year, although there was a temporary restoration of 
it in the latter city a few years later. 
dog-eared (dog'erd), a. Having the corners of 
the leaves curled over and soiled by use, as a 
book. Also dog's-eared. 
Statute books before unopened, not dog-eared. 
Lord Mansfield. 
dogeate (do'jat), . [< doge + -ate 3 .] Same as 
dogate. 
dogeship (doj'ship), n. [< doge + -ship.] The 
office and dignity of a doge. 
It is hard to acquit the Venetian commonwealth, under 
the dogethip of Giovanni Mocenigo, of risking the lasting 
interests of all Christendom, and of their Eastern domin- 
ion as part of it, to serve the momentary calls of a petty 
Italian policy. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 319. 
dog-faced (dog'fast), a. S&me&s dog-headed (a). 
dog-fancier (dog'tan'si-er), H. One who breeds 
dogs and keeps them for sale. 
dog-fennel, n. See dog's-fennel. 
dogfish (dog'fish), B. 1. A name of various 
selachians and fishes belonging to widely dis- 
tinct families, (a) The shark Squalu* acanthioi. of the 
family Squalida or Spinacidee, having similar teeth in both 
jaws, of subquadrate form, with nearly horizontal cutting 
Doge of Venice. Vecellio. 
dogger 
2. A name of the menobrauchus or mud-puppy, 
\iTinnifi maculatus, a batrachian reptile, 
dog-flshert (dog'fish* er), . One of the kinds 
of fish called dogfish. 
The dog-fisher Is good against the falling sickness. 
/. Walton', Complete Angler. 
dog-fly (dog'fli), n. [< ME. dogflye; < dug + 
fly*.] A voracious biting fly, common in woods 
and bushes, and very troublesome to dogs. It 
somewhat resembles the black fly which inf eats 
cattle. 
dog-footed (dog'fut'ed), a. Digitigrade, with 
blunt non-retractile claws, as a dog; cynopo- 
dous: specifically applied to a division of the 
Viverridee: opposed to cat-footed or celuropo- 
dous. J. E. Gray. 
dog-fox (dog'foks), n. 1. A male fox. 
The policy of those crafty swearing rascals that stale 
old mouse-eaten dry cheese, Nestor, and that same doy- 
SHI, Ulysses- Is not proved worth a blackberry. 
Shak., T. andC., v. 4. 
2. A name of some small burrowing species 
of Vulpes, as the corsak, V. corsac, with refer- 
ence to their resemblance to both the dog and 
the fox (which see). They inhabit the warmer por- 
tions of Asia and Africa. The American representative 
of the same group is the kit-fox, Vulpeit velox. See cut 
under corsak. 
dogged (dog'ed), a. [< ME. dogged, sullen, 
morose, doggish; < dog + -erf 2 .] If. Having 
the meaner qualities of a dog ; malicious ; mean ; 
contemptible; surly. 
How found tbou that fllthe In tlii fals wllle, 
Of so ./..<,</ a dede In thi derf hert? 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 10379. 
Arriving at Chlckahainania, that dogged Nation was too 
well acquainted with our wants, refusing to trade, with a* 
much scorue and insolency as they could exprcsse. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's True Travels, I. 198. 
2. Having the pertinacity of a dog; silently 
obstinate ; unyielding. 
You will th 1 1 1 him [the barbel] a heavy and a dogged fish 
to be dealt withal. J. Walton, Complete Angler, L 14. 
In the Presidency, as in the war, he IGrantJ showed a 
tenacious, dogged will, and a certain massive force, which 
carried him far toward his ends. 
a. S. Merriam, S. Bowles, II. 112. 
=8yn. 2. Stubborn, mulish, inflexible, headstrong. 
dogged (dog'ed), adv. [< dogged, a.] Very : 
as, a dogged mean trick. [Prov. Eng., and col- 
loq., U. S.] 
doggedly (dog'ed-li), adt\ [< ME. doggedly, 
doggetly ; < dogged + -ly 2 .] 1. In a dogged 
manner; with the pertinacity of a dog; per- 
sistently; unyieldingly. 
He [Johnson] verified his own doctrine, that a man may 
always write well when he will set himself doggedly to it. 
BotvxU. 
Of all stupidities there are few greater, and yet few in 
which we more doggedly persist, than this of estimating 
other men's conduct by the standard of our own feelings. 
//. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 253. 
2. Badly; basely; shamefully. Grose. [Prov. 
Bug.] 
doggedness (dog'ed -nes), n. The quality of 
being dogged ; stubbornness ; firm or sullen de- 
termination or obstinacy. 
Now you are friendly, 
Your doggedness and niggardlze flung from you, 
And now we will come to you. 
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, Iv. 7. 
There was a churlish and unusual look about Rigby. It 
was as if malignant, and yet at the same time a little 
frightened, he had screwed himself into doggedness. 
Disraeli, Couingsby, viiL . 
dogger 1 (dog'er), n. [= Sp. dogre = G. dog- 
ger, < MD. doggher, D. dogger, also in comp. 
dogger-boot, MD. doggher-boot, also dogghe-boot 
(boot= E. boat).] A Dutch fishing-vessel used 
Dogfish (Squ 
acanthitu). 
edges pointed outward, and with a spine in the front of 
each dorsal flu. It is the common dogfish of Sew England 
fishermen, and is often called piked dogfish by the English. 
It attains a length of from 1 to 3 feet, and is regarded as 
a pest, being very destructive to food-fishes. (6) A general 
name of sharks of the family Smialida or Spinacidoe. (c) 
A shark of the family Galeorhinidce or Carchariidce, as 
Miuitelus hinnulus, etc., having flattened teeth forming a 
pavement in both jaws, and unarmed dorsal flns. (d) Any 
shark of the subfamily Mtutrliiut. (e) A shark of the fam- 
ily Scylliida!, as the spotted dogfish, Scylliorhinus catulwt, 
the rough skin of which is used by joiners and other artifi- 
cers in polishing various substances, as wood. The small- 
spotted dogflsh is a second species, Scylliorhimti canicula. 
(/) A name of the mudfish, Amia calva. (<j) A name of 
Dallia pcetimii;*. See Iialliidcf. Also called Woc*/fA. 
(A) A kind of wrasse, Crenilabrut canintu. 
Dutch Dogger. 
in the North Sea, particularly in the cod- and 
herring-fisheries. It is rigged with two masts, 
and somewhat resembles a ketch. 
