duffll 
duffilti An obnolote spelling 
duffing (iluf'ing), M. In iiiii/linii, thr body of 
mi iirtilicial fly. 
duffle, duffel "(duf'l), . and a. [< D. duffel 
= LG. duffel, a kind of coarse, thick, shaggy 
woolen cloth, = \V. Flein. duffel, any shaggy- 
material for wrapping n]i ; cf. duffelen, wrap 
up, < iliiffrl, a liundlo or bunch (of rags, hay, 
straw, etc.) (Wedgwood). Usually referred to 
Itaffel, a town near Antwerp.] I. . 1 . A coarse 
woolen cloth having a thick nap or frieze, 
generally knotted or tufted. 
And let It bo of dttfle grey 
As warm a cloak as man can Bell. 
Wordsworth, Alice Fell. 
They secured to one corporation the monopoly to con- 
tinue to introduce . . . trade guns, fishing ami trapping 
gear, calico, <lujfl'-, and gewgaws. 
W. Barrows, Oregon, p. o!>. 
2. Baggage; supplies; specifically, a sports- 
man's or camper s outfit. 
Everyone has gone to his chosen ground with too much 
impedimenta, too much duffle, 
G. W. Sears, Woodcraft, p. 4. 
II. a. Made of duffle. 
She was going ... to buy a bran-new duffle cloak. 
Mrs. Oaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ii. 
dufoil (du'foil), n, and a. [< L. duo (= E. two) 
+ E./oi/i, < L. folium, a leaf. Cf. trefoil, etc.] 
I. n. In her., a head of two leaves growing out 
of a stem. Otherwise called twifoil. 
II. a. In her., having only two leaves, 
dufrenite (du-fren'lt), . [From the French 
mineralogist'?. A. Dufrenoy (1792-1857).] A 
native hydrous iron phosphate, generally mas- 
sive with radiated fibrous structure. It has a 
dark-green color, but changes on exposure to 
yellow or brown. 
dufrenoysite (du-fre-noi'zit), n. [< Dufrenoy 
(see del.) + -t'te 2 .] A sulphid of arsemo and 
lead, found in small prismatic crystals of a lead- 
gray color in the dolomite of the Binnenthal, 
Switzerland : named for the French mineralo- 
gist P. A. DufrSnoy. 
dug 1 (dun), H. [Early mod. E. dugge; cf. E. 
dial, ducky, dukky, the female breast ; prob. 
ult. connected with 8w. ddgga = Dan. dcegge, 
suckle. See dairy, dey 1 .] The pap or nipple 
of a woman or a female animal; the breast, 
with reference to suckling. It is now applied 
to that of a human female only in contempt. 
It was a faithless squire that was the source 
Of all my sorrow, and of these sad tears ; 
With whom, from tender dug of common nonrse, 
At once I was up brought. Spenser, F. Q. 
she wildly breaketh from their strict embrace, 
Like a milch doe, whose swelling dug* do ache, 
Hasting to feed her fawn hid in some brake. 
Shot., Venus and Adonis, 1. 875. 
dug 2 (dug). Preterit and past participle of dig. 
dugong (du'gong), . [Also duyong; < Malay 
tliiii<mg, Javanese duyunq.'] A large aquatic 
herbivorous mammal of the order Sirenia, Hali- 
core dugong, of the Indian seas, in general con- 
. figuration It resembles a cetacean, having a tapering flsh- 
like body ending in flukes like a whale's, with two fore 
Dugong ( Halicore 
flippers and no hind limbs. It is known to attain a length 
of 7 or 8 feet, and is said to lie sometimes much longer. 
The flesh is edible, and not unlike l>eef. Other products 
of the dugong are leather, ivory, and oil. The dugong and 
the manatee, of the old and new world respectively, are 
the licst-kimwii ,-irenians, and leading living representa- 
tives of the order Sirenia (which see). They may have 
contributed to the myth of the mermaid. See HaKcom. 
dugout (dug' out), H. 1. A boat consisting of 
a log with the interior dug out or hollowed. It 
is a common form of the primitive canoe. 
Our boat was a very unsafe dii'l-utit with no out-riggers, 
in which we could not dare to beguile a part of the way 
in sleep, for fear of capsizing it by an niiL-narded move- 
ment. //. 0. Forbes, Eastern Archipelago, p. 296. 
The sun was just rising, as a man stepped from his 
slender dun-out and drew half its length out upon the 
oozy bank of a pretty bayou. 
G. W. Cable, The Century, XXXV. 89. 
113 
1793 
2. A shelter or roujrh kind of house excavated 
in the ground, or more generally in the face of 
a bluff or bunk. Whole dugout' are entirely exca- 
vated ; lni/t^/ii : /'>ntn arc partly ev;i\ate<i anil partly I milt 
of lots. The hitter kind IM frequently used in Montana for 
dwellings ; the whole dugouts are chiefly built for storing 
the crops an< I "(her things and as a refuge from c\ ri.m, , 
and tornadoes. [Western I', s. | 
The small outlying camps are often tents or mere durj- 
Mtfc in the ground. T. Roosevelt, The Century, XXXV. 499. 
People must resort to ilttij-otifs and cellar caves. 
Jour. Franklin Inst., CXXI. 269. 
Dugungus, ii. [NL. (Tiedmann), < dugong, q. 
v.J A genus of sireuians: same as Halicorc. 
Also called Platystomus. 
dug-way (dug'wa), n. A way dug along a 
precipitous place otherwise impassable ; a road 
constructed for the passage of vehicles on the 
side of a very steep bill, along a bold river- 
front, etc. [Western U. 8.] 
dui-. [Accom. form of Skt. di-i (= E. twi-), < dva 
= L. ilni> = E. two : noting a supposed second 
following element.] A prefix attached to the 
name of a chemical element and forming with 
it a provisional name for a hypothetical ele- 
ment, which, according to the periodic system 
of Mendelejeff, should have such properties as 
to stand in the same group with the element to 
which the prefix is attached and next but one 
to it. For instance, dui-Jluorine is the name of a sup- 
posed element not yet discovered, belonging in the same 
group as fluorine and .separated from it in the group by 
manganese. 
Dujardinia (du-jar-din'i-a), n. [NL., named 
after Dujardin.] A genus of chsetopodous an- 
nelids, of the family Syllidcr. 
duke 1 (duk). . [< ME. duke, dewke, duk, due, 
douk, dove, { OF. due, dues, dux, F. due = 8p. Pg. 
duque = It. duca (Venetian doge : see doge) = 
MGr. doi>f, < L. dux (due-), a leader, general, 
ML. a duke, < L. ducere, lead : see duct. Cf. Or. 
herzog = D. hertog = Dan. herlug = Sw. hertig, 
a duke, = AS. heretoga, a general, lit. 'army- 
leader'; the second element (G. -zog, AS. -toga) 
being ult. akin to L. dux, as above. Cf. duchess, 
duchy, ducat, etc.] If. A chief; a prince; a 
commander; a leader: as, "thedutoof Edom," 
Ex. xv. 15. 
" What lord art thu ? " quath Lucifer ; a voys aloud seyde, 
" The lord of myght and of may n, that made allethynges. 
Duke of this dymme place, a-non vndo the sates." 
Piers PlOtfmm (C), xxi. 865. 
With-ynne the Cite were lij*' men defensable, that of 
the Ihik' made grete ioye when thei hym saugh. 
Merlin (E. E. T. .), ii. 188. 
Hannibal, duke of Carthage. 
Sir T. Elyot. 
Coronet of an English 
Duke. 
2. In Great Britain, France, Italy, Spain, and 
Portugal, a hereditary title of nobility, ranking 
next below that of prince, but in some instances 
a sovereign title, as in those of the dukes of 
Burgundy, Normandy, Lorraine, etc. (see 3, be- 
low), or borne as his distinguishing title by a 
prince of the blood royal. The first English duke 
was Edward the Black Prince, created 
Duke of Cornwall In 1387. Dukes, 
when British peers, sit in the House 
of Lords by right of birth; Scotch 
and Irish dukes have a right of elec- 
tion to it, in common with other 
peers of those countries, in certain 
proportions; in other countries, ex- 
cept Germany (see below), the title 
conveys no prescriptive political 
power. In Great Britain a duke's 
coronet consists of a richly chased gold circle, having on 
its upper edge eight strawberry-leaves, with or without a 
cap of crimson velvet, closed at the top with a gold tassel, 
lined with sarcenet, and turned up with ermine. 
His grandfather was Lionel duke of Clarence, 
Third son to the third Edward king of England. 
SAn*., 1 Hen. VI., ii. 4. 
Next in rank [to the sovereign] among the lords tem- 
poral were the dukes. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 428. 
3. A sovereign prince, the ruler of a state 
called a duchu. In the middle ages, on the continent 
of Europe, all dukes were hereditary territorial rulers, 
generally in subordination to a king or an emperor, though 
often independent ; now only German dukes retain that 
status, and of these there are but five, those of Anhalt, 
Brunswick, Saxe-Altenburg. Haxe-Coburg-Gotha, andSaxe- 
Meiningcii. Modena and Parma, in lUly, were ruled by 
sovereign dukes until their incorporation with the king- 
dom of Italy in I860. 
4f. A name of the great eagle-owl of Europe, 
linbo majrimns, called grand-due by the French. 
5. pi. The fists. [Slang.] -Duke of Exeter's 
daughter*. See brake*, 12. Duke palatine. Seejxrfa- 
tine.lo dine with Duke Humphrey. See dine. 
duke 1 (duk), v. i. ; pret. and pp. Jiikcd, ppr. duk- 
ini/. [< duke 1 , H.] To play the duke. [Rare.] 
Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence. 
NAfii-., \i. for M.,iii. 2. 
duke-, n. A dialectal (Scotch) form of duck-. 
dulcarnon 
Thn'- dayls In dub aniang the dukit 
He did with dirt him I . 
dukedom (duk'dum), n. [< <//.vi + -dom.] 1. 
The jurisdiction, territory, or possessions of a 
duke. 
Is not a iliikeilinii, sir, a goodly gift? 
Slink., s Hen. VI., . L 
Edward III. founded the dukedom of Cornwall as the 
perpetual dignity of the kings eldest son and heir appa- 
rent. Stubbf, Const. Hist., | 428. 
2. The rank or quality of a duke, 
dukeling (duk'ling), . [< dukri + dim. -ling.} 
A petty, mean, insignificant, or mock duke. 
This dukeling mushroom 
Hath doubtless charm 'd the Unit, 
F'.r.l, IVrklli Warlwck, 11. 8. 
dukely (duk'li), a. [< dukei + -fyl.] Becom- 
ing a duke. Southey. 
dukery (du'ker-i), n. ; pi. dukeries (-iz). [< 
duke 1 + -ery.~\ A ducal territory, or a duke's 
seat : as, the Dukeries (a group of ducal seats in 
Nottinghamshire, England). Davies. [Humor- 
ous.] 
The Albertlne line, electoral though it now was, made 
apanages, subdivisions, unintelligible little dukes and du- 
keriet of a similar kind. Carlyle, Misc., IV. 859. 
England is not a dukery. Nineteenth Century. 
dukeship (duk'ship), n. [< duke* + -ship.] The 
state or dignity of a duke. 
Will your dukeship 
Sit down and eat some sugar-plums? 
Masringer, Great Duke of Florence, Iv. 2. 
duke's-meat, n. 8ame as duck-meat. 
dukesst, n. [ME. dukes, a var. of duehes: see 
duchess.'] A duchess. 
Dukhobortsi (do-ko-bdrt'si), n. pi. [Buss. 
dukhoboretsu, pi. dukhobortxi, one who denies 
the divinity of the Holy Ghost (dukhoborstto, 
a sect of such deniers), < dukhu, spirit (Srya- 
tui{ Dukhu, Holy Ghost), + boretsu, a contend- 
er, wrestler, < boroli, overcome, refl. con- 
tend, wrestle, fight.] A fanatical Russian sect 
founded in the early part of the eighteenth 
century by a soldier named Procope Loupkin, 
who pretended to make known the true spirit 
of Christianity, then long lost. They have no 
stated places of worship, observe no holy days, reject the 
use of Images and all rites and ceremonies, have no or- 
dained clergy, and do not acknowledge the divinity of 
Christ or the authority of the Scriptures, to which they 
give, in so far as they accept them, a mystical interpreta- 
tion. Owing to their murders and cruelties, they were re- 
moved to the Caucasus in 1841 and subsequent years; they 
now form a community there of seven villages. 
dulcamara (dul-ka-ma'ra), . [= P. douce- 
amere = Sp. dulcamara, 
dulzamara = Pg. It. 
duccamara, < NL. dul- 
camara, lit. bitter- 
sweet, <.\j.dulcis, sweet, 
+ amarus, bitter.] A 
pharmaceutical name 
for the bittersweet, 
Solatium Dulcamara, a 
common hedge-plant 
through Europe and the 
Mediterranean region, 
and naturalized in the 
United States. The root 
and twigs have a peculiar 
bitter-sweet taste, and have 
been used in decoction for 
the cure of diseases of the 
skin. 
dulcamarin (dul-ka-ma'rin), n. [= F. dul- 
camarine; as dulcamara + -in 2 .] A glucoside 
obtained from the Solanum Dulcamara or bit- 
tersweet, forming a yellow, transparent, resin- 
ous mass, readily soluble in alcohol, sparingly 
so in ether, and very slightly soluble in water. 
dulcarnont, n. A word occurring in the phrase 
to be at dulcarnon that is, to be at a loss, to 
be uncertain what course to take. It is found 
in the following passage from Chaucer : 
" I am, til God me liettere mynde sende. 
At dulrarnon, right at my wittes ende. 
Quod Pandarus, " Ye, nece, will ye here? 
Dulcarntm called is ' flemyng of wreches ' ; 
It semeth hard, for wreches wol nought lere, 
For veray slouthe, or other wilful teches." 
Troilut, ill. 9S1. 
Dulcarnon represents the Arabic dhu 'I karwin, 'lord of 
the two horns,' a name applied to Alexander, either be- 
cause he boasted himself the son of Jupiter Amiuon, and 
therefore had his coins stamped with honied images, or 
as some say, because he had in his power the eastern and 
western world, signified in the two horns. (Selden's 
Preface to Drayton's Polyolbion.) But the epithet was 
also applied to the 47th proposition of Euclid, in hirh 
the squares of the two sides of the right-angled triangle 
stand out something like two horns. This pr<>]H>sition 
was confounded by Chaucer with the r>th proposition, the 
