ecclesiastically 
ecclesiastically (e-kle-zi-as'ti-kal-i), adv. By 
the church ; as regards the constitution, laws, 
doctrines, etc., of the church. 
It is both naturally and ecclesiastically good. 
Jer. Taylor, Rule of Conscience, iii. 5. 
ecclesiasticism (e-kle-zi-as'ti-sizm), n. [< ec- 
clesiastic + -ism.] Strong adherence to the 
principles and organization of the church, or 
to ecclesiastical observances, privileges, etc. ; 
devotion to the interests of the church and the 
extension of its influence in its external rela- 
tions. 
My religious convictions and views have remained free 
from any tincture of ecclesiasticism. Westminster Rev. 
Puseyites and ritualists, aiming to reinforce ecclesiasti- 
cism, betray a decided leaning towards archaic print, as 
well as archaic ornaments. 
H. Spencer, Study of Sociol., p. 107. 
Ethical forces for all the reforms of society are stored 
in the Christian church, but the battery is insulated by 
ecclesiasticism. X. A. Rev., CXLI. 246. 
Ecclesiasticus (e-kle-zi-as'ti-kus), . [LL., 
prop, adj., of or belonging to the church: see 
ecclesiastic.] The name in the Latin version 
of the Bible, and the alternative name in the 
English Apocrypha, of the book called in the 
Septuagint "The Wisdom of Jesus, the Son 
of Sirach," included in the canon of the Old 
Testament by the Roman Catholic and Greek 
churches, but regarded as apocryphal by Jews 
and Protestants, though occasionally read in 
the Anglican Church. In form it resembles the Book 
of Proverbs. It is supposed to have been originally com- 
piled in Hebrew or Aramean about 180 B. c., and trans- 
lated into Greek about 130 B. c. Abbreviated Ecclus. 
ecclesipgraphy (e-kle-zi-og'ra-fi), n. [< LGr. 
fKnAr/a'ta, the church, + Gr. -ypaipia, < ypafytiv, 
"write.] The history of churches, their locality, 
doctrines, polity, and condition. The Congrega- 
tionalist, July 2, 1879. 
ecclesiological (e-kle"zi-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< ec- 
clesiology + -ical.] Of or pertaining to eccle- 
siology ; treating of ecclesiology. 
Colossians is christological, and represents Christ as the 
true pleroma or plenitude of the Godhead, the totality of 
divine attributes and powers ; Ephesians is ecclesiological, 
and exhibits the ideal church as the body of Christ, as the 
reflected pleroma of Christ, "the fulness of Him who fill- 
eth all in all." Scha/, Hist. Christ. Church, I. 96. 
Mr. Butler candidly admits that in ecclesiological and 
ritual knowledge he started with but a scanty outfit. 
Edinlntrgh Rev., CLXIII. 27. 
ecclesiologist (e-kle-zi-ol'o-jist), n. [< ecclesi- 
ology + -ist.] One versed in ecclesiology; an 
expounder of ecclesiology. 
For the ecclesioloyiit proper there is a prodigious bal- 
dacchino, and a grand display of metal-work behind the 
high altar. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 282. 
ecclesiology (e-kle-zi-ol'o-ji), . [< LGr. CKK^T/- 
aia, the church, 4- Gr. -Ao-yia, < Atjtw, speak: see 
-ology.] 1. The science of the church as an 
organized society, and of whatever relates to 
its outward expression or manifestation. 
Christology naturally precedes ecclesiology in the order 
of the system, as Christ precedes the church. 
Schaff, Hist. Christ. Church, I. 96. 
It will furnish future writers in the history and eccle- 
siology of Ireland with a most valuable storehouse of in- 
formation. Athenaeum. 
2. The science of church architecture and dec- 
oration. It treats of all the details of church furniture, 
ornament, etc., and their symbolism, and is cultivated 
especially by the High Church party in the Church of Eng- 
land. 
Eastern Ecclesiology may be divided into two grand 
branches, Byzantine and Armenian. 
J. M, Neale, Eastern Church, I. 169. 
eccles-tree (ek'lz-tre), . A dialectal variant 
of axletree. [Prov. Eng.] 
Ecclus. An abbreviation of Ecclesiasticus. 
eccopet (ek'o-pe), n. [NL., < Gr. e/cKomJ, a cut- 
ting out, an incision, < EKKOTTTOV, cut out, < fit, 
out, + KOTTTEJV, cut.] In surg., the act of cut- 
ting put; excision; specifically, a perpendicu- 
lar division of the cranium by a cutting instru- 
ment. 
eccoprotict (ek-o-prot'ik), a. and n. [< NL. 
eccoproticus, < Gr. cKKOTrportK6f, < citKOirpovv (only 
in pass.), clear of dung, < , out, + Koirpof, 
dung.] I. a. Having the quality of promoting 
alvine discharges ; laxative ; loosening ; gently 
cathartic. 
II. . A medicine which purges gently, or 
which tends to promote evacuations by stool ; 
a laxative. 
EccremocarpUS (ek"re-mo-kar'pus), n. [NL., 
< Gr. cKKpe/irK, hanging from or upon (< eKK.pt- 
. 
ai, hang from), + Kapnuf, fruit.] A genus 
of climbing shrubs, natural order Rignonia- 
1830 
cede, containing three species, natives of South 
America. They have twice-pinnatisect leaves with small 
mi-mbranaceous leaflets, and green or yellow flve-lobed 
flowers. E. scaber is cultivated as an ornamental creeper. 
eccrinology (ek-ri-nol'o-ji), re. [Irreg. < Gr. 
eKKpiveiv, separate (< CK, out, 4- Kplvciv, separate), 
4 -Myia, < teyeiv, speak: see -ology.] That 
branch of physiology which relates to the se- 
cretions and the act of secretion. 
eccrisist (ek'ri-sis), . [NL., < Gr. eKKpiaif, sep- 
aration, < SKuptToe,, separated, < eKKpiveiv, choose 
out, separate, < , out, + Kpiveiv, separate : see 
crisis.] Inmed.: (a) The expulsion or excretion 
of any waste products or products of disease. 
(6) The excreted products themselves. 
eccritict (e-krit'ik), n. [< Gr. f/ocpm/co?, se- 
cretive, < cKuptToc, secreted, separated: see eccri- 
sis.] A medicine that promotes excretion ; an 
eliminative. 
eccyesis (ek-si-e'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. as if *en- 
K/'i?o-<f, < CKKVCIV, bring forth, put forth as leaves, 
< in, forth, 4- KVSIV, be pregnant.] Extra-uter- 
ine gestation, or the development of the fetus 
outside of the cavity of the uterus, as in a Fal- 
lopian tube, an ovary, or the abdominal cavity. 
eccyliosis (ek-sil-i-o'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. CKKV- 
UeaBai, be unrolled (develop) (<, out, 4- KvUetv, 
roll up: see cylinder), + -osis.] In pathol., a 
disease or disturbance of development ; a dis- 
order resulting from the process of develop- 
ment. 
ecderon (ek'de-ron), n. [NL., < Gr. ex, out, 4- 
Aepof, skin.] An outer layer of integument, as 
the epithelial layer of mucous membrane, or 
the epidermal layer of the skin : distinguished 
from enderon, the deeper layer. 
ecderonic (ek-de-ron'ik), a. [< ecderon + -ic.] 
Of or pertaining to the ecderon ; epidermal or 
epithelial. 
Teeth in Mollusca and Annulosa are always ecderonic, 
cuticular, or epithelial structures. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 80. 
ecdysis (ek'di-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. enSvau;, a 
getting out, < cKivetv, get out of, strip off, < CK, 
out, + diieiv, get into, enter.] The act of put- 
ting off, coming out of, or emerging; the act 
of shedding or casting an outer coat or integu- 
ment, as in the case of serpents and certain in- 
sects, or the feathers of birds ; the molt : op- 
posed to endysis. 
ecgonine (ek'go-nin), n. [< Gr. lnyovof, born 
(as a noun, a child) (< CK, out of, + -ym>6f, born: 
see -gony), 4- -ine 2 .] In diem., a base obtained 
from cocaine by the action of hydrochloric acid. 
It is soluble in water. 
echancrure (F. pron. a-shou-krur'), n. [F., a 
hollowing out, scallop, slope, < e'chancrer, cut 
sloping, lit. cut crabwise, < e-, < L. ex, out, 4- 
chancre, < L. cancer, a crab : see cancer.] In 
anat. and zool., a notch, nick, or indentation, 
as on the edge or surface of a part ; an emar- 
gination ; a shallow fissure. It is more than a 
mere depression, and less than a furcation or 
forfication. 
echauguette (F. pron. a-sho-get'), n. [F., a 
watch-turret, < OF. esehaugnette, eschalgttette, 
oldest form eschargaite (ML. reflex, scaragu- 
ayta), orig. a company on guard, then a single 
sentinel, then a sentry-box, watch-turret (cf. 
Walloon scarwaiter, be on the watch), < OHG. 
*skarwahta, MHG. scharwate (G. scharwache), < 
OHG. skara, MHG. G. schar, a company, a di- 
vision or detail of an army, a crowd, 4- "wahta, 
MHG. wachte, G. wacht, a watch, > OF. waite, 
guaite, E. wait: see wait.] A bartizan. 
echeM, a. and pron. A Middle English form of 
each. 
eche 2 t, v. t. An obsolete form of eke. 
eche 3 *, . A Middle English form of ache 1 . 
eche 4 t, a. [ME., earlier ece, < AS. ece, everlast- 
ing, eternal ; cf . OS. ewig = OFries. ewich, ewig 
= D. eettwig = OHG. ewic, MHG. ewic, ewec, G. 
ewig = Dan. Sw. evig, everlasting, eternal, < 
OHG. ewa, etc., = Goth, atws, an age, eternity: 
see ay 1 , age, etern.] Everlasting; eternal. 
Than ilke song that ever is eche. 
Owl and Nightingale, 1. 742. 
In helle heo schulle forberne 
On eche sorynesse. 
Old Eng. Miscellany (ed. Morris), p. 72. 
echelon (esh'e-lon), n. [< F. echelon (= Sp. es- 
calon), a round of a ladder, a step, stepping- 
stone, echelon, < Miclle, OF. eschelle = Pr. Sp. 
Pg. escala = It. scala, < L. scala, a ladder: see 
scale 2 .] A step-like arrangement or order ; 
specifically, a military disposition of troops of 
such a nature that each division, brigade, regi- 
Echidna 
ment, company, or other body occupies a posi- 
tion parallel to, but not in the same alinement 
with, that in front, thus presenting the appear- 
ance of steps, and capable of being formed into 
one line by moving each of the less advanced 
divisions, etc., forward until they all aline. 
Troops so disposed are said to be in echelon. A fleet is 
said tube in echelon when it presents a wedge-form to the 
enemy, so that the bow-guns and broadsides of the sev- 
oral ships can defend one another. 
The beaters moved in echelon by the hill-top as well as 
they could. ir. //. Burnett, Diary in India, II. 166. 
The friends were standing where the Catskill hills lay 
before them in echelon towards the river, the ridges lap- 
ping over each other and receding in the distance. 
C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 54. 
echelon (esh'e-lon), v. t. [< echelon, n.] To 
form in echelon. 
The Russian army of the Lorn in the end of July was 
echeloned along the road to Kustchuk, waiting for the 
word to surround that fortress. 
Arch. Forbes, Souvenirs of some Continents, p. 128. 
echelon-lens (esh'e-lon-lenz), n. A compound 
lens used for lighthouses, having a series of con- 
centric annular lenses arranged round a central 
lens, so that all have a common focus. 
echeneidan (ek-e-ne'i-dau), n. A fish of the 
family Echeneididai. Sir J. Richardson. 
echeneidid (ek-e-ne'i-did), '. A fish of the 
family EcheneididiE. 
EcheneididSB (ek"e-ne-id'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Echeneis (-id-) + -idw.] A family of teleoeepha- 
lous fishes, representing the suborder Discoce- 
phali, and typified by the genus Echeneis. The 
body is elongated, broad in front, and tapering to the cau- 
dal fln ; the head is flat, horizontal above, and surmounted 
by an oval disk. This disk is composed of numerous (10 to 
27) transverse bars, pectinated behind, and divided into 
pairs by a median longitudinal leathery partition, and 
is surrounded by a leathery margin. This formation is 
homologous with a set of dorsal spines, and is in fact an 
extremely modified dorsal fln. A normal dorsal is devel- 
oped on the hinder part of the body, and the anal nearly 
corresponds to it. The ventrals are thoracic in position, 
and have 5 rays, and a slender spine closely attached to 
the adjoining ray. By means of the disk, acting as a 
sucker, these fishes attach themselves to other animals. 
They are known to sailors and fishermen as suckers or 
suckinff-Jishes. About a dozen species are known ; the 
most common are Echeneis naucrates and Reuiora remo- 
ra. Also Echenidce, Echeneidini. See pilot-fish, remora. 
Echeneidini (ek-e-ne-i-di'ni), . pi. [NL., < 
Echeneis (-id-) + -ini.] Same as Echeneididce. 
Bonaparte, 1837. 
echeneidoid (ek-e-ne'i-doid), a. and n. I. a. 
Pertaining to or having the characters of the 
Echeneididw. 
II. n. A fish of the family Echeneididce. 
Echeneis (ek-e-ne'is), n. [L., < Gr. cxeviif 
(-id-), the remora, supposed to have the power 
of holding ships back, prop, adj., ship-holding, 
< ^(v, hold, 4- vci'f = L. navis, a ship.] The 
typical genus of the family Echeneididai, hav- 
ing on the top of the head a large, flat, lami- 
Sucking-fish (Eclt* 
nated disk or sucker, composed of numerous 
transverse plates set obliquely upward and 
backward, forming an adhesive surface by 
which the fish attaches itself to various objects, 
as a larger fish, a ship's bottom, etc. The type is 
the common remora or sucking-fish, E. navcrates. By 
some it is extended to include all the species of the fam- 
ily, and by others restricted to elongated slender species 
with numerous plates to the suckers, like E. naucrates. 
echeum (e-ke'um), n. ; pi. echea (-a). [L. ecliea, 
< Gr. yx c ~' a > P'- f 'lX e ' m> > * kind of loud kettle- 
drum or gong_, < fixf> vxn, a sound, esp. a loud 
sound, roar, rixtiv, sound, ring: see echo.] In 
arch., one of the sonorous bell-shaped vases of 
bronze or clay which the ancients are said to 
have introduced in the construction of their 
theaters to give greater power to the voices of 
the actors. See acoustic vessel, under acoustic. 
Echeveria (ech-e-ve'ri-a), n. [NL., named af- 
ter Echeveri, a botanic artist.] A genus of suc- 
culent plants, natural order Crassulacea;, chiefly 
natives of Mexico. It is now included in the 
genus Cotyledon. 
echiaster (ek-i-as'tfer), . [NL., prop, eehinas- 
ter (which is used in another application: see 
Erhinaster), < Gr. exivor,, hedgehog, + arjrljp, a 
star.] 1. A kind of stellate sponge-spicule. 
Sollas. 2. [cap.] A genus of coleopterous 
insects. Eriehson. 
Echidna (e-kid'na), . [NL., < L. echidna, < Gr. 
f.t'oVa, an adder, viper, < ca''f> & n adder, viper: 
see Echis.] 1. In tenth., agenus of anguilliform 
fishes : generally accounted a synonym of Mvras- 
