dye 
dye 1 (di), r. t. ; pret. and pp. dyed, ppr. dyeing. 
[Formerly also die; < ME. dyen, dien, deyen, < 
AS. deagian, degian, dye, color, < dcdg, dedh, a 
dye, color, < *dedgan, a strong verb found only 
once, in pret. deog, dye, tinge, prob. (like tinge, 
< L. tingere), orig. wet, moisten, and allied to AS. 
dedw, E. dew, and so to E. dag 1 , dew, and dcg, 
moisten, sprinkle : see dew 1 .] 1. To fix a color 
or colors in the substance of by immersion in 
a properly prepared bath ; impregnate with col- 
oring matter held in solution. The matters used 
for dyeing are obtained from vegetables, animals, anil 
minerals ; and the subjects to which they are applied are 
porous materials in general, but especially wool, cotton, 
silk, linen, hair, skins, feathers, ivory, wood, and marble. 
The great diversity of tint obtained in dyeing is the result 
of the combination of two or more simple coloring sub- 
stances with one another or with certain chemical re- 
agents. To render the colors permanent, the subsequent 
application of a mordant, or the precipitation of the col- 
oring matter by the direct use of a mordant, is usually re- 
quired ; but when aniline and some other artificial dyes 
are used, no mordant is necessary. The superficial appli- 
cation of pigments to tissues by means of adhesive vehi- 
cles such as oil and albumen, as in painting or in some 
kinds of calico-printing, does not constitute dyeing, be- 
cause the coloring bodies so applied do not penetrate the 
fiber, and are not intimately incorporated with it. 
2. To overspread with color, as by effusion; 
tinge or stain in general. 
I cannot rest 
Until the white rose that I wear be dyed 
Even in the lukewarm blood of Henry's heart. 
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., i. 2. 
Mony o f Murry'a men lay gaspin, 
An' doit thi grand wi theire bleid. 
Battle of Corichie (Child's Ballads, VII. 213). 
Their [maidens'] cheekes were died with vermilion. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 807. 
Over the front door trailed a luxuriant woodbine, now 
dyed by the frosts into a dark claret. 
S. Judd, Margaret, li. 8. 
To dye In grain. See graini. To dye Scarlett, to 
drink deep ; drink till the face becomes scarlet. 
dye 1 (di), . [< ME. *deye, *deghe (not found), 
< AS. dedg, dedh, a dye, color: see the verb, 
which is orig. from the noun.] 1. Coloring 
matter in solution ; a coloring liquor, 
A kind of shell-fish, having in the midst of his jaws a 
certain white vein, which containeth that precious liquor : 
a die of sovereign estimation. Sandys, Travailes, p. 168. 
2. Color; hue; tint; tinge. 
And creeping shrubs of thousand dyes 
Waved in the west wind's summer sighs. 
Scott, L. of the L., 1. 11. 
dye 2 t, i- An obsolete spelling of die 1 . 
dye 3 t, n. An obsolete spelling of die 3 . 
You shall no more deal with the hollow dye 
Or the frail card. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1. 
dye-bath (dl'bath), n. A bath prepared for use 
in dyeing; a solution of coloring matter in 
which substances to be colored are immersed. 
Oxalic acid, like acetic acid, is used for preparing dye- 
baths. C. T. Davis, Leather, p. 708. 
dye-beck (dl'bek), n. Same as dye-bath. 
The dye-beck consists of alizarin and tannin. 
Ure, Diet., IV. 915. 
dye-house 1 (di'hous), n. A building in which 
dyeing is carried on. 
dye-house 2 (di'hous), . [A dial. var. of dey- 
house.~\ A milk-house or dairy. Grose. [Prov. 
Bug.] 
dyeing (di'ing), . [Verbal n. of dye 1 ,v.'] The 
operation or practice of fixing colors in solution 
in textile and other porous substances. 
dye-pot (di'pot), n. A dye-vat. 
There were clothes there which were to receive different 
colors. All these Jesus threw into one dye-pot, . . . and 
taking them out, each [piece] was dyed as the dyer wished. 
Stowe, Origin of the Books of the Bible, p. 222. 
dyer (di'er), n. [< ME. dyere, diere, deyer, < 
dyen, etc., dye : see dye 1 , .] One whose oc- 
cupation is to dye cloth, skins, feathers, etc. 
Almost ... my nature is subdued 
To what it works in, like the dyer's hand. 
Shak., Sonnets, cxi. 
Dyers' spirit, tin tetrachlorid, known in commerce as 
oxymuriate of tin (SnCLj + 5H 2 0). It is a valuable mor- 
dant. 
dyer's-broom (dl'erz-brom), n. The plant Ge- 
nista tinctoria, used to make a green dye. Also 
called dyeweed. 
dyer's-greenweed (di'erz-gren"wed), . Same 
as dyers-broom. 
dyer S-moSS (dl'erz-mds), n. The lichen lioc- 
cella tinctoria. Same as archil, 2. 
dyer's-weed (di'erz-wed), n. The woad, weld, or 
yellow-weed, Reseda lutcola, affording a yellow 
dye, and cultivated in Europe on that account. 
dyester (di'ster), . [< dye 1 + -ster.'] A dyer. 
[Scotch.] 
dyestone (di'ston), re. A red ferruginous lime- 
stone occurring in Tennessee, used occasionally 
1808 
in the place of a dye, although insoluble and 
not properly a dye Dyestone ore, an iron ore of 
great economical importance in the United States. Also 
called fossil, dyestone fossil, Jtaxseed, and Clinton ore. 
See Clinton ore, under ore. 
dyestuff (di'stuf), n. In com., any dyewood. 
lichen, powder, or dye-cake used in dyeing and 
staining. The most important dyestuffs are cochineal, 
madder, indigo, logwood, fustic, quercitron-bark, and the 
various preparations of aniline. Also called dyeware. 
dye-trial (di'tri"al), . An experiment with 
coloring matters to determine their value as 
dyes. Such experiments are usually performed by dyeing 
small pieces of yarn or fabric, of equal size, in beakers, one 
of which contains the coloring matter in question, the 
other a standard of the same colorant. 
Never less than two dye-trials should be carried out at 
once, viz., one with the new colouring matter, the other 
with a colouring matter of known value, which is taken 
as the " type." Benedikt, Coal-tar Colours (trans.), p. 57. 
dye-vat (di'vat), n. A bath containing dyes, 
and fitted with an apparatus for immersing the 
fabrics to be colored. 
dyeware (di'war), n. Same as dyestuff. 
The reaction which ensues is not produced by any other 
dye-wm. Ure, Diet, IV. 354. 
dyeweed (di'wed), . Same as dyer's-broom. 
dyewood (di'wud), . Any wood from which 
dye is extracted. 
dye-works (di'werks), n. sing, or pi. An estab- 
lishment in which dyeing is carried on. 
dygogram (di'go-gram), n. [< Gr. 6v(va/uc), 
power, + yw(vz), angle, + -fpa^ia, anything 
written.] A diagram containing a curve gen- 
erated by the motion of a line drawn from a 
fixed origin, and representing in direction and 
magnitude the horizontal component of the 
force of magnetism on a ship's compass-needle 
while the ship makes a complete circuit. The 
course of the ship is marked on the curve. There are two 
kinds of dygogram, according as it is supposed to be fixed 
in space during the rotation of the ship or fixed on the ship. 
dying (di'ing), . [Verbal n. of die*-, v.~\ The 
act of expiring ; loss of life ; death. 
Always bearing about in the body the dying of the Lord 
Jesus, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest 
in our body. 2 Cor. iv. 10. 
dying (di'ing), j>. a. [< ME. dyinge, diyng, with 
older term, diend, diand, etc.; ppr. of die 1 , r. 
In some uses, as dying hour, dying bed, etc. (def s. 
4, 5), the word is the verbal noun used attribu- 
tively.] 1. Physically decaying ; failing from 
life ; approaching death or dissolution ; mori- 
bund: as, a dying man; a dying tree. 
The noise of battle hurtled in the air, 
. . . and dying men did groan. Shak., J. C.,ii. 2. 
2. Mortal; destined to death; perishable: as, 
dying bodies. 
I preached as never sure to preach again, 
And as a dying man to dying men. 
Baxter, Love breathing Thanks and Praise. 
3. Drawing to a close; fading away; failing; 
languishing : as, the dying year ; a dying light. 
That strain again ; it had a dying fall. 
SAofc.T. N., i. 1. 
Where the dying night-lainp nickers. 
Tennyson, Locksley Hall. 
4. Given, uttered, or manifested just before 
death: as, dying words; a dying request; dy- 
ing love. 
I do prophesy the election lights 
On Fortinbras ; he has my dying voice. 
Shak., Hamlet, v. 2. 
Sir, let me speak next, 
And let my dying words be better with you 
Than my dull living actions. 
Beau, and Fl., Philaster, v. 3. 
5. Pertaining to or associated with death : as, 
a dying hour ; a dying bed. 
He served his country as knight of the shire to his dy- 
ing day. Steele, Spectator, No. 109. 
Dying declaration. See declaration. 
dyingly (di'ing-li), adv. In a dying or languish- 
ing manner. 
dyingness (di'ing-nes), . The state of dying; 
hence, a state simulating the approach of death, 
real or affected ; affected languor or faintness ; 
languishment. 
Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of dyingness; you 
see that picture, Foible a swimmingness in the eyes. 
Congreve, Way of the World, iii. 5. 
dyke. . and v. A less proper spelling of dike. 
dykehopper (dlk'hop'er), n. The wheatear, 
Saxicolacenanthe. Swainson. [Local, Eng. ( Stir- 
ling)-] 
dynactinometer (dl-nak-ti-nom'e-ter), . [< 
Gr. 6vv(a/Mc;), power, + o/cr/f (OKTIV-), a ray, + 
ptrpov, a measure.] An instrument for measur- 
ing the intensity of actinic power, or for com- 
paring the quickness of lenses. 
dynamic 
dynagraph (di'na-graf), n. [Short for dynam- 
ograpJi, q. v.] A machine for reporting the con- 
dition of a railroad-track, the speed of a train, 
and the power (and consumption of coal and wa- 
ter) used in traversing a given distance. The 
most important machine of this class was built by Professor 
Dudley, and is employed in examining road-beds in all 
parts of the United States. It consists of a paper ribbon 
arranged to pass under a series of recording pens, and 
moved by means of gearing from one of the axles of the 
car in which it is placed. The mechanical recording ap- 
pliances give the tension on the draw-bar, showing the re- 
sistance of the car, its speed, the distance traveled abso- 
lutely, and in a given number of seconds, minutes, and 
hours. The oscillations of the car, also the level of the 
rails, the alinement, the condition of the joints of the 
rails, and the elevations of the rails at curves, are all me- 
chanically traced on the paper band. Besides this, by 
simple electrical connections, the amount of water and 
coal consumed in the engine, the pressure of the steam, 
the mile-posts, stations, etc., are recorded from the car 
or from the engine, and all these records appear side by 
side upon the paper. See seismograph. 
dynam (di'nam), n. [< Gr. M<vafus, power, 
might, strength, faculty, capacity, force, etc., 
< 6waa6ai, be able, capable, strong enough (to 
do), pass for, signify, perhaps allied to L. du- 
rus, hard: see dure, a.] 1. A unit of work, 
equal to a weight of one pound raised through 
one foot ; a foot-pound. 2. A force, or a force 
and a couple, the resultant of all the forces act- 
ing together on a body. Also spelled dyname. 
Dynamene (di-nam'e-ne), n. [NL., < Gr. fivva- 
fiivri, fern, of dwdftevof, ppr. of oirvaaOai, be able 
(> duvafuf, power) : seerfi/w.] 1. A genus of 
brachyurous decapod crustaceans, of the family 
Dromiidce. 2. A genus of calyptoblastic hy- 
droids, of the family Sertulariidce. D. pumila 
is an example. 3. A genus of spur-heeled 
cuckoos : same as Eudynamys. Stephens. [Not 
in use.] 4. A genus of isopods, of the family 
Sphceromidw. 5. A genus of lepidopterous in- 
sects. Hiibner, 1816. 
dynametor (di-narn'e-ter), n. [A contr. of dy- 
namometer, which is differently applied: see 
dynamometer.] An instrument for determin- 
ing the magnifying power of telescopes, it 
consists of a small tube with a transparent plate, exactly 
divided, which is fixed to the tube of a telescope, in order 
to measure the diameter of the distinct image of the ob- 
ject-glass. 
dynametric, dynametrical (di-na-met'rik, -ri- 
kal), a. [< dynametcr + -ic, -ca/.J Pertaining 
to a dynameter. 
dynamic (di-nani'ik), a. and n. [< Gr. Swa/unoe, 
powerful, efficacious, < 6iva/iif, power: see dy- 
nam."] I. a. 1. Pertaining to mechanical forces 
not in equilibrium : opposed to static. 2. Per- 
taining to mechanical forces, whether in equi- 
librium or not ; involving the consideration of 
forces. By extension 3. Causal; effective; 
motive ; involving motion or change : often 
used vaguely. 
The direct action of nature as a dynamic agent is pow- 
erful on the language of savages, but gradually becomes 
insensible as civilization advances. 
W. K. Sullivan, Int. to O'Curry's Anc. Irish, p. viii. 
Action is dynamic existence. 
ft H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. 482. 
They [Calvinists] teach a spiritual, real, or dynamic and 
effective presence of Christ in the Eucharist for believers 
only, while unworthy communicants receive no more than 
the consecrated elements to their own judgment. 
Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 165. 
4. In the Kantian philos., relating to the reason 
of existence of an object of experience. Dy- 
namic category, in the Kantian philos., a category which 
is the concept of dynamic relation. Dynamic electri- 
city, current electricity. See electricity. Dynamic 
equivalent of heat. See equivalent. Dynamic geol- 
ogy, that branch of the science of geology which has as 
its object the study of the nature and mode of action of 
the agencies by which geological changes are and have 
been effected. See geology. Dynamic head. See head. 
Dynamic murmurs, cardiac murmurs not caused by 
valvular incompetence or stenosis, but by anemia or an 
unusual configuration of the internal surface of the heart, 
as where a chorda tendinea is so placed as to give rise to 
a murmur. Dynamic relations, causal relations ; espe- 
cially, the relations between substance and accident, be- 
tween cause and effect, and between interacting subjects. 
Dynamic synthesis, in the Kantian philos., a synthe- 
sis of heterogeneous elements necessarily belonging to- 
gether. 
When the pure concepts of the understanding are ap- 
plied to every possible experience, their synthesis is either 
mathematical or dynamical, for it is directed partly to the 
intuition only, partly to the existence of the phenomenon. 
Kant', Critique of Pure Reason, tr. by Max Miiller. 
Dynamic theory, a theory by which Kant endeavored 
to explain the nature of matter or the mode of its forma- 
tion. According to this theory, all matter was originated 
by two antagonistic and mutually counteracting princi- 
ples called attraction and ri'indxion, all the predicates of 
which are referred to motion. Dynamic theory of na- 
ture, (a) A theory which seeks to explain nature from 
forces, especially from forces of expansion and contrac- 
tion (as the Stoics did), opposed to a mechanical theory 
which starts with matter only, (d) The doctrine that some 
