echinococcus 
the so-called hydatids occurring in the liver, Echinodermaria (e-ki"no-der-ma'ri-a), n. pi. 
brain, etc., of man and other animals; the [NL., as Echinoderma + -ana.} A group ot 
hydatid form of the wandered scolex of Tcenia echinoderms. DC Blainville, 1830. 
echinococcus, having deutoscolices or daughter- Echinodermata (e-ki-no-der ma-ta), n. pi. 
cysts formed by gemmation. This hydatid is that [NL., neut. pi. of echinodermatus : see eclmio- 
of the tapeworm of the dog, having several tenia-heads J A - 1 1 ^.-~i * +- 
Echinoneus 
, 
in the cyst; it may occur in man, commonly in the liver, 
giving rise to very serious disease. The word was origi- 
nally a genus name, given by Rudolphi before the relation- 
ship to Tcenia was known ; it is now used as the name of 
the larval stage of the tapeworm whose specific name is 
the same. See cut under Tcenia. 
In Echinococcus the structure of the cystic worm is 
. . . complicated by its proliferation, the result of which 
is the formation of many bladder-worms, inclosed one 
within the other, and contained in a strong laminated sac 
or cyst, apparently of a chitinous nature, secreted by the 
parasite. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 186. 
EcMnoconidae (e-ki-no-kon'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Echinoeonvs + -idw.] A family of fossil reg- 
ular sea-urchins. 
Echinoconus (e-ki-no-ko'nus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ex'vof, a hedgehog, H- navof, a cone: see cone.] 
The typical genus of Eehinoconidce. Sreyn. 
Echinocoridse (e-kl-no-kor'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Echiiwcorus + -idee'.'] A family of irregular 
dermatoits.] A phylum or subkingdom of i 
zoic animals; the echinoderms. They rei 
meta- 
. 'epresent 
one of the most distinct types of the animal kingdom, 
agreeing with coeleuterates in having a radiate or actino- 
meric arrangement of parts, usually pentamerous or by 
fives or tens, a digestive canal, a water-vascular or ambu- 
lacral apparatus, a true blood-vascular system, and the in- 
tegument indurated by calcareous deposits, as either gran- 
ules, spicules, or hard plates forming a shell. The ali- 
mentary canal is distinct from the general body-cavity ; 
there is a deuterostomatous oral orifice or mouth, and 
usually an anus. The sexes are mostly distinct. The spe- 
cies undergo metamorphosis ; the free-swimming ciliated 
embryo is known as a pluteus, in some cases as an echi- 
noptedium (see cut under echinupcedium) ; the adult form 
is usually assumed by a complicated kind of secondary 
development from the larval form, which is mostly bilat- 
eral. The Echinodermata were so named by Klein in 1734, 
and in Cuvier's system were the first class of his Radiata ; 
they are still sometimes reduced to a class with the Ccelen- 
terata. As a subkingdom they are divisible into foul- 
classes : Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Holothu- 
rioidea, or the crinoids, sea-urchins, starfishes, and sea- 
cucumbers. As a class they are sometimes divided direct- 
sea-urchins, chiefly of the Cretaceous formation. ]y into seven orders: Echinoidea (sea-urchins), Asteroidea 
EchinOCOrus (ek-i-nok'o-rus), re. [NL., < Gr. (starfishes), Ophimoidea (sand-stars and brittle-stars). 
, 
Crinoidea (feather-stars), Cystoidea (extinct), Blastoidea 
All are 
%rfvSTenu r s of Eel %LZia<? ^^iST^^S^^SSSSS^ 
bug.J Ihe typical genus ot jiciimoconaa:. marine Al30 Echinoderma. 
Schroter. 
Echinocrepis (e-kl-no-kre'pis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ixiv of , a hedgehog, sea-urchin, + KpTfx'u;, a boot.] 
A genus of spatangoid sea-urchins, or heart- 
urchins, of the family Spatangidw, of a trian- 
gular form, with the anal system on the lower 
or actinal surface. E. cuneata is a deep-sea 
form of southern seas. Agassis, 1879. 
Echinocystis (e-kl-no-sis'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
exivof, a hedgehog, + itvarif, a bladder : see cyst.] 
Acueurbitaceousgenusof plants of the eastern echinodermatOUS (e-kl-no-der'ma-tus), a. 
The organization of the Echinodermata does in fact ap- 
pear so different from that of the ccelenterates, and seems 
to belong to a so much higher grade of development, that 
the combination of the two groups as Radiata is inadmis- 
sible, and so much the more so since the radial arrange- 
ment of the structure exhibits some transitions towards a 
bilateral symmetry. The Echinodennata are separated 
from the Co3lenterata by the possession of a separate ali- 
mentary canal and vascular system, and also by a number 
of peculiar features both of organization and of develop- 
ment. Claus, Zoology (trans.), I. 267. 
[< 
Diagram of an Echinus (stripped of its spines), 
a. mouth; a', gullet; b, teeth; r.lips; d, alveoli; e, falces: f.f. 
auricularise ; ?. retractor, and ft, protractor, muscles of Aristotle's lan- 
tern ; i, madreporic canal ; *, circular ambulacra! vessel ; /, Polian 
vesicle ; rri, , e , o, ambulacra! vessels ; /, A pedal vesicles ; q, q, 
pedicels; r, r, spines; j, tubercle; s' t tubercle to which a spinels 
articulated ; /, /, pedicellariae ; it, anus ; v, madreporic tubercle ; x. 
ocular spot. 
Echinolampadidse (e-ki"no-lam-pad'i-de), . 
pi. [NL., < Ecliinolampas (-fad-) + -idee.] A 
family of irregular sea-urchins. See Cassidu- 
lidce^. Also EcUinolampidte. 
Echinolampas (e-ki-no-lam'pas), n. [NL.,also 
Echinolamjiiis ; < Gr. 'cfivof, a hedgehog, sea- 
urchin, + Ad/iTn?, Xa^ffdf (-Trao-), a torch : see 
lamp.] A genus of irregular sea-urchins, of the 
family Cassidulidat, or giving name to a family 
Echinolampadida. 
Echinometra (e-ki-no-met'ra), n. [NL., < Gr. 
iy-pa, the largest kind of sea-urchin, < 
, a hedgehog, sea-urchin, + /iJ/rpa, womb.] 
NL. echinodermattis, < Gr. x iv i a hedgehog, 
sea-urchin, + &/>,<z(r-), skin.] Having a spicu- 
late or indurated skin ; specifically, of or per- 
taining to the echinoderms or Echinodermata. 
United States, of a single annual species, E. 
lobata. It has numerous white flowers, and an oval, 
prickly fruit, which becomes dry and bladdery, and opens 
at the top for the discharge of the seeds. It is frequently 
cultivated for ornament, and is known as the wild balsam, 
apple. By some authorities the genus is extended to in- 
c^i^v^, il u,;iim in';^, I VC 1 J 'I, Aicv^ii.j ^i Diugu "VI* "J ** v *6 v '~"e' 3 ' ~ J 
lar genus of minute worm-like animals of un- 1. In entom., a genus of beetles, of the family 
certain position, supposed to be intermediate Histerida, with two North American species, E. 
in some respects between the wheel-animal- setiger and E. decipiens. 2. A genus of insec- 
cules and the crustaceans. The rounded head is tivorous mammals : same as Hemicentetes. 
furnished with recurved hooks, and is succeeded by 10 EcMnOglOSSa (e-ki-no-glos'a), n. pi. [NL., < 
or 11 distinct segments, the last of which is bifurcated; g r _ i x i vofj a hedgehog, + yKuaaa, the tongue.] 
A grade or series of Mollusca, represented by the 
gastropods, cephalopods, pteropods, and scaph- 
opods, as collectively distinguished from the 
Lipoglossa (which see) alone, in E. R. Lankester's 
arrangement of Molltisca, the Echinogloxsa are divided into 
three classes : Gastropoda, Cephalopoda (including Piero- 
poda), and Scaphopoda. Odontophora is a synonym. 
echinoglossal (e-ki-no-glos'al), o. and n. [< 
Echinoglossa + -al.] I. a. Pertaining to or hav- 
ing the characters of the Echinoglossa. 
- , - - , , -,, . II. re. A member of the Echinoqlossa. 
gle cephahcganglion; and eye-spots are present. Itisthe -L. .j / , -/ ..-. * rs n ' - 
typical genus of the family Echinoderidce. E. dujardini OChmOld (e-kl'noid), a. and n. [< Gr. ex'VO(, a 
is an example. It is a small marine worm, scarcely half hedgehog, sea-urchin, + tfrtof, form. Cf. Echt- 
a millimeter long, with a distinct retractile head, caudal nodes.] I a. 1 . Having the form or appearance 
8 e'ar'anc'e of se^nfentetio^ a}OnS the b dy> 8 ' Ving *" " P " of a sea - urcnin : ir ? entomology, applied to cer- 
EchinocUres ditjardini, greatly enlarged. 
the segments bear paired sette ; there are no limbs, and 
the nervous system appears to be represented by a sin- 
tain insect-eggs which are shaped like an echi- 
nus, and covered with crowded deep pits. 2. 
Pertaining to the Echinoidea. 
II. n. In sool., one of the Echinoidea. 
The spheroidal echinoids, in reality, depart further from 
the general plan and from the embryonic form than the 
elongated spatangoids do. Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 223. 
Claui, ZoSlogy (trans! J, I. 404. Echinoidea (ek-i-noi'de-a), n. pi. [NL., < Echi- 
echinoderm (e-kl'no-derm), . and n. [< Eclii- nus + -oidea.] A class of the phylum or sub- 
noderma.] I. a. Having a prickly covering; kingdom Echinodermata; the sea-urchins or 
sea-eggs. They have a rounded, depressed (not elongat* 
Echinoderidae (e-kl-no-der'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Echinoderes + -idai.] A family of animal- 
cules, by some considered related to the roti- 
fers, based upon the genus Echinoderes. It is 
often located with the gastrotrichous worms. 
Echinoderidce, which Dnjardin and Greet regarded as 
;onnecting links between Venues and Arthropoda. 
echinodermatous. 
II. re. Any one of the Echinodermata. 
All eckinvderms have a calcareous skeleton, and many 
are provided with movable spines. A characteristic ap- 
paratus of vessels, termed the ambulacra! or water-vascu- 
lar system, is present. It is composed of a ring round the 
pharnyx, from which proceed a number of radiating ca- 
nals, commonly giving off cffical appendages (Polian vesi- 
cles), as well as branches which enter the retractile tube- 
feet, often furnished with a terminal disk or sucker, which 
with the spines are the organs of locomotion. The madre- 
poric canal connects the pharyngeal ring with the exte- 
rior. Pascoe, Zool. Class., p. 40. 
Echinoderma (e-ki-no-der'ma), n. pi. [NL. : 
see Echinodermata.] 'Same as Echinodermata. 
Owen. 
echinodermal (e-ki-no-der'mal), a. [< echino- 
derm + -al.] Same as eehinodermatoits. 
The harder, spine-clad or echinodermal species perplex 
the most patient and persevering dissector by the extreme 
complexity and diversity of their constituent parts. 
Owen, Anat., x. 
ed) form, subspherical, cordiform, or discoid, inclosed in 
a test or shell composed of many calcareous plates closely 
and usually immovably connected, studded with tubercles 
and bearing movable spines, and perforated in some places 
for the emission of tube-feet; an oral and anal orifice 
always present, a convoluted intestine, a water-vascular 
system, a blood-vascular system, and sometimes respira- 
tory as well as ambulatory appendages. The perforated 
plates are the ambulacra, alternating with imperforate in- 
terambulacral plates ; there are usually five pairs of each. 
The anus is dorsal or superior, the mouth ventral or infe- 
rior ; the latter in many forms has a complicated internal 
skeleton. The general arrangement of parts is radiate or 
actinpmeric, with meridional divisionsof parts ; but bilater- 
ality is recognizable in many adults, and perfectly expressed 
in the larval forms. The Echinoidea are divisible into Jte- 
yularia, Desmosticha, or Endocyclica, containing the ordi- 
nary symmetrically globose forms, as Cidaris, Echinus, and 
Echinometra and the Irregularia, Petalosticha, or Exocy- 
clica, containing the cake-urchins and heart-urchins, or 
the clypeastroids and spatangoids (respectively sometimes 
erected into the orders Clypeastrtda and Spatangida) ; to- 
gether with the Paleozoic echinoids, which in some systems 
constitute a third order, Paliechinoidea. Also Echinoida. 
Echitiomttra cilonffata, with spines in part removed to show the 
plates of the test. 
The typical genus of regular sea-urchins of 
the family Echinometrid(e. E. oblongata is an 
example. 
Echlnometridse (e-ki-no-met'ri-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Echinometra + -idee.] A family of reg- 
ular desmostichous or endoeyclical sea-urchins, 
of the order Endocyclica or Cidaridea, having 
a long oval shell, imperforate tubercles, oral 
branchiae, and ambulacral areas in arcs of more 
than three pairs of pores. Echinometra and 
Podophora are the leading genera. 
Echinomyia (e-kl-no-mi'i-a), n. [NL. (Dume'ril, 
1806), < Gr. ex'' v f, a hedgehog, + puia, a fly.] 
A genus of flies, of the family Tachinidte, com- 
prising large bristly species of a black or black- 
ish-gray color, usually with reddish-yellow 
sides of the abdomen or with glistening white 
bands. Among them are the largest European flies of 
the family Muscidce in a broad sense, but none have yet 
been found in America. They are parasitic upon cater- 
pillars. Also Echinojnya. 
Echinomyidae (e-ki-no-mi'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Echinomys + -Ida:.] Same as Echimyidai. 
Echinomyinee (e-kl"no-mi-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., 
< Echinmnys + -ina;.] ' Same as Echimyince. 
Echinomys (e-ki'no-mis), n. [NL., < Gr. ex'vof, 
a hedgehog, + /jvf '= E. mouse.] Same as JSchi- 
mys. Wagner, 1840. 
Echinoneidse (e-kl-no-ne'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Echinoneus + -idte.] ' A family of irregular sea- 
urchins, typified by the genus Ecliinoneus. Also 
written Echinonidic and Echinoncides. 
Echinonemata (e-ki-no-ne'ma-ta), n.pl. [NL., 
< Gr. X' V (, a hedgehog. + "vtyia, pi. i%ara, a 
thread, < VFIV, spin.] A subordinal or other 
group of ceratosilicious sponges, having spic- 
ules of two or more kinds, there being smooth, 
double-pointed ones in the ceratode, and rough, 
single-pointed ones standing partly exposed. 
Echinoneus (ek-i-nd'ne-us), n. [NL., < Gr. exi- 
vof, a hedgehog, sea-urchin, + veof = E. neic.] 
A genus of irregular sea-urchins, of the family 
( 'uxxidulidte, or giving name to a family Echino- 
neida: 
