dunche-down 
ears, as Matthiolus writeth" (Lyte, 1578); < 
dunch? + dou-ii*.] The herb reed-mace, Typlia 
lattfoUa. 
dun'cicalt (dun'si-kal), a. [Formerly also dun- 
cicall, dunnical, diiitstical ; < dunce + -ic-al.~] 
Like a dunce. 
The most dull and duncusall commissioner. 
Fuller, Ch. Hist., VIII. ii. 26. 
I have no patience with the foolish duncical dog. 
Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe, VIII. 100. 
duncifyt (dun'si-fi), . t. [< dunce + -i-jy, <june 2 (dun), . 
make.] To make dull or stupid ; reduce to the 
condition of a dunce. 
Here you have a fellow ten thousand times more dunci- 
Aed than dunce Webster. 
Warburton, To Hurd, Letters, cxxx. 
duncish (dun'sish), a. [< dunce + -ish 1 .] Like 
a dunce ; sottish. Imp. Diet. 
duncishness (dun'sish-nes), n. The character 
or quality of a dunce ; folly. Westminster Rev. 
dun-COW (dun'kou), n. In Devonshire speech, 
the shagreen ray, Saiafullonica, a batoid fish. 
duncur (dung'ker), n. The pochard or dun- 
bird. Also dunker. [Prov. Eng.] 
Dundee pudding. See pudding. 
dunder 1 (dun'der), . A dialectal variant of 
thunder. 
dunder 2 (dun'der), w. Lees; dregs; especially, 
the lees of cane-juice, which are used in the 
West Indies in the distillation of rum. 
The use of dunder in the making of rum answers the 
purpose of yeast in the fermentation of flour. Edwards. 
dunderbolt (dun'der-bolt), re. [A dial. var. of 
thunderbolt.'] A fossil belemnite; a thunder- 
stone. Varies. 
For "the reuinatis" boiled dunderbolt is the sovereign dung 1 (dung) 
1798 
The Spaniards neared and neared the fatal dunes which 
fringed the shore for many a dreary mile. 
Kingsley, Westward Ho, xxxi. 
Then along the sandy margin 
Of the lake, the Big-Sea- Water, 
On he sped with frenzied gestures, . . . 
Till the sand was blown and sifted 
Like great snowdrifts o'er the landscape, 
Heaping all the shore with Sand Dunes. 
Long/ellou; Hiawatha, xi. 
The long low dune, and lazy-plunging sea. 
Tennyson, Last Tournament. 
[See d 3 .] An ancient fort 
"with a hemispherical or conical roof. [Scotch.] 
dunfish (dun'fish), . [< dun 1 , a. and v. t., + 
fish. ] Codfish cured by dunning, especially for 
dunite 
underground part was often used as a prison. Also called 
keep dungeon-keep, or infer. See cut under castle. [In 
this sense also written donjon, a spelling preferred by 
some English writers ; but there is no historical distinc- 
Hence 2. A close cell; a deep, dark place of 
confinement. 
A-twene theis tweyn a gret comparison ; 
Kyng Alysaunder, he conquerryd alle ; 
Dyogenes lay in a smalle dongeon, 
In sondre weilyrs which turnyd as a ballc. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 27. 
They brought him [Joseph] hastily out of the dungeon. 
Gen. xli. 14. 
The King of Heaven hath doom'd 
This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat. 
Milton, P. L., ii. 317. 
[< dungeon, n.] To 
ing the "fagots" with bed-quilts to keep them clean. 
[New Eng.] 
dung 1 (dung), n. [< ME. dung, dong, rarely 
ding, < AS. dung, also dyng (in glosses badly 
iur ignorance. 
Bp. Hall, Remains, p. 128. 
You said nothing 
Of how I might be dungeoned as a madman. 
Shelley, The Cenci, ii. 1. 
written dingo and dinig) = OFries. dung. Fries, dungeoner (dun' jun-er), n. One who impris- 
a, MHG. tunge, dung, G. dung O ns or keeps in jail; a jailer. 
dong = OHG. tunga, 
(with LG. d) (cf. MHG. tunger, G. diinger, ma- 
nure) = Sw. dynga, muck, = Dan. dynge, a heap, 
hoard, mass. Hence dingy 1 .] The excrement 
of animals ; ordure ; feces. 
remedy, at least in the West of Cornwall. 
Polwhele, Traditions and Recollections (1826), II. 607. 
dunderfunk (dun'der-fungk), n. The name 
given by sailors to a dish made by soaking ship- 
biscuit in water, mixing it with fat and mo- 
lasses, and baking in a pan. Also called dandy- 
finik. 
dunderhead (dun'der-hed), w. [Orig. E. dial., 
appar. < dunder 1 , = thunder (cf. Sc. donnard, 
stupid, appar. of same ult. origin), + head. Cf. 
equiv. dunderpate, dunderpoll.] A dunce; a 
numskull. 
I mean your grammar, O thou dunderhead. 
Fletcher (and another), Elder Brother, il. 4. 
Here, without staying for my reply, shall I be called as 
many blockheads, numskulls, doddypoles, dunderheads, 
ninny-hammers, <fec. Sterne, Tristram Shandy, ix. 25. 
[Poetical.] 
That most hateful land, 
Dungeoner of my friend. Keats, To 
(dung'fli), . A dipterous insect of 
the"genus Scatophaga. 
Thei that kepeu that Hows coveren hem with Hete of dung fork (dung'fdrk), n. 1. A fork used in 
Hors Deny, with outen Henne, Goos, or Doke, or ony other , nov j ue stable-manure. Also muck -fork. 2. 
FouL Mandemlle, Travels, p. 49. ^ ^Jj* ft pointe d or forked process upon 
For over colde doo [put] douves dounge at eve w hich the larvte of certain coleopterous insects 
16 PMadius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 188. carry about their own excrement, as in the 
Pigeon dung approaches guano in its power as manure, genera Cassida, Coptocyela, and the like. See 
Encyc. Brit., XII. 233. cut under Coptocyela. 
[Early mod. E. 
ghyll, donghel, 
heap of dung. 
Salt is good, but if salt vanysche, in what thing schal 
it be sauered 't Neither in erthe, neither in donghille it is 
profitable. WyelV, Luke xiv. 
Shine not on me, fair Sun, though thy brave Kay 
With safety can the foulest dunghili kiss. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, ii. 135. 
Hence 2. Figuratively (a) A mean or vile 
abode. (6) Any degraded situation or condition. 
He 
restored vowel) 
donga, denga 
manure (cf. Dan. dynge = Sw. dm 
] 1 
nga, heap, 
trans. 1 . 
hoard, amass); from the noun.^ _ 
To cover with dung; manure with or as with 
dung. 
And, warring with success, 
Dunq Isaac's Fields with forrain carcasses. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Schisme. 
And he answering said unto him, Lord, let it alone this 
year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it. 
Luke xiii. 8. 
This ground was dunged, and ploughed, and sowed. 
Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, p. 254. 
2. In calico-printing, to immerse in a bath of 
cow-dung and warm water in order to remove 
excrement. 
dunderheaded (dun'der-hed"ed), a. Like a flung' 2 (dung).' Preterit and past 'participle of 
^MM^AvVanjl rtw^nvi^rt /"_! A Sfll/t TT^ B - v e ' * r 
dunderhead or dunce. G. A. Sala. 
ding 1 . 
Many a dunderpate, like the owl, the stupidest of birds, 
dunderpate (dun'der-pat) n. [< dunder 1 (see dung a ree (dung-ga-re'), n. [Anglo-Ind., low, 
dunderhead) + pate.] Same as dunderhead. CO mmon, vulgar.]" A coarse cotton stuff, gen- 
erally blue, worn by sailors. 
The crew have all turned tailors, and are making them 
comes to be considered the very type of wisdom. 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 148. 
dunderpoll (dun'der-pol), n. [< dunder 1 (see 
dunderhead) + poll 1 .] Same as dunderhead. 
HalHwett. [Prov. Eng. (Devonshire).] 
dunder-whelp (dun'der-hwelp), . [< dunder 1 
(see dunderhead) + whelp.] A dunderhead; 
a blockhead. 
What a purblind puppy was I ! now I remember him ; 
All the whole cast on 's face, though it were umber'd, 
And inask'd with patches : what a dunder-whelp, 
To let him domineer thus ! 
Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1. 
dun-diver (dun'di"ver), n. 1. The female mer- 
ganser or goosander, Mergus merganser: so 
called from the dun or brown head. 2. The 
ruddy duck, Erismatura rubida. [New York, 
U.S.] J. E. De Kay, 1844. 
lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill. 
1 Sam. ii. 8. 
(c) A man meanly born : a term of abuse. 
Out, dunghill ! dar'st thou brave a nobleman? 
Shak., K. John, iv. 3. 
II. a. Sprung from the dunghill; mean; 
low; base. 
Unfit are dunghill knights 
To serve the town with spear in field. Googe. 
You must not suffer your thoughts to creep any longer 
upon this dunghill earth. 
Bp. Beveridge, Works, II. cxxxvii. 
Dunghill fowl, a mongrel or cross-bred specimen of the 
common hen ; a barn-yard fowl. 
ew suits from some dungaree we bought ~at Vai- dunghill-raker (dung'hil-ra"ker), n. The com- 
mon dunghill fowl. [A nonce-word.] 
The dunghill-raker, spider, hen, the chicken too, to me 
have taught a lesson. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, ii. 
which a small proportion of cows' or pigs' dung, dung-hook (dung'huk), n. An agricultural im- 
or some substitute for it, has bee.n dissolved, plement for spreading manure, 
with a certain amount of chalk to remove the dung-hunter (dung'hun"ter), n. One of the 
i-- -_!j /! ii__ :_i_j * :~i a~ species of jaeger or skua-gull, of the genus iS'ter- 
paraiso. Lady Brassey, Voyage of Sunbeam, I. xii. 
dung-bath (dung'bath), n. In dyeing, a bath 
used in mordanting, composed of, water in 
See 
acetic acid from the printed material. 
dunging. 
dung-beetle (dung'be"tl),. 1. A common Eng- 
lish name of the dor or dor-beetle, Geotrypes 
stercorarius. 2. pi. A general name of the dunging (dung'ing), M." [Verbal n. of * 
group of scarabs or scarabaaoid beetles which In JC^M the mordanting of goods by 
roll up balls of dung ; the tumblebugs or dung- 1 ___ i L\.~ ---- 1, A.,,*~ untv. /-nriii/jV, 0^^^ 
chafers, aa the sacred beetle of the Egyptians. 
See cuts under Copris and Scarabceus. 
Dundubia (dun-du'bi-a), n. [NL. (Amyot and dung-bird (dung'berd), n. Same as dung-hunt- 
Serville, 1843) (so called from the resonant er. See badoch. [Prov. Eng.] 
drumming sound which these insects emit), < dung-chafer (dung'cha"f6r), n. A name given 
Hind. Skt. dundtibhi, a drum, < Hind, dund.] to various coleopterous insects of the family 
A remarkable genus of homopterous insects, Scarab(eidw, and especially of the genus Geo- 
containing the largest and most showy species trypcs, which frequent excrement for the pur- 
of the family Cicadidce, or cicadas. D. im- pose of depositing their eggs; a dung-beetle. 
peratoria is the largest hemipteran known, dungeon (dun'jun), . [Also archaically in 
expanding 8 inches, of a rich orange-color, and some senses donjon ; < ME. dongeon, dongcoun. 
corarius. The birds are so called from their supposed 
habits ; but in reality they harass other gulls and terns to 
make them disgorge their food, not to feed upon their ex- 
crement. Also called dung-bird and dirty-alien. 
[Verbal n. of dung*-, v.] 
-,-..., ng of goods by passing 
them through a dung-bath (which see). In mod- 
ern practice substitutes are used, 
dungiyah (dung'gi-ya), H. A coasting-vessel 
in use in the Persian gulf, on the coasts of 
Arabia, and especially in the gulf of Cutch. 
The dungiyahs sail with the monsoon, and arrive often in 
large companies at Muscat, celebrating their safe arrival 
with salvos of artillery, music, and flags. " <" *- 
is a native of Borneo. 
dune 1 (dun),. [Partly a dial. form( also dene) of 
down 1 , and partly < F. dune = Sp. Pg. It. duna, a 
dune, = G. diinc, a dune, = Dan. Sw. dyner, pi., 
< LG. iliinen, pi., = Fries, diinen (also duninge, 
diim) = D. duin, a dune, = E. down 1 , a hill : see 
, , They arc flat- 
bottomed and broad-beamed, have generally one mast, fre- 
quently longer than the vessel, and are in other respects 
rigged like the baggala. The model is supposed to date 
from the expedition of Alexander. 
dungmere (dung'mer), . A pit where dung, 
donqon. dongoun, donyon, donioun, etc., a dun- weeds, etc., are mixed, to rot together for ma- 
geon (in both uses), < OF. dongeon, dongon, nure. E.PhUlips,l706; HalHwett. [Prov. Eng.] 
donjon, etc., F. donjon = Pr. donjon, dompnhon, dungy (dung'i), a. [< dung + -y L . Ct. OMflJ^.J 
Full of dung; foul; vile. 
There's not a grain of it [honesty], the face to sweeten 
Of the whole dungy earth. Shak., W. 1., 11. 1. 
domejo (ML. reflex dunjo(n-), dungeo(n-), don- 
jio(n-), dangio(-), domgio(n-), etc.), < ML. 
do>nnio(n~), a dungeon (tower), eontr. from 
down 1 .] A mound, ridge, or hill of loose sand, and a particular use of ML. dominio(n-), do- (Jun<T.yard (dung'yard), n. A yard or inclosure 
heaped up by the wind on the sea-coast, or rare- main, dominion, possession: see dominion, do- w here dung is collected. 
ly on the shore of a large lake, as on Lake Su- main, demain, demesne.] 1. The principal tow- flunite (dun'it), n. [So called from Dun Moun- 
perior. Hills of loose sand at a distance from the coast, er of a medieval castle. It was usually raised on n t a j n near Nelson New Zealand.] A rock Con- 
or in the interior of a country, are sometimes called by mitural or artificial mound and situated in the innermost :-'__ psupiitiallvof a crystalline cranular mass 
trench authors dunes; but this is not the usage in Eng- court or bailey, and formed a last refuge into which the ! '"j "' MJI & 
liah. Also doom. gan-ison could retreat in case of necessity. Its lower or of ohvin With chromite or picotite, containing 
