Dutch 
forms after O.) (ML. th/n/liticiia, tlifotinfiin, first 
in llin !)th century), German. Teutonic, lit. be- 
longing to the people, popular, national (sup- 
posed to have boon first applied to the 'popular' 
or national language, German, in distinction 
from flu) literary and church language, Latin, 
and from the neighboring Romance tongues), 
being orig. = Goth, "l/iiiiilixl,-.^ (in mlv. tluiiiiixl;n. 
translating Gr. eOvmui;, adv. of tfotubf, national, 
also foreign, gentile) = AS. thcodisc, n., a lan- 
guage, < Goth. Ihiniln = AS. tlieod = OS. thioil, 
/liiiidd, lliiiH/n = OFries. thiade = OD. diet = 
011(1. ilioln, dint, MHG. diet, people, = Icel. 
tlijiiilli, nation, = Lett, tauta, people, nation, = 
Lith. tiiutii, country, = Ir. tun tit, people, = Oscan 
touto, people (cf. uti-ildis /<(<* (Livy), the chief 
magistrate of the Campanian towns: meddix, 
iiK'ilijc, a magistrate) ; cf. Skt. / tu, grow, be 
strong. This noun (Goth, thiuda, OHG. diot, 
etc.) appears in several proper names, as in 
AS. Tkeodric, G. Dietrich, D. Dierrijk, whence E. 
1>< rrick, giving name to the mechanical con- 
trivance so called : see derrick. The word Dutch 
came into E. directly from the MD., but it is 
also partly due to the G. form.] I. a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to the Teutonic or German race, in- 
cluding the Low German (Low Dutch) and the 
High German (High Dutch). See II. Specifi- 
cally ~. Of or pertaining to the Low Germans 
or to their language, particularly to the inhabi- 
tants of Holland ; Hpllandish; Netherlandish: 
formerly called specifically Low Dutch. 
Light pretexts drew me ; sometimes a Dutch love 
For tulipa. Tennyson, Gardener's Daughter. 
The word Dutch in this sense came to have in several 
phrases an opprobrious or humorous application, perhaps 
due in part to the animosity engendered by the long and 
severe contest for the supremacy of the seas waged by Eng- 
land and tile Netherlands in the seventeenth century. See 
l>ut<-h auction, courane, defense, etc. 
3. Of or pertaining to the High Germans or 
to their language : formerly called specifically 
High Dutch. Dutch auction, an auction at which the 
auctioneer starts with a high price, and comes down till 
he meets with a bidder ; a mock auction. Dutch bar- 
gain. See bargain. Dutch bricks. See brick'*. Dutch 
cheese. See cheese!. Dutch clover. See II., 7. Dutch 
collar, a horse-collar. Dutch concert. Sec concert. 
Dutch courage, artificial courage ; boldness inspired by 
intoxicating spirits. 
Pull away at the usquebaugh, man, and swallow Dutch 
courage, since thine English is oozed away. 
Kinysley, Westward Ho, xi. 
Dutch cousins, Intimate friends : a humorous perversion 
of aerinan cousins or conning german. Dutch defense, 
a sham defense. 
I am afraid Mr. Jones maintained a kind of Dutch de- 
fence, and treacherously delivered up the garrison without 
duly weighing his allegiance to the fair Sophia. 
Fielding, Tom Jones, ix. 5. 
Dutch foil. See /otfi. Dutch gleek, drink : a jocular 
allusion to the game of gleek : as if tippling were the 
favorite game of Dutchmen. Nares. 
Nor could be partaker of any of the good cheer, except 
it were the liquid part of it, which they call Dutch gleek, 
where he plaied his cards so well, and vied and revied so 
often, that he had scarce an eye to see withal. 
Qaytvn, N"ots on Don Quixote, p. 90. 
Dutch gold. See Dutch inetal. Dutch lace, a thick and 
not very open lace, like a coarse Valenciennes lace, made in 
the Netherlands, generally by the peasants. Dutch leaf. 
See Dutch metal. Dutch liquid (so named because first 
made by an association of Dutch chemists), a Him. oily li- 
quid, insoluble in water, having a pleasant, sweetish smell 
and taste. It is a definite compound, ethylene dichlorid 
(CoH.CU), formed by mixing ethyleno or olenant gas and 
chlorin. It also occurs as a by-product in the manufac- 
ture of chloral. Dutch metal, one of the alloys used as 
a cheap imitation of gold, and sold in the form of leaves, 
called Dutch leaf or leaf-gold. It is a kind of brass, con- 
taining It parts of copper to 2 of zinc, and is one of the 
most malleable of alloys. It is cast in thin plates and then 
rolled, and afterward beaten into very thin leaves. It is 
used in bookbinding. Dutch myrtle, oven, pink. See 
the nouns. Dutch pina. See pin. Dutch roller, rush. 
See the nouns. Dutch school, the name applied to a 
peculiar style of painting which attained its highest de- 
velopment in the Netherlands, characterized by the se- 
lection of subjects of a low or commonplace character, as 
boors drinking, butchers' shops, the materials of the lard- 
er, etc., but raised to tin- highest popularity by admirable 
imitation and general perfection of execution. Rem- 
linm.lt, Brouwer, Ostade, and Jan Steen are among the 
best-known masters of this peculiar school. Dutch 
syrup. See thi' extract. 
A kind of syrup called colonial-synip or Dutch-syrup is 
brimiiht into commerce from those colonies where sugar 
is manufactured from sugar-cane. 
Thautting, Beer (trans.), p. 217. 
Dutch talent (naut.), any piece of nautical work which, 
while it may answer the purpose, and even show a certain 
ingenuity, is not done in clever, shipshape style: iletiiicit 
by sailors as "main stn-nuth ami stupidity." Dutch tile. 
See (id-. DUtCh White. See irhile. Dutch Wife, an 
open frame of ratan or cane, used in hot weather in the 
Dutch East Indies and other tropical countries to rest 
tile arms and legs upon while in bed. To talk like a 
Dutch uncle, to talk with great but kindly severity and 
directness, us if with the authority and unsparing frank- 
ness of an uncle from whom oue has expectations. 
1805 
Milvertnn . . . began reasoning with the boys, talking 
to them liken Dutch n nrlf (I ler what that expression 
means) about their cruelty. 
///;',.-, Animalg and their Masters, p. 131. 
II. H. 1. The Teutonic or Germanic race; 
the German peoples generally : used as a plu- 
ral. Specifically 2. The Low Germans, par- 
ticularly the people of Holland, or the kingdom 
of the Netherlands; the Dutchmen; the Hol- 
landers: called specifically the Low Dutch: used 
as a plural. 3. The High Germans; the in- 
habitants of Germany; the Germans: formerly 
called specifically the High Dutch: used as a 
plural. 
Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war [the 
Crusades] at this first voyage ; and that other pilgrims, 
passing through that country, were mocked by the lint'-t,. 
ami railed fools for their pains. fuller. 
4f. The Teutonic or Germanic language, in- 
cluding all its forms. See 5, 6. 5. The lan- 
guage spoken in the Netherlands ; the Holland- 
ish language (which differs verv slightly from 
the Flemish, spoken in parts of the adjoining 
kingdom of Belgium) : called distinctively Low 
Dutch. 6. The language spoken by the Ger- 
mans ; German ; High German : formerly, and 
still occasionally (as in the United States, espe- 
cially where the two races are mingled), called 
distinctively High Dutch. 7f. The common 
white clover, Trifolium repens : an abbreviation 
of Dutch clover. 8. [Z. c.] A kind of linen tape. 
Pennsylvania Dutch, a mixed dialect, consisting of 
German intermingled with English, spoken by the de- 
scendants of the original German settlers of Pennsylvania. 
To beat the Dutch, to be very strange or surprising; 
excel anything liefore known or heard of : said of a state- 
ment, an occurrence, etc., usually in the form "That beats 
the Dutch." (Colloq., northern U. 8.) 
dutch (duch), v. t. [That is, to treat in Dutch 
fashion: in allusion to the fact that quills were 
first so prepared in Holland; < Dutch, a.] To 
clarify and harden by immersing in heated 
sand, as goose-quills. 
dutchesst, n. An obsolete spelling of duchess. 
Dutchman (duch'man), . ; pi. Dutchmen (-men). 
1. A member of the Dutch race ; a Hollander: 
in the United States often locally applied to 
Germans, and sometimes to Scandinavians. 
The Dutch man who sold him this Vessel told him with- 
al that the Government did not allow any such dealings 
with the English, tho they might wink at it. 
Dampier, Voyages, II. 1. 111. 
2. [I. c.] A wooden block or wedge used to hide 
the opening in a badly made joint. Flying Dutch- 
man, (a) A legendary Dutch captain who for some hei- 
nous offense was condemned to sail the sea, beating against 
head-winds, till the day of judgment. Legends diner as 
to the nature of his offense. According to one, a murder 
was committed on board his ship ; according to another, 
the captain swore a profane oath that he would weather 
the Cape of Good Hope, though it took him till the last 
day. It is said that he sometimes hails vessels with the 
request that they will take letters home for him. (b) The 
ship commanded by this captain. Harry Dutchman, 
the hooded crow, Corpus comix. [Local, Eng.] 
Dutchman' s-breeches (duch'manz-brich'ez), 
H. The plant Dicentra Cucullaria: so called 
from its broadly two-spurred flowers. [U. 8.] 
Dutchman' s-laudanum (duch ' manz - la ' da- 
num), n. Bullhoof, the flowers of which are 
used in Jamaica as a narcotic. 
Dutchraan's-pipe (duch 'manz -pip), n. Tho 
plant Aristolochia Sipho, a climber with broad 
handsome foliage: so called from the shape 
of the flowers. See cut under Aristolochia. 
[U. 8.] 
dutchyt, ft. An obsolete spelling of duchy. 
duteous (du'te-us), a. [< duty + -o-s(cf. beau- 
teous,^ beauty ' + -oits).] 1. Dutiful; obedient; 
subservient. [Rare.] 
As duteous to the vices of thy mistress 
As badness would desire. Shah., Lear, iv. 6. 
A duteous daughter and a sister kind. 
Dryden, On a Lady who Died at Bath. 
2. Pertaining to or required by duty. [Bare.] 
With mine own tongue deny my sacred state, 
With mine own breath release all duteous oaths. 
Shak., Rich. II., IT. 1. 
My ways and wishes, looks and thoughts, she knows, 
And duteous care by close attention shows. 
Crabbe, Works, V. 5i 
duteously (du'tp-us-li), adr. In a duteous man- 
ner. 
duteousness (du'te-us-nes), H. The quality of 
being duteous. 
If piety goes before, whatever iluteousncss or observance 
comes alterwanl-. it cannot easily be amiss. 
./ i . Taylor, Kule of Conscience, iii. 5. 
dutiable (du'ti-a-bl), a. [< duty + -able.'] Sub- 
ject to a customs duty: as, dutiable goods. 
dutied (du'tid). n. [< duty + -erP.] Subjected 
to duties or customs. [U. 8., and rare.] 
duty 
Breadstuff Is dutint so high in the market of Oreat 
Britain as in times of plenty to exclude it, and this is done 
from tile desire to favor her own fanners. 
. I i<-, Works, II. U. 
dutiful (du'ti-ful), n. [<d/i/ + -/ii(.] 1. Per- 
forming the duties required by social or legal 
obligations; obedient; submissive to natural 
or legal superiors ; obediently respectful : as, a 
dutiful son or daughter; a dutiful ward or ser- 
vant; a dutiful subject. 
The Queen beinn gone, the King said, I confess she hath 
lieen t mi tin- most dutiful and loving Wife that ever 
Prince had. Baker, Chronicles, p. 276. 
Though never exceptionally dutiful in his filial rela- 
tions, he had a genuine fondness for the author of his 
lielng. J. llaicthorne. Dust, p. 187. 
2. Expressive of a sense of duty; showing 
compliant respect ; required by duty : as, duti- 
ful attentions. 
Then- would she kiss the ground, and thank the trees, 
bless the air, and do dutiful reverence to every thing she 
tli. Mi-ht did accompany her at their first meeting. 
Sir /*. Sidney. 
Surely if we have unto those laws that dutiful regard 
which their dignity doth require, it will not greatly need 
that we should be exhorted to live in obedience unto them. 
Hooker, Eceles. Polity, ill. 9. 
dutifully (du'ti-ful-i), adv. In a dutiful man- 
ner; with regard to duty; obediently; submis- 
sively. 
I advised him to persevere in dutifully bearing with his 
mother's ill humour. A necdates of Up. Watson, I. 367. 
dutifulness (du'ti-ful-nes), . The quality of 
being dutiful ; submission to just authority ; 
habitual performance of duty. 
At his [the Earl of Essex's! landing, Bryan MacPhelym 
welcom'd him, tendering unto him all manner of Dutijul- 
neis and Service. Baker, Chronicles, p. 350. 
Piety or dutifulnens to parents was a most popular vir- 
tue among the Romans. Dryden. 
duty (du'ti), n. ; pi. duties (-tiz). [Early mod. 
E. also dutie, duetie, dewty, deictic, < ME. duele, 
duetee, deute, dcu-tee, etc., < due, detee, due, + 
-te, -ty, formed after such words as bewte, beau- 
ty, etc.: see due 1 and -ty.'] I. Obligatory ser- 
vice ; that which ought to be done ; that which 
one is bound by natural, moral, or legal obliga- 
tion to do or perform. 
It doth not stand with the duty which we owe to our 
heavenly Father, that to the ordinances of our mother the 
Church we should show ourselves disobedient. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, ill. 9. 
Take care that your expressions be prudent and safe, 
consisting with thy other duties. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 664. 
In the middle ages fealty to a feudal lord was accounted 
a duty, and the assertion of personal freedom a crime. 
//. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 265. 
2. The obligation to do something; the bind- 
ing or obligatory force of that which is morally 
right : as, when duty calls, one must obey. 
For the parents iniurie was reuenged, and the duetie ot 
nature performed or satisfied by the childe. 
J'uttenhain, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 138. 
I taught my wife her duty, made her see 
What ft behoved her see and say and do, 
Feel in her heart and with her tongue declare. 
Broirm'm/, Ring and Book, I. 227. 
O hard, when love and duty clash ! 
Tennyson, Princess, it 
It is asserted that we are so constituted that the notion 
of iluty furnishes in itself a natural motive of action of 
the highest order, and wholly distinct from all the refine* 
ments and modifications of self-interest. 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 189. 
Duty to one's countrymen and fellow -citizens, which is 
the social instinct guided by reason, is in all healthy com- 
munities the one tiling sacred and supreme. 
W. K. Cliford, Lectures, II. 69. 
3. Due obedience ; submission ; compliant or 
obedient service. 
Every subject's duty is the king's ; but every subject's 
soul is his own. Shak., Hen. V., iv. I. 
4. A feeling of obligation, or an act manifest- 
ing such feeling ; an expression of submissive 
deference or respectful consideration. [Ar- 
chaic or prov. Eng.] 
They both attone 
Did de icfu to their Lady, as became. 
Spenser, . Q., II. ix. 28. 
There also did the Corporation of Dover and the Earl 
of Winchelsea do their duties to him, in like sort. 
England's Joy (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 27% 
I must entreat you to take a promise that you shall 
have the first [copy] for a testimony of that duty which I 
owe to your love. Donne, Letters, xiv. 
He craved so for news of Sylvia, . . . even though it 
was only that she sent her duty to him. 
Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lover, xix. 
5. Any requisite procedure, service, business, 
or office ; that which one ought to do ; particu - 
larly, any stated service or function : as, the 
duties of one's station in life ; to go or be on 
duty; the regiment did duty in Flanders. 
