dynamic 
other original principle hc.sidcs matter must bo supposed 
to account for the phenomena of the universe. Dynamic 
theory of the soul, the metaphysical doctrine that the 
soul consists in an action or tendency to action, and not 
in an existence at rest Dynamic theory of the tides, 
a theory of tlio tides iu which the general form of the for- 
mulas is determined from the solution of a problem in dy- 
namics, the values of the coefficients of the different terms 
h- in (hen altered to suit tho observations: opposed to 
the *inti,;il tlu-tirii, which first supposes the sea to be in 
c(|iiilihriiun under the forces to which it is subjected, and 
then modifies the epoch to suit the observations. Dy- 
namic Viscosity. See BiKciixitt/. 
II. . 1. A moral force; an efficient incen- 
tive. 
We hope and pray that it may act as a spiritual dynamic 
on the churches and upon all the benevolent in our land. 
Missionary Herald, Nov., 1879. 
2. The science which teaches how to calculate 
motions in accordance with the laws of force : 
same as dynamics. 
dynamical (dl-nam'i-kal), a. Same as dynamic. 
The dynamical theory [of the tides], 
Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 355. 
Dynamical coefficient of viscosity. See coefficient. 
dynamically (di-nam'i-kal-i), adv. In a dy- 
namic manner ; as regards dynamics. 
Dynamically, the only difference between carbonate of 
ammonia and protoplasm which can be called fundamen- 
tal, is the greater molecular complexity and consequent 
instability of tho latter. J. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., I. 433. 
dynamics (di-nam'iks), n. [PI. ot dynamic: see 
-ics. Cf. LL. dynamicc, dynamics, < Gr. Swa- 
fiinf/ (sc. rkxyri, art), fern, of ovvafttK6f, dynamic.] 
1. The mathematical theory of force; also 
(until recently the common acceptation), the 
theory of forces in motion ; tho science of de- 
ducing from given circumstances (masses, po- 
sitions, velocities, forces, and constraints) the 
motions of a system of particles. 
The science of motion is divided into two parts : the ac- 
curate description of motion, and the investigation of the 
circumstances under which particular motions take place. 
. . . That part of the science which tells us about the cir- 
cumstances under which particular motions take place is 
called dinia inicx. . . . Dynamics are again divided into 
two branches : the study of those circumstances under 
which it is possible for a body to remain at rest is called 
statics, and the study of the circumstances of actual mo- 
tion is called kinetics. W. K. Clifford. 
IVVhat is here called kinetics has until recently been called 
dynamics.] 
The hope of science at the present day is to express all 
phenomena in symbols of Dynamics. 
G. U. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. 283. 
2. The moving moral or physical forces of any 
kind, or the laws which relate to them. 
The empirical laws of society are of two kinds ; some 
are uniformities of coexistence, some of succession. Ac- 
cording as the science is occupied in ascertaining and 
verifying the former sort of uniformities or the latter, 
M. Comte gives it the title of Social Statics or of Social 
Dynamics. J. S. Mill, Logic, VI. x. 5. 
These are then appropriately followed by the dynamics 
of the subject, or the institution in action in many grave 
controversies and many acute crises of history. 
Atlantic Monthly, LVIII. 418. 
Dynamics of music, the science of the variation and 
contrast of force or londness in musical sounds. Geo- 
logical dynamics, that branch of geology which treats 
of the nature and mode of operation of all kinds of physi- 
cal agents or forces that have at any time, and in any man- 
ner, alfected the surface and Interior of the earth. Rigid 
dynamics, the dynamics of rigid bodies, in which only 
ordinary differential equations occur, 
dynamism (di'na-mizm), n. [< Gr. Siiva/uf, 
power (see dynam), + -ism."] 1. The doctrine 
that besides matter some other material prin- 
ciple a force in some sense is required to 
explain the phenomena of nature. The term is 
applied (a) to the doctrines of some of the Ionic philos- 
ophers, who held to some such principles as love and hate 
to explain the origin of motion ; (6) to the doctrine adopted 
by Leibnitz that substance consists in the capacity for ac- 
tion ; (c) to the doctrine of Tait that mechanical energy is 
substance ; and (if) to the widely current doctrine that the 
universe contains nothing not explicable by means of the 
doctrine of energy. 
2. The mode of being of mechanical force or 
energy. 
Who does not see the contradiction of requiring a sub- 
stance for that which by its definition is not substantial 
at all, but pure dynamismf 
0. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. it 2. 
Dynamism would be more appropriate than Materialism 
as a designation of the modern scientific movement, the 
idea of inertia having given place to that of an equilibrium 
f forces. J. M. Riyg, Mind, XII. 657. 
dynamist (di'na-mist), n. [As dynam-ism + 
-ist.] A believer in dynamism. 
Thus! admit, with the pure (hinatnist, that the material 
universe, or successive material universes, as manifesta- 
tions of matter and motion, are concatenated with time, 
.ire horn, run their course, and fade away, as do the clouds 
of air. Pap. Sci. itu., XXII. 803. 
dynamistic (di-nn-mis'tik), a. Pertaining to 
tho doctrine of force. 
It is usual (and convenient) to speak of two kinds of 
monarchianism the dynamiatic and the modalistic. 
Encyc. Brit., XVI. 719. 
1U 
1809 
dynamitard (di'na-mi-tard'), n. [< F. dynami- 
tunt; tt.$ily>unnite'+ -ard.] Same as dynamiter. 
If Ireland is to be turned into a frown Colony, she must 
be put under martial law ; and even that will be no defence 
against tho attacks of d;/namitardg by whom we may bo 
struck at home. British Quarterly /tec., I. X XXI II. 411. 
The associate guild of assassins' the nihilist and the 
dynamitard. N . A. Rev., CXXXVIII. 314. 
dynamite (di'na-mlt), n. [< Gr. i'wafiis, power 
(see dynam), + -ite 2 .] An explosive of great 
power, consisting of a mixture of nitroglycerin 
with some absorbent such as sawdust, or a 
certain silicious earth from Oberloho in Han- 
over. The object of the mixture is to diminish the sen- 
sitiveness of nitroglycerin to slight shock, and so to facili- 
tate its carriage without impairing IU explosive quality. 
The disruptive force of dynamite is estimated at about 
eight times thatof gunpowder. Dynamite may be ignited 
with a match, and will burn quietly with a bright flame 
without any explosion. Large quantities have been known 
to fall 20 feet on a hard surface without explosion. It 
explodes with certainty when ignited by a percussion fuse 
containing fulminating mercury. 
dynamite (di'na-mlt), v. t.: pret. and pp. dyna- 
mited, ppr. dynamiting. IX dynamite, n.] 1. 
To mine or charge with dynamite in order to 
prevent the approach of an enemy, or for de- 
structive purposes. 
The military authorities of Pretoria had caused a rumor 
to go forth that some of the buildings and roads were dy- 
namited, and this deterred the Boers from entering the 
town, which, as a matter of fact, was not dynamited at 
alL Athrnceum, No. 3016, p. 201. 
2. To blow up or destroy by or as if by dyna- 
mite. 
It appears from the letters that the American Republic 
has been dynamited, and upon its ruins a socialistic re- 
public established. Science, X. 92. 
His [Prince Alexander's of Bulgaria] people ... are not 
at all inclined to dynamite him, which is more than can 
be said for the Czar. Times (London), April 26, 1886. 
dynamite-gun (di'na-mit-gun), n. A gun con- 
structed for propelling dynamite, nitroglycerin, 
or other high explosives, by means of steam or 
compressed air under high tension. 
dynamiter (dl'na-mi-ter), n. [< dynamite + 
-er 1 .] One who uses, or is in favor of using, 
dynamite and similar explosives for unlawful 
purposes ; specifically, a political agitator who 
resorts to or advocates the use of dynamite 
and the indiscriminate destruction of life and 
property for the purpose of coercing a govern- 
ment or a party by terror. 
Surely no plea of justification could absolve the dyna- 
miter from the eternal consequences of his own infernal 
deeds. N. A. Rev., CXL. 887. 
The recent explosions on the underground railways 
were the work of ... dynamiters. 
The American, VII. 93. 
Dynamiters subventioned by Parisian fanatics were to 
appear in Metz. Nineteenth Century, XXII. 421. 
dynamitical (dl-na-mit'i-kal), a. [< dynamite 
+ -ical.~] Having' to do with dynamite; vio- 
lently explosive or destructive. 
Like certain dynamitical critics, he is satisfied with de- 
struction, and his attitude towards constitutional for- 
mulas is not unlike that of the dynamitical critic towards 
Constitutions British and other. Xature, XXXIV. 25. 
Dynamostes 
Dynamizing of medicinal substances. 
t.nryc. Brit., XII. 127. 
dynamo (di'na-mo), n. An abbreviation of 
dynamo-electric' machine. See electric. 
The machines were driven by a Cummer engine of about 
a hundred horse-power, which furnished power for other 
dynamos. Science, III. 177. 
Characteristic of a dynamo. See charartentiie.- Se- 
ries dynamo, a dynamo in which the whole current gen- 
erated in the armature is passed through the coil of the 
neld-magneU. Shunt dynamo, a dynamo In which only 
a part of the entire current generated by the rotating 
armature Is applied to excite the field-magnets. 
dynamo-electric, dynamo-electrical (di'na- 
mo-e-lek'trik, -tn-kal), a. [< Gr. diva/u(, pow- 
er (see dynam), + electric, electrical.'] Produ- 
cing force by means of electricity : as, a dyna- 
mo-electric machine ; also, produced by electric 
force. Dynamo-electric machine. See electric. 
dynamogenesis (di'na-mo-jen'e-sis), n. Same 
as dynamogeny. 
dynamogenic (di*na-mo-jen'ik), a. [< dyna- 
mogeny + -c.] Pertaining to dynamogeny. 
The influence thus manifested Is dynamogenic. 
Dr. Brown-Sequard. 
dynamogeny (di-na-moj'e-ni), n. [< Gr. Svva- 
luf, power (see dynam), + -ycveta, < -yevr/t, pro- 
ducing: see -geny.~] In psychic science, produc- 
tion of increased nervous activity ; dynamiza- 
tion of nerve-force. Also dynamogenesis. 
dynamograph (di-nam'o-graf), n. [< Gr. tlva- 
ftic, power (see dynam), + ypaQctv, write.] An 
instrument combining an elliptic spring and a 
register to indicate the muscular power exerted 
by the hand of a person compressing it. 
dynamometer (di-na-mom'e-ter), n. [Contr. 
dynameter, q. v.; < Ofr. dvvaficf. power (see dy- 
nam), + furpov, a measure.] An apparatus for 
measuring the amount of force expended by 
men ; animals, or motors in moving a load, op- 
erating machines, towing vessels, etc.; a pow- 
er-measurer. Dynamometers use the resistance of 
springs, weights, and friction as a test, each comparison 
being made with a known weight or force that will over- 
come the resistance of the spring, raise the weight, or bal- 
ance the friction. One of the simplest forms is a steel- 
yard in which the force to be measured Is applied to the 
dynamically (di-na-mit'i-kal-i), adv. By 
means, or as by means, of dynamite ; with ex- 
plosive violence. 
The Irish attempts, at New York, Paris, and elsewhere, 
dynamitically to blow up England on behalf of Ireland. 
The Congreyationalist, Feb. 17, 1887. 
dynamiting (dTna-mi-ting), n. [Verbal n. of 
dynamite, .] The practice of destroying or 
terrorizing by means of dynamite. 
The question is, whether the law permits dynamiting, 
or whether it will stop dynamiting at the place where It 
is started, which is the only place where it can be stopped. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVIII. 426. 
dynamitism (di'na-mi-tizm), n. [< dynamite 
+ -ism.] The use 'of dynamite and similar ex- 
plosives in the indiscriminate destruction of 
life and property for purposes of coercion; 
any political theory or scheme involving the 
use of such destructives. 
ilnation and dynamit- 
The American, VI. 38. 
dynamization (di'na-mi-za'shon), n. [< dyna- 
mize + -ation.] 1. Dynamic development; in- 
crease of power in anything ; dynamogeny : as, 
dynnii:nti<i of nerve-force. 2. la homeopa- 
thy, the extreme trituration of medicines with a 
view to increase their efficiency or strength. 
dynamize (di'na-miz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. dyna- 
mised, ppr. dynamiring. [< Gr. divaii-if, power 
(see dynam), + -i'je.] In homeopathy, to in- 
crease the efficiency or strength of (medicines) 
by extreme trituration. 
Unqualified repudiation of 
(tHt, 
Balance-dynamometer (elevation). 
shorter arm while a weight is balanced on the longer grad- 
uated arm. The most common form of spring-dynamom- 
eter consists of an elliptical spring that may be compressed 
or pulled apart in the direction of its longer axis, with an 
Index and scale, and some- 
times a recording pencil, to 
indicate the amount of force 
exerted. In the apparatus 
depending on friction a brake 
is applied to the face of a pul- 
ley, and the force is mea- 
sured by the resistance of the 
brake to the motion of the 
pulley. In other forms fast 
and loose pulleys are placed 
side by side and connected by 
weighted levers, a certain 
amount of force being re- 
quired to lift the lever and 
communicate motion to both 
pulleys. In still other forms 
coiled springs are used to test 
a direct strain, as in moving a 
load or in towing. There are 
other forms used to test the 
recoil of guns and the explo- 
sive force of gunpowder. In 
the Batchelder dynamometer 
Balance-dynamometer (plan), two pairs of bevel-wheels are 
interposed between the re- 
ceiving and the transmitting pulleys, one pair in line with 
the pulleys, the other pair at right angles to them and In 
line with a balanced scale-beam. The force and resistance 
transmitted through the gears tend to turn the scale-beam 
about the line of the pulley-shafts, and this must be re- 
sisted by a weight upon the scale-beam, which is the mea- 
sure of the force transmitted. The dynamometer Is not a 
direct indicator of power exerted or of work performed; 
bat when the velocity with which resistance Is overcome 
or force transmitted has been determined by other means, 
tills velocity, and the measure of the force obtained by the 
dynamometer, are the data for computing the power or 
work. See balance-dynamometer, cnaher-gage, piezometer, 
and pressure-gage. Dynamometer coupling, a device 
inserted In a shaft by means of which the power transmit- 
ted may be measured. 
dynamometric, dynamometrical (di'na-mo- 
met'rik, -ri-kal), a. [< dynamometer T -ic, 
-icrt?.] Pertaining to or made with the aid of a 
dynamometer. 
dynamometry (dl-na-mom'e-tri), n. [< dyna- 
niiimcter + -y*.] The act or art of using the 
dynamometer. 
Dynamostes (di-na-mos'tez), n. [NL. (Pascoe, 
1857), < Gr. iivautt, power, strength.] A genus 
