duplication 
Ing the sine, etc., of the dmil.Ie ol un angle from the 
functions of the angle Itself. Problem of the duplica- 
tion, or duplication of the cube, in <//'.. tin problem 
to determine the side of a mbe which shall have double 
the Soli. I tents of II uivelieuhc. The' problem ise.niiv 
Blent to Illlilin- the elllpr root of 2, which is neither ra 
tlonal nor rationally expressible In terms of square roots 
of Integers ; ' ..n^ <|ii< nily neither an exact numerical so- 
lution nor an exact construction with a rule and compass 
is possible. Also called Hie /'/mil problem. 
There r< -11111111 yet some other pages of Mr. Hobbes'sdia 
lo'^ne. wherein he speaks of ... the duplication of the 
GWk . and the quadrature of the circle. 
Jliiul,; Works, I. 234. 
The altar of Apollo at Athens was a square block, or 
cube, and to double It required the duplication <tf the cube. 
D. Webtttr, Speech, Mechanics' Inst., Nov. 12, 1828. 
duplicative (du'pli-kii-tiv), . [= F. duplica- 
tij ; as ilii/ilii-ntr + -iri.\ I laving the quality of 
duplicating or doubling; especially, injiliy.tiul.. 
having the quality of duplicating or dividing 
into two by natural growth or spontaneous di- 
vision. 
In the lowest forms of Vegetable life, the primordial 
K'Tin multiplies itself by duplicative subdivision into an 
apparently unlimited number of cells. 
II'. /;. Carpenter, in Grove's Corr. of Forces. 
duplicatopectinate (du-pli-ka-to-pek ' ti-nat) , 
a. [< duplicate + pectinate.'] In entom., hav- 
ing the branches of bipectinate antennw on 
each side alternately long and short. 
duplicature (du'pli-kit-tur), n. [= P. duplica- 
titri = It. itiipliciititra, < L. as if "duplicatura, 
< duplicare, pp. duplicates, double: see dupli- 
cate, v.] A doubling; a fold or folding ; a du- 
plication: as, a duplicature of the peritoneum. 
The kidneys and bladder are contained in a distinct du- 
plicature of that membrane [the peritoneum], being there* 
by partitioned off from the other contents of the abdo- 
men. Paley, Nat. Theol., xi. 
duplicidentate (du'pli-si-den'tat), a. [< NL. 
diil>licidentatus, < L. duplex (duplic-), double, + 
dentatus = E. toothed: see dentate.'] Of or 
pertaining to the Duplicidentati ; having four 
upper incisors, two of which are much smaller 
than and situated behind the other two, of 
which they thus appear like duplicates, as in 
the hare, rabbit, or pika. Coues. 
Duplicidentati (du*pli-si-den-ta'ti), n. pi. 
[NL. (sc. Glires), orig. Duplicidentata (sc. Ro- 
dentia, Illiger, 1811); pi. of duplicidcntatits : see 
duplicidentate.'] A primp division of the order 
Rodentia or Glires, containing those rodents, as 
the hares and pikas, which have four upper 
front teeth that is, twice as many as ordinary 
rodents, or Simplicidentati. The group consists 
of the families Leporidae and Lagomyidte. E. U. 
Alston. 
duplicity (du-plis'i-ti), K. [< ME. duplicate, < 
OF. duplicite, F. duplicite = Sp. duplicidad = 
Pg. duplicidade = It. duplicita, < .LL. duplici- 
ta(t-)s, doubleness, ML. ambiguity, < L. duplex 
(duplic-), twofold, double : see duplex.'] 1. The 
state of being double ; doubleness. [Bare.] 
They neither acknowledge a multitude of unmade dei- 
ties, nor yet that duplicity of them which Plutarch con- 
tended for (one good and the other evil). 
Cudworth, Intellectual System, p. 231. 
These intermediate examples need not in the least con- 
fuse our generally distinct ideas of the two families of 
buildings ; the one in which the substance is alike through- 
out, and the forms and conditions of the ornament as- 
sume or prove that it is so ; ... and the other, in which 
the substance is of two kinds, one internal, the other ex- 
ternal, and the system of decoration is founded on this 
duplicity, as pre-eminently in St. Mark's. I have used 
the word duplicity iu no depreciatory sense. Ruxkin. 
A star in the Northern Crown, . . . (ij Corona)), was 
found to have completed more than one entire circuit 
since its first discovery ; another, r Serpentarii, had closed 
up into apparent singleness ; while in a third, < Orionis, 
the converse change had taken place, and deceptive sin- 
gleness had been transformed into obvious duplicity. 
A. M. Clerke, Astron. in 19th Cent., p. 68. 
2. Doubleness of heart or speech ; the acting 
or speaking differently in relation to the same 
thing at different times or to different persons, 
with intention to deceive ; the practice of de- 
ception by means of dissimulation or double- 
dealing. 
And shall we even now. whilst we are yet iniurtlngfrom 
tile consequence* of hrr treachery, become u second time 
the nood easy dupes of her itni- 
Anecdotes of Up. Watmn, I. 273. 
I think the student of their character should also he slow 
to upbraid Italians for their duiiliritii. without admitting, 
in palliation of the faults, facts of long ages of alien and 
domestic pi>iv.s-.in, in politics and reliuion. 
linn;-//*. Venetian Life, xxi. 
3. In lair, the pleading of two or more dis- 
tinct matters together as if constituting but 
one. = Syn. 2. Uuile, deception, hypocrisy, urtitlce, chi- 
canery. 
1801 
duplo- (du'plo). [< . L. duplitx, double : see dov- 
l>li .] A prefix signifying 'twofold' or 'twice as 
much ' : as, duplo-carburet, twofold carburet, 
It. dn/ilirare, < ML. duplirarr, put in a rebutter, 
make a second reply, L. duplicare, double : see 
i/ii/ilicate, a.] In Scots law, a second reply: a 
pleading formerly in use in inferior courts. 
Answers, replies, dupliei, triplies, imadruplles, followed 
tiiiek upon each other. Scott, Abbot, f. 
dupondius (du-pon'di-us), . ; pi. du2>ondii (-1). 
[L., also diipondium, dipoitdium, < duo, = E. tiro, 
+ pondus, a weight, < pendere, weigh: see 
pound 1 .] A Roman bronze coin, of the value 
Obverse. Reverse. 
Dupondius of Augustus. British Museum. (Size of the original-! 
of 2 asses (see a* 4 ), issued by Augustus and 
some of his successors: popularly called by 
coin-collectors "second brass," to distinguish 
it from the sestertius, the " first brass" Roman 
coin. 
dupper (dup'er), n. Same as dubber^. 
Dupuytren s contraction. See contraction. 
dur (dor), n. [= G. Dan. Sw. dur, < L. durus, 
hard.] In music, major: as, C dur, or C major. 
dura (du'ra), . [NL., fern, of L. durus, hard: 
see dare."]" 1. Same as duramen. 2. The dura 
mater (which see). Wilder and Gage. 
durability (du-ra-bil'i-ti), n. [= Dan. Sw. du- 
rabilitet, <F. durabilite(OF. dureblete) = Pr. du- 
rabletat = Pg. durabilidade = It. durabilita, < 
LL. durabilita(t-)s, < L. durabilis, durable: see 
durable.'] The quality of being durable; the 
power of lasting or continuing in the same 
state by resistance to causes of decay or disso- 
lution. 
A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds 
by its size, its height, . . . its antiquity, and its durability. 
H. Blair, Rhetoric, iii. 
durable (du'ra-bl), a. [= D. Dan. Sw. durabel, 
< F. durable = Pr. Sp. durable = Pg. duravel = 
It. durabile, < L. durabilis, lasting, < durare, last, 
< durus, hard, lasting : see dure, v.] Having the 
quality of lasting, or continuing long in being; 
not perishable or changeable: lasting; endur- 
ing: as, durable timber; durable cloth; durable 
happiness. 
The monuments of wit and learning are more durable 
than the monuments of power, or of the hands. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 101. 
They might take vp their Crosse, and follow the second 
Adam vnto a durable happinesse. 
Purchat, Pilgrimage, p. 28. 
For time, though in eternity, applied 
To motion, measures all things durable. 
durante beneplacito 
and spinal cord ; a dense, tough, glistening 
fibrous membrane which lines the interior of the 
brain-case, but in the spinal column is sepa- 
rated from the periosteum lining the vertebras 
by a space filled with loose areolar tissue, in 
the skull it envelops the brain, but does not send down 
processes into the fissures. It forms, however, some main 
folds, as the vertical falcate sheet or falx cerebrl between 
the hemispheres of the cerebrum, and the tentorinm or 
horizontal sheet between the cerebrum and the cerebel- 
lum. Sundry venous channels between layers of the dura 
mater are the sinuses of the brain. The term itura mater 
is contrasted with pia mater, both these meninges lielng 
so named from an old fanciful notion that they were the 
" mothers," or at least the nurses, of the contained parts. 
duramen (du-ra'men), n. [NL., < L. duramen, 
hardness, also applied to a ligneous vine-branch, 
< durare, harden, < durus, hard: see dure.] In 
bot., the central wood or heart-wood in the trunk 
of an exogenous tree. It is harder and more solid 
than the newer wood that surrounds it, from the forma- 
tion of secondary layers of cellulose In the wood-cells. It 
is also usually of a deeper color, owing to the presence of 
peculiar coloring matters. Called by ship-carpenters the 
spine. See alburnum. Also dura. 
The inner layers of wood, being not only the oldest, hut 
the most solidified by matters deposited within their com- 
ponent cells and vessels, are spoken of collectively under 
the designation duramen or "heart- wood." 
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., I 3CH. 
durance (du'rans), n. [Early mod. E. also du- 
raunce, duransc; < OF. durance = Sp. duranza 
= It. duranza, < ML. as if "durantia, < L. du- 
ran(t-)s, ppr. of durare, last : see dure, v. In E. 
durance is prob. in part an abbr. by apheresis of 
endurance, q. v.] 1. Duration; continuance; 
endurance. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
Loe ! I have made a Calender for every yeare, 
That steele in strength, and time in durance, shall out- 
weare. Spenter, .Shep. Cal., Epil. 
An antique kind of work, composed of little square pieces 
of marble, gilded and coloured, . . . which set together 
. . . present an unexpressible statelinesse ; and are of 
marvellous durance. Sandyt, Travailes, p. 24. 
Of how short durance was this new made state 1 
Dryden, State of Innocence, v. 1. 
The durance of a granite ledge. 
Emerson, Astrcea. 
By present, past, and future. 
Milton, P. L., v. 881. 
The very susceptibility that makes him quick to feel 
makes him also incapable of deep and durable feeling. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 364. 
= Syn. Permanent, Stable, etc. (see lotting), abiding, con- 
tinuing, linn, strong, tough. 
durableness (du'ra-bl-nes), n. The quality of 
being lasting or enduring ; durability : as, the 
durableness of honest fame. 
As for the timber of the walnut-tree, it may be termed 
an English shittim-wood for the fineness, smoothness, and 
durableness thereof. fuller, Worthies, Surrey. 
The durableness of metals is the foundation of this ex- 
- traordinary steadiness of price. 
Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, L 11. 
durably (du'ra-bli), adv. In a lasting manner; 
with long continuance. 
An error in physical speculations Is seldom productive 
of such consequences, either to one's neighbour or one's 
self, as are deeply, durably, or extensively injurious. 
V. Knox, Essays, 1. 
dural (du'ral), a. [< dura (mater) + -al.] Of 
or pertaining to the dura mater. 
The dural vessels were well injected externally and In- 
ternally. Medical Xetn, III. 430. 
dura mater (ilu'rii ma'ter). [NL. : L. dura, 
fern, of durus, hard; mater, mother: see durr, 
mother, and of. dura.] The outermost membra- 
nous envelop or external meninx of the brain 
2. Imprisonment ; restraint of the person ; in- 
voluntary confinement of any kind. 
What bootes it him from death to l>e unlwwnd, 
To be captived in endlesse duraunce 
Of sorrow and despeyre without aleggeauuce? 
Spenter, t'. ()., III. v. 42. 
They [the Flemmings] put their Lord in Prison, till with 
long Durance he at last consented. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 122. 
I give thee thy liberty, set thee from durance. 
Shak., L. L. L., iii. 1. 
In durance vile here must I wake and weep. 
;;..,.. Epistle from Esopus to Maria. 
3f. Any material supposed to be of remarkable 
durability, as buff-leather ; especially, a strong 
cloth made to replace and partly to imitate 
buff-leather; a variety of tammy. Sometimes 
written durant, and also called everlasting. 
Your mincing nlceries durance petticoats, and silver 
bodkins. 
Marston, Jonton, and Chapman, Eastward Ho, i. 1. 
As the taylor that out of seven yards stole one and a 
half of durance. R. WiUon, Three Ladies of London. 
Is not a buff -jerkin a most sweet robe of durance! 
Shot., 1 Hen. IV., L 2. 
4. A kind of apple. 
durancyt,". [Assurance.] Continuance; last- 
ingness; durance. 
The souls ever durancy I sung before, 
Ystruck with mighty rage. 
Dr. It. More, Sleep of the Soul, 1 1. 
durangite (du-ran'jit), n. [< Duranqo (see def.) 
+ -ite%.] A fluo-arsenate of aluminium, iron, 
and sodium, occurring in orange-red monoclinic 
crystals, associated with cassiterite (tin-stone), 
at Durango, Mexico. 
duranset, n. An obsolete form of durance. 
durantt (du'rant), . [< It. durante, & kind of 
strong cloth, <I L. duran(t-)s, lasting, ppr. of 
durare, last: see dure, r.] Same as durance, 3. 
Duranta (du-ran'ta), n. [NL., named after 
Castor Durante, an Italian physician (died 
1590).] A genus of verbenaceous shrubs of 
tropical America, bearing a great profusion of 
blue flowers in racemes. D. Plumieri is found 
in greenhouses. 
durante beneplacito (du-ran'te be-ne-plas'i- 
to). [ML. NL. : L. durante, abl. of duran(t-)g, 
during, ppr. of durare, last, dure (see dure, r., 
and during); LL. beneplacito, abl. of benepla- 
citum, good pleasure, neut. of beneplacitus, pp. 
of beneplacerc, bene placere, please well : see oe- 
neplacit,] During good pleasure. 
