duodenal 
II. n. In musical theory, the symbol of the 
root of a duodene. 
duodenary (du-o-den'a-ri), a. [= F. duodi'iiairc 
= Sp. Pg. It. du'odenario, < L. duodenaritis, con- 
taining twelve, < diiodeiii, twelve each, < duo- 
decim, twelve.] Relating to the number twelve ; 
twelvefold; increasing by twelves. Duodenary 
or duodecimal arithmetic or scale, that system in 
which the local value of the figures increases in a twelve- 
fold proportion from right to left, instead of in the ten- 
fold proportion of the common decimal arithmetic. 
duodene (du'o-den), n. [< L. duodeni, twelve 
each: see duodenary. Cf. duodenum.] In mu- 
sical theory, a group of twelve tones, having pre- 
cise acoustical relations with one another, ar- 
ranged so as to explain and correct problems in 
harmony and modulation. Any tone whatever may 
be chosen as the root, and its symbol is called a duodenal. 
The root, the major third above, and the major third be- 
low it constitute the initial trine. The duodene consists 
of four such trines, one being the initial trine, one a per- 
fect fifth below it, one a perfect fifth above it, and one 
two perfect fifths above it. The term and the process of 
analysis to which it belongs were first used by A. J. Ellis 
in England in 1874. The study of the process is incident 
to the attempt to secure just intonation (pure tempera- 
ment) on keyed instruments of fixed pitch. 
duodenitis (du*o-de-ni'tis), n. [NL., < duode- 
num + -itis.] Inflammation of the duodenum. 
duodenostomy (du"o-de-nos'to-mi), n. [< NL. 
duodenum, q. v., + Gr. croua, mouth, opening.] 
The surgical formation of an external opening 
from the duodenum through the abdominal 
wall. 
duodenum (du-o-de'num), n. ; pi. duodena (-na). 
[NL. (so called because in man it is about twelve 
finger-breadths long)/ L. duodeni, twelve each: 
see duodenary, ,] 1. In aiiat., the first portion 
of the small intestine, in immediate connection 
with the stomach, receiving the hepatic and 
pancreatic secretions, and usually curved or 
folded about the pancreas. It extends from the 
pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. In man it is 
from 10 to 12 inches in length. See cuts under alimentary 
and intestine. 
2. In entom., a short smooth portion of the in- 
testine, between the ventricmus and the ileum, 
found in a few coleopterous insects. Some en- 
tomotomists, however, apply this name to the 
ventriculus. 
duodrama (du-o-dra'ma), . [= F. duodrame = 
It.duodramma,'<~L. duo','i,wo(=Qi.Siio = 'E. two), 
+ Gr. Spa/na, a drama : see drama.] A dramatic 
or melodramatic piece for two performers only. 
duoliteral (du-o-lit'er-al), a. [< L. duo, = E. 
two, + literal: see literal, letter*.] Consisting 
of two letters only ; biliteral. 
duologue (dii'o-log), n. [< L. duo, two (= Gr. 
6iio = E. two), + Gr. Uyoc, speech. Cf. mono- 
logue, dialogue.] A dialogue or piece spoken 
by two persons. 
Mr. Ernest Warren's duologue " The Nettle " is simple 
pretty, and effective. Athenaeum, No. 3077. 
I do not feel that I shall be departing from the rule I 
prescribed to myself at the commencement of this paper, 
if I touch upon the duologue entertainments. 
Fortnightly Rev., N. 8., XXXIX. 644. 
duomo (dwo'mo), n. [It., a dome, cathedral: 
see dome*.] A cathedral; properly, an Italian 
cathedral. See domel. 
Bright vignettes, and each complete, 
Of tower or duomo, sunny-sweet. 
Tennyson, The Daisy. 
The bishop is said to have decorated the duomo with 
600 large and 200 small columns brought from Paros for 
the purpose. 
C. C. Perkins, Italian Sculpture, Int., p. xxxv., note. 
dupt (dup), v. t. [Contr. of dial, do up, open, < 
ME. do up, don up, open : see do 1 , and cf . don 1 
doff, douft.] To open. 
What Devell ! iche weene, the porters are drunke : wil 
they not dup the gate to-day? 
R. Edwards, Damon and Pythias. 
Then up he rose and donu'd his clothes, 
And dupp'd the chamber door. 
Shale., Hamlet, iv. 6. 
dupability (du-pa-birj-ti), n. [Also written, 
less reg., , dupeability ; < dupable: see -Mlity.] 
The quality of being dupable ; gullibility. " 
But this poor Napoleon mistook ; he believed too much 
in the dupability of men. Carlyle. 
dupable (du'pa-bl), a. [Also written, less reg., 
dupeable; < dupe + -able.] Capable of being 
duped; gullible. 
Man is a tlitjiaWe animal. Soulheij, The Doctor, Ixxxvii. 
duparted (du'piir-ted), . [< L. duo, = E. two, 
+ parted.] In lier., same as biparted. 
dupe (dup), n. [< F. dupe, a dupe, < OF. dupe, 
dup/ie, F. dial, dube, duppe, a hoopoe, a bird re- 
garded as stupid : see noopoe and Upupa. For 
similar examples of the application of the names 
1800 
of (supposed) stupid birds to stupid persons, cf . 
booby, goose, gull, and (in Pg.) dodo. Cf. Bret. 
liouperik, a hoopoe, a dupe.] A person who is 
deceived ; one who is led astray by false repre- 
sentations or conceptions; a victim of credu- 
lity: as, thedupe^ of a designing rogue; he is a 
dupe to his imagination. 
First slave to words, then vassal to a name, 
Then dupe to party ; child and man the same. 
Pope, Dunciad, iv. 502. 
He that hates truth shall be the dupe of lies. 
Confer, Progress of Error. 
When the spirit is not masterof the world, then it is its 
dupe. Emerson, Essays, 1st ser., p. 229. 
dupe (dup), r. /. ; pret. and pp. duped, ppr. 
duping. [< F. duper, dupe, gull, take in; from 
the noun.] To deceive; trick; mislead by im- 
posing on one's credulity : as, to dupe a person 
by flattery. 
Ne'er have I duped him with base counterfeits. 
Coleridge. 
Instead of making civilization the friend of the poor, it 
[the theory of social equality] has duped the poor into 
making themselves the enemies of civilization. 
IF. //. Mattock, Social Equality, p. 211. 
dupeability, dupeable. See dupability, dupa- 
ble. 
duper (du'per), n. [< dupe + -er l ; after OF. 
(and F.) dupeur, a deceiver.] One who dupes or 
deceives ; a cheat ; a swindler. 
The race-ground had its customary complement of 
knaves and fools the dupers and the duped. 
Bulwer, Pelham, I. xii. 
dupery (du'per-i), . [< F. duperie, < dupe, a 
dupe : see dupe, n.] The art of deceiving or 
imposing upon the credulity of others ; the ways 
or methods of a duper. 
Travelling from town to town in the full practice of du- 
pery and wheedling. I. D' Israeli, Amen, of Lit., I. 304. 
It might be hard to see an end to the inquiry were we 
once to set diligently to work to examine and set forth 
how much innocent dupery we habitually practise upon 
ourselves in the region of metaphysics. 
Maudsley, Body and Will, p. 23. 
dupion. doupion (du'-, do'pi-on), n. [< F. dou- 
ion, < It. doppione, aug. of doppio, double, < 
. duplus, double: see double, and also dou- 
bloon and dobrao, doublets of dupion.] 1. A 
double cocoon formed by two silkworms spin- 
ning together. 2. The coarse silk furnished 
by such double cocoons. 
duplation (du-pla'shqn), n. [< L. duplus, dou- 
ble, + -ation.] Multiplication by two; dou- 
bling. 
duple (du'pl), a. [= Sp. Pg. It. duplo, < L. du- 
plus, double : see double, the old form.] Dou- 
ble. [Rare in general use.] 
A competent defence of Illyricum was upon a two-fold 
reason established, the duple greatnesse of which busi- 
ness the emperor having taken in hand affected both. 
Holland, tr. of Ammianus, p. 101. 
Duple ratio, a ratio such as that of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, etc. 
Subduple ratio is the reverse, or as 1 to 2, 4 to 8, etc. 
Duple rhythm, in mime, a rhythm characterized by two 
beats or pulses to the measure ; double time. 
duple (du'pl), v. t. ; pret. and pp. dupled, ppr. 
dupling. [< duple, a.] To double. [Rare.] 
duplet (du'plet), n. [< L. duplus, double, + E. 
dim. -et.] A doublet. [Rare.] 
That is to throw three dice till duplets and a chance be 
thrown, and the highest duplet wins. 
Dryden, Hock Astrologer, iii. 
duplex (du'pleks), a. and n. [< L. duplex, dou- 
ble, twofold, < duo, = E. two, +plicare, fold.] I. 
a. Double; twofold. Specifically applied in electricity 
to a system of telegraphy in which two messages are trans- 
mitted at the same time over a single wire : it includes 
both diplcx and contraplex. See these words. Duplex 
escapement of a watch. See escapement. Duplex 
idea, lathe, pelitti. See the nouns. Duplex querela 
(eccles.), a double quarrel (which see, under quarrel). 
II, n. A doubling or duplicating. 
duplex (du'pleks), v. [< duplex, a.] I. trans. 
In teleg., to arrange (a wire) so that two mes- 
sages may be transmitted along it at the same 
time. 
Four perfectly independent wires were practically cre- 
ated. . . . Each of these wires was also duplexed. 
G. B. Prescott, Elect. Invent., p. 219. 
II. ill trans. To transmit telegraphic messages 
by the duplex system. 
duplicate (du'pli-kat), v. ; pret. and pp. dupli- 
cated, ppr. duplicating. [< L. duplicatus, pp. of 
duplicare, make double, < duplex (duplic-), dou- 
ble, twofold: see duplex. Cf. double, r.] I. 
trans. 1. To double; repeat; produce a second 
(like the first) ; make a copy or copies of. 
Whereof perhaps one reason is, because there is shewn 
in this a duplicated power: a contrary stream of power 
running across and thwart, in its effects in this. 
Goodwin, Works, III. i. 658. 
duplication 
2. In physiol., to divide into two by natural 
growth or spontaneous division: as, some in- 
fusorians duplicate themselves. 
II. intrans. To become double ; repeat or be 
repeated ; specifically, in ecclesiastical use, to 
celebrate the mass or holy communion twice in 
the same day. See duplication. 
The desires of man, if they pass through an even and in- 
different life towards the issues of an ordinary and neces- 
sary course, they are little, and within command ; but if 
they pass upon an end or aim of difficulty or ambition, 
they duplicate, and grow to a disturbance. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 104. 
If the Priest has to duplicate, i. e., to celebrate twice in 
one day, he must not drink the ablutions, which must be 
poured into a chalice and left for him to consume at the 
second celebration. For to drink the ablutions would be 
to break his fast. 
F. G. Lee, Directorium Anglicanum, 4th ed. (1879), p. 248. 
duplicate (du'pli-kat), . and n. [= It. dupli- 
cato = D. diiplikaat = G. Dan. duplikat, <L. 
duplicates, pp. of duplicare, make double: see 
duplicate, v.] I. a. 1. Double; twofold; con- 
sisting of or relating to a pair or pairs ; or to two 
corresponding parts: as, duplicate spines in an 
insect; duplicate examples of an ancient coin; 
duplicate proportion. 2f. Consisting of a dou- 
ble number or quantity; multiplied by two. 
The estates of Bruges little doubted to admit so small a 
numbre into so populous a company, yea though the num- 
bre were duplicate. Hall, Hen. VII., an. 5. 
3. Exactly like or corresponding to something 
made or done before; repeating an original; 
matched: as, there are many duplicate copies 
of this picture; a duplicate action or proceed- 
ing. Duplicate proportion or ratio, the proportion 
or ratio of squares : thus, in geometrical proportion, the 
first term is said to be to the third in the duplicate ratio of 
the first to the second, or as its square is to the square of 
the second. Thus, in 9 : 15 : : 15 : 25, the ratio of 9 to 25 is 
a duplicate of that of 9 to 15, or as the square of 9 is to 
the square of 15 ; also, the duplicate ratio of a to & is the 
ratio of a a to 6 6 or of a2 to (Si. 
II. n. 1. One of two or more things corre- 
sponding in every respect to each other. 
Of all these he [ Vertue] made various sketches and notes, 
always presenting a duplicate of his observations to Lord 
Oxford. Walpole, Life of Vertue. 
Specifically, in law and com.: (a) An instrument or writ- 
ing corresponding in every particular to a first or original 
and of equal validity with it ; an additional original. 
Duplicates of dispatches and of important letters are 
frequently sent by another conveyance, as a precaution 
against the risk of a miscarriage. The copy which first 
reaches its destination is treated as an original. Wharton. 
In the case of mutual contracts, such as leases, contracts 
of marriage, copartnership, and the like, duplicates of the 
deed are frequently prepared, each of which is signed by 
all the contracting parties; and, where this is done, the 
parties are bound if one of the duplicates be regularly ex- 
ecuted, although the other should be defective in the ne- 
cessary solemnities. Bell. 
(b) A second copy of a document, furnished by authority 
when the original has been lost, defaced, or invalidated. 
2. One of two or more things each of which 
corresponds in all essential respects to an origi- 
nal, type, or pattern ; another corresponding to 
a first or original ; another of the same kind ; a 
copy: as, a duplicate of a bust. 
Many duplicates of the General's wagon stand about the 
church in every direction. 
W. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 72. 
duplication (du-pli-ka'shqn), n. [= F. dupli- 
cation = Pr. duplicatio = Sp. duplicacion = Pg. 
duplicaq Ho = It. duplicazione, < L. duplicatio(n-), 
< duplicare, pp. duplicatus, double : see dupli- 
cate, v.] 1. The act of duplicating, or of mak- 
ing or repeating something essentially the same 
as something previously existing or done. 
However, if two sheriffs appear in one year (as at this 
time and frequently hereafter), such duplication coineth 
to pass by one of these accidents. 
Fuller, Worthies, Berkshire. 
2. In arith., the multiplication of a number by 
two. 3. A folding; a doubling; also, a fold: as, 
the duplication of a membrane. 4. InpJiysiol., 
the act or process of dividing into two by natural 
growth or spontaneous division. 5. in music, 
the process or act of adding the upper or lower 
octaves or replicates to the tones of a melody or 
harmony. See double, n.&ndi: 6. Inbot., same 
as chorisis. 7. In admiralty line, a pleading on 
the part of the defendant in reply to the replica- 
tion. Benedict. [Rare.] 8. Eccles., the cele- 
bration of the mass or eucharist twice by the 
same priest on the same day. From the sixth cen- 
tury to the thirteenth, duplication was in many places 
not an unusual practice on a number of days. Since the 
fourteenth century it has been forbidden in the Roman 
Catholic Church except on Christmas day. In the medi- 
eval church in England it was allowed on Easter day 
also. The Greek Church does not permit duplication. 
Duplication formula, in math., a formula for obtain- 
