drudge 
Kin?,' t;isks ; labor with toil ami fatigue, anil 
without interest. 
lie [irofreth his servys' 1 
To dt-ti /'/' and diawe. 
: i, K night's Tale, I. 558. 
Fair are your Words, as fair your <'arriai;c ; 
Let mi' In- free, tlnul,/*' you in Marriage. 
/',.",, 'Hi,. Mice. 
Oajl it be that a power of Intellect so nnmeiisuivil ;tmi 
exhaustless in its range has been brought into being 
nicreh I" 'Ii inl'i- tor an animal exist. 
Cltanniny, Perfect Life, p. 159. 
drudge 1 (<lruj), w. [< drudge*, v. See drug-.] 
One who toils, especially at servile or mechan- 
ical labor; otie who labors hard in servile or 
uninteresting employments ; a spiritless toiler. 
Another Kind of lioluhiiaii they liavi-, when a vile drudge, 
In in- a poor lalioiircr in another country, doth chuosc of 
his own free will to be a bondman among them. 
Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), ii. 8. 
I can but wait upon you, 
And be your drudge ; keep a poor life to serve you. 
Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, ill. 2. 
How did the toiling ox his death deserve, 
A downright simple drudge, and born to serve ? 
JDryden, Pythagorean Philos., 1. 177. 
drudge- (ilru.j), n. [E. dial., ult. = dredge*, .] 
1. A large rake. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 2. 
A dredge. 
drudge^ (druj), . t. ; pret. and pp. drudged, 
ppr. drudging. [E. dial., ult. = dredge*, v. t.] 
To harrow. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
drudge 3 (druj), . [Origin obscure.] Whisky 
in the raw state, as used in the manufacture 
of alcohol. [U. 8.] 
drudger 1 (druj'er), n. A drudge ; one who 
drudges. 
drudger 'H (druj'er), . [Var. of dredger?.] 1. 
A dredging-box. 
To London, and there among otherthings did look over 
some pictures at Cade's for my house, and did carry home 
a silver drudger for my cupboard of plate. 
Pepys, Wary, Feb. 2, 1665. 
2. A bonbon-box in which comfits (drag6es) 
are kept. 
drudgery (druj'er-i), n. [< drudge* + -cry*.] 
The labor of a drudge ; ignoble, spiritless toil ; 
hard work in servile or mechanical occupations. 
One that is aboue the world and its drudgery, and can- 
not pull downe his thoughts to the pelting businesses of 
It [life]. 
Bp. Earle, Micro-cosmographie, A High-spirited Man. 
Those who can turn their hands to any thing besides 
drudgery live well enough by their industry. 
Dumpier, Voyages, II. i. 141. 
Paradise was a place of bliss, . . . without drudgery, 
and without sorrow. Locke. 
= Syn. Labor, Toil, etc. See work, n. 
drudgical (druj'i-kal), a. [Irreg. < drudge 1 + 
-ic-al.] Of or pertaining to a drudge ; of the 
nature of a drudge or of drudgery. Carlyle. 
drudging-boxt (druj'ing-boks), n. See dredg- 
in/j-liii.r. 
drudgingly (druj'ing-li), adv. With labor and 
fatigue ; laboriously. 
drudgism (druj'izm), n. [< drudge + -ism.] 
Drudgery. Car I y If. 
drueriet, drueryt, n. Same as drury. 
drug 1 (drug), n. [Early mod. E. also drugg, 
ilrngge (ME. drugges, drogges, is doubtful in 
this sense, as in the only passage cited (Chau- 
cer) it alternates with dragges, stomachic com- 
fits: see dredge 2 ); = G. droge, drogue == Sp. Pg. 
It. droga, < OF. drogue, F. drogue, a drug, 
mod. also stuff, rubbish, < D. droog = E. dry : 
"drooglie waere, droogh krui/d, droogiierije (dry 
wares, dry herb, 'druggery'), phafmaca, aro- 
mata" (Kilian, who explains that "drugs vio- 
lently dry up and cleanse the body, but afford 
it no nourishment"); " droogen, gedroogde 
knnjdea en wortels (dried herbs and roots), 
drugga" (Sewel). See dry.] 1. Any vege- 
table, animal, or mineral substance used in 
the composition or preparation of medicines; 
hence, also, any ingredient used in chemical 
preparations employed in the arts. 
Full rcily haddc he his apotecarics. 
To send him <lr<t'iyes [var. droyyet, drugges] and hi letua- 
ries, 
For echc of hem made other for to witme. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 426. 
2. A tiling which has lost its value, and is no 
longer wanted ; specifically, a commodity that 
is not salable, especially from overproduction : 
as. ;i ilrng in the market (the phrase in which 
the word is generally used). 
brad they lie, 
As the*!' were times when loyalty's a drug, 
And zeal in a subordinate too cheap 
And common to IK- saved when we sjK'nd life: 
Brotc-nintj, limn and Book, II. 230. 
1781 
drug 1 (drug), v. ; pret. and pp. drugged, ppr. 
iti-iti/i/ini/. [< ilfii;/ 1 , .] I. Iran*. 1. To mix 
with drugs ; uarcoti/.e or make poisonous, as a 
beverage, by mixture with a drug: as, to drag 
wine (in order to render the person who drinks 
it insensible). 
The surfeited grooms 
Do mock their charge with snores : I have drugy'd their 
possets. Sliat., Macbeth, ii. -I. 
2. To dose to excess with drugs or medicines. 
3. To administer narcotics or poisons to; render 
insensible with or as with a narcotic or anes- 
thetic drug; deaden: as, he was drugged and 
then robbed. 
A sorrow's crown of sorrow is remembering happier things. 
Drug thy memories, lest thou learn it, lest thy heart be 
put to proof. 'i''iu:n*nn, l.orK>lry Hall. 
With rebellion, thus sugar-coated, they have been drug- 
giii'i the public mind of their section for more than thirty 
years. Lincoln, in Raymond, p. 145. 
4. To surfeit ; disgust. 
With pleasure drugg'd, he almost long'd for woe. 
Jlyruii, t'hilde Harold, t 6. 
U. intrans. To prescribe or administer drugs 
or medicines, especially to excess. 
Past all the doses of your drugging doctors. 
II. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1. 
drug 2 t (drug), n. [See drudge*.] A drudge. 
Hadst thou, like us, from our first swath proceeded 
The sweet degrees that this brief world affords 
To such as may the passive drugs of it 
Freely command, thou wouldst have plung'd thyself 
In general riot. Shale., T. of A., Iv. 3. 
drug 3 (drug), n. Same as drogue. 
drugged, v. i. A Middle English form of drudge*. 
drugge-t, . An obsolete form of drug*. 
drugger (drug'er), n. [< drug + -er*. Cf . F. 
drogueur, Sp. droguero.] If. A druggist. 
Fraternities and companies 1 approve of as merchants' 
burses, colledges of drugnerg, physicians, musicians, &e. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 63. 
2. One who administers drugs; especially, a 
physician who doses to excess. Dunglison. 
druggermant (drug'er-man), n. An obsolete 
form of dragoman. 
You druggerman of heaven, must I attend 
Your droning prayers? Dryden, Don Sebastian. 
Fity you was not druqgerman at Babel. 
Pope, Satires of Donne, iv. 83. 
druggery (drug'er-i), .; pi. druggeries (-iz). 
[< OF. droguerie, F. droguerie (cf. MD. droo- 
ghe rye), < drogue, drug : see drug* and. -ery.] 1. 
Drugs collectively. [Rare.] 2. A druggist's 
shop. [Humorous.] 
drugget (drug'et), n. [= G. droguett = Sp. Pg. 
droyuete = It. droghetto, < F. droguet, drugget, 
formerly a kind of stuff half silk, half wool. 
Origin unknown. There is nothing to show a 
connection with drug*.] 1. A coarse woolen 
material, felted or woven, either of one color or 
printed on one side, and used as a protection 
for a carpet, as a carpet-lining, or, especially 
in summer, as a rug or carpet, generally cov- 
ering only the middle portion of a floor. A 
finer fabric of the same sort is used for table- 
and piano-covers. 2. A striped woolen or 
woolen and cotton fabric, commonly twilled, 
formerly used in some parts of Great Britain, 
especially for women's clothing. 
He is of a fair complexion, light brown lank hair, hav- 
ing on a dark brown frieze coat, double-breasted on each 
side, with black buttons and buttonholes ; a light drug- 
get waistcoat. 
Advertisement, 1703 (Malcolm's Manners and Customs 
[of London in 18th Cent.). 
They [the Gauls] wove their stuffs for summer, and 
rough felts or drugget* for winter wear, which are said 
to have been prepared with vinegar, and to have been so 
tough as to resist the stroke of a sword. 
C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist., p. 114. 
druggist (drug'ist), n. [= MD. drooghist = F. 
droguiate (appar. later than the E.) ; as drug* + 
-ist.] 1 . One who deals in drugs ; one whose oc- 
cupation is the buying and selling of drugs. 
This new corporation of drutiltiot* had inflamed the bills 
of mortality and puzzled the College of Physicians with 
diseases for which they neither knew a name or cure. 
Toiler, No. 131. 
Specifically 2. One who compounds or pre- 
pares drugs according to medical prescriptions ; 
an apothecary or pharmacist; a dispensing 
chemist. [U. S.]- Chemist and druggist. See 
drugstert (drug'ster), H. [< drug + -sttr.] A 
druggist. 
They place their ministers after their apothecaries ; that 
e physi 
d (dro 
Sp. Pg. <///</ = It. druido, < L. druida, pi. 
is, the physician of the soul after the ilnuHter of the body. 
x<m(A, Works, I. iv. 
druid (dro'id), . [= G. druide = F. druide = 
= It. 
drum 
druida, also dmis (fern. druiux) l lA.ilrniilrx (usu- 
ally in pi.). = Gr. oafU^t, a drum; of Old ( Vlt i.- 
origin :< Olr. drui, gen. drund, dat. and nci-. 
ili-niil, nom. pi. and dual druad, later Ir. and 
Gael, ilrnni. w\\. ili-nndli, a magician (I-., nutyux); 
also later nom. druidh = Vf.tii i in/il<l (orig. nom. 
*dryw), a druid. Cf. AS. dry, a magician, < Olr. 
drui, a magician. The W. form shows a forced 
simulation of W. derw, an oak; so L. dmiiln 
was thought to be connected with Gr. fyif, a tree, 
esp. an oak (= E. tree) ; but this isguesswork. C'f. 
Olr. dair (gen. dnrm-li), daur (gen. daro, dara) 
= OGael. dair = W. dar, an oak.] 1. One of an 
order of priests or ministers of religion among 
the ancient Celts of Gaul, Britain, and Ireland. 
The chief seats of the dniids were in Wales, P.rit tan.v. and 
the regions around the modern Dreux and hat ties in 
France. The druids are believed to have possessed some 
knowledge of geometry, natural philosophy, etc. They 
superintended the affairs of religion and morality, and 
performed the office of judges. The oak is said to have 
represented to them the one supreme God, and the mis- 
tletoe when growing upon it the dependence of man 
upon him; and they accordingly held these in the highest 
veneration, oak-groves being their places of worship. They 
are said to have had a common superior, who was elected 
by a majority of votes from their own members, and who 
enjoyed his dignity for life. The druids, as an order, al- 
ways opposed the Romans, but were ultimately extermi- 
nated by them. [Very commonly written with a capital.) 
As those Druid* taught, which kept the British rites, 
And dwelt iu darksome groves, there counselling with 
sprites. Orayton, Polyolbion, i. 35. 
Thir Religion was governd by a sort of Priests or Magi- 
cians call'd Drtiiiles from the Greek name of an Oke, which 
Tree they had in greate reverence, and the Mlsslcto espe- 
cially growing theron. Milton, Hist. Eng., ii. 
2. [cap.] A member of a society called the 
United Ancient Order of Druids, founded in 
London in 1781, for the mutual benefit of the 
members, and now counting numerous lodges, 
called groves, in America, Australia, Germany, 
etc. 3. In en torn., a kind of saw-fly, a hyme- 
nopterous insect of the family Tentliredinida. 
Druid's foot, a five-pointed figure supposed to have had 
mystical meaning among the druids, and still in use In 
some parts of Europe as a charm. 
druidess (dro'id-es), n. [= F. druidesse; us 
druid + -ess.] A female druid; a druidic 
prophetess or sorceress. 
The Druidesa has offended Heaven in giving way to 
love. The American, IV. 232. 
druidic, druidical (dro-id'ik, -i-kal), a. [< druid 
+ -ic, -ic-al.] Of or pertaining to the druids: 
as, druidical remains. 
The Druid followed him, and suddenly, we are told, 
struck him with a druidic wand, or, according to one ver- 
sion, flung at him a tuft of grass over which lie had pro- 
nounced a druidical incantation. O'Curry, Anc. Irish, I. x. 
Druidical bead. Same as adder-ttonf. Druidical cir- 
cles, the name popularly given to circles formed of large 
upright stones, consisting in some cases of a single round, 
in others of several rounds, and concentric, from the as- 
sumption that they were druidical places of worship, 
though there is no sufficient proof that this was their des- 
tination. The ntost celebrated druidical circle in England 
is that at Stonehenge iu Wiltshire. Druidical patera, 
a name given to bowls, commonly of stone, and usually 
with one handle, found In the Isle of Man and elsewhere, 
and now thought to have been used as lamps. Similar 
bowls are still in use for this purpose in the Faroe islands. 
druidish (dro'id-ish), a. [< druid + -ink*.] 
Pertaining to or like the druids. 
druidism (drS'id-izm), n. [= F. druidisme = Sp. 
Pg. druidismo; as druid + -ism.] The religion 
of the druids; the doctrines, rites, and cere- 
monies of the sacerdotal caste of the ancient 
Celts. See druid, 1. 
still the great and capital objects of their [the Saxons') 
worship were taken from Druiiti*nt. 
Burke, Abridg. of Eng. Htrt., i. 2. 
Their religion [that of the ancient Britons] was Druid- 
ism; and Britain is said to have been the parent-seat of 
that creed. Sir K. Cretuil, Eng. fonst., p. 2S. 
druid-stone (dro'id-ston), n. Same as gray- 
wether. 
drum 1 (drum), w. [Early mod. E. also drumme; 
= Dan. tronime = Sw. trumma (cf. Ir. Gael. 
ilritma, < E.), a drum, < D. trom = LG. trumme 
= G. tromme, dial, trumme, trumni, tromm, 
dromm, late MHG. trumme, trumbe, drumbe, 
drumme, trum, a drum (also in dim. form : Dan. 
tromle = Sw. trumla, < D. tromniil = G. trom- 
niil, formerly also drummel, MHG. trammel, 
trumjiel, dram/it-l, trumel, a drum); orig. identi- 
cal with MHG. trumme, trumbe, < OHG. trumlia, 
trumpa, a trump, trumpet: see trump* and trum- 
pet*. It thus appears that drum* and trump* 
are ult. identical, though applied to unlike in- 
struments. The diverse use is prob. due to the 
(supposed) imitative origin of the name. See 
iln/iii*, r.] 1. A musical instrument of the per- 
cussive class, consisting of a hollow wooden or 
metallic body and a tightly stretched head of 
membrane which is struck with a stick. Three 
