echinopaedia 
echinopsedia, w. Plural of eehinopaedium. 
echinopaedic (e-ki-no-pe'dik), a. [< -h'uini><r- 
(liiini + -ic.] Of or pertaining to the eobmo- 
pajdium of an echinodenn ; auriciilarian. See 
Holothiiriniili-it. 
echinopaedium (o-ki-no-pe'di-um), n. ; pi. n-lii- 
wpirdia (-&). [NL., <' (.ir. ex'vof, a hedgehog, 
4- naiiiov, dim. of jrnif (irw*-), a child.] Tho 
early larval stage of an echinodenn : a name 
Diagram of Cchlnopjedia, much enlarged. 
A, common primitive form of R<hin9tUrmata, whence ff,fi',tL vermi- 
form holothurid, and C, C , a pluteiform ophiurid or echinid (pluteusj 
larva are derived: a, mouth; b, stomach; f, intestine* rf, anus; r, 
ciliated band. 
given by Huxley to the primitive generalized 
type-form of the Echinodermata, illustrated by 
the bilaterally symmetrical embryonic stage of 
nearly all members of that class. See the ex- 
tract. 
In many Echinoderms, the radial symmetry, even In 
the adult, la more apparent than real, Inasmuch as a me- 
dian plane can be found, the parts on each side of which 
are disposed symmetrically in relation to that plane. 
With a few exceptions, the embryo leaves the egg as 
a bilaterally symmetrical larva, provided with ciliated 
bands, and otherwise similar to a worm-larva, which may 
be termed an Echinopcediuni. The conversion of the 
Echinopcedium into an Echinoderm is effected by the de- 
velopment of an enterocoele, and Its conversion Into the 
peritoneal cavity and the ambulacra! system of veins and 
nerves, and by the metamorphosis of the mesoderm into 
radially-disposed antimeres, the result of which is the 
more or less complete obliteration of the primitive bilat- 
eral symmetry of the animal. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 466. 
=8yn. Echinopcedium, Pluteug. Echinopeedium is the 
more general term, used by Its proposer to cover any em- 
bryonic or larval stage of any echinoderm from the gas- 
trula stage to the assumption of its specific characters. A 
pluteus is a special pluteiform larva of some echinodenus, 
as the holothurians, ophiuriaus, and echinids proper. 
echinoplacid (e-ki-no-plas'id), a. [< Gr. ex'vof, 
a hedgehog, + r^<ij Tnfla/c-), anything flat, a 
plate, etc., 4- -id 2 .] Having a circlet of spines 
on the madreporic plate, 
as a starfish: opposed 
to anccninoplacia. 
I Echinopora(ek-i-nop'o- 
rii), . [NL., < Gr. ' 
vof, a hedgehog, + 
a passage: see pore.~\ 
The typical genus of 
stone-corals of the fam- 
ily Echinoporidoe. La- 
marck. 
Echinoporidae (e-ki-no-por'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Echinopora + -idee.} A family of stone- 
corals, of the order Sclerodermata, typified by 
the genus Echinopora. 
Echinoprocta (e-ki-no-prok'tft), n. [NL., fern. 
of echiiioproctus : see echinoproctous.] A genus 
of porcupines : 
same as Erethi- 
zon. J.E.Gray, 
1865. 
echinoproctous 
(o-ki-no-prok'- 
tus), a.' [<NL. 
ecliinoproctus, < 
Gr. ex'ivos, a 
hedgehog, + 
irpuicrof, the 
rump.] Having 
a spiny or prick- 
ly rump: spe- 
cifically applied 
to porcupines 
of the genus 
EcliitHipracta or 
l-'ri'tli i_~. 
Echinops (e-W- 
nops), ii. [NL., 
< Gr. ixlvos, a 
hedgehog, + 
schi*cfs Kut/unffia. 
1833 
like habit, remarkable for having its one-flow- 
ered heads crowded in dense terminal clusters 
resembling the ordinary flower-head of the or- 
der. There are about 75 species, natives of the Mediter- 
ranean region and eastward, mostly perennials. A few 
species are occasionally cultivated for ornament, and are 
known as globe-thistles. 
2. A genus of Madagascan insectivorous mam- 
mals, of the family Ccntetida 1 , containing the 
sokinah, E. tclfairi. Martin, 1838. 
Echinoptilidae (e-ki-nop-til'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Echinoptilum + -idle.] A family of pennatu- 
lid polyps, of the section Juncijormes, typified 
by the genus Echinoptilum, having no axis. 
Echinoptilum (ek-i-nop'ti-lum), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ex'WK, a hedgehog, + irriMv, a feather, wing.] 
The typical genus of Echinoptilidte. The type 
is /-'. macintoshii of Japan. 
echinorhinid (e-ki-no-rin'id), . A shark of 
the family Echinorhinidte. 
Echinqrhinidae (e-ki-no-rin'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Echinorhinus + -idoi.] A family of sharks, 
represented by the genus Echinorhinus. The 
body is very stout and surmounted by scattered thorn-like 
tubercles, the anal An wanting, and the first dorsal rather 
nearer the pectoral than the ventral fins. Also called 
Echinorhinttidcc. 
echinorhinoid (e-ki-no-ri'noid), a. and n. [< 
Echinorhinus + -aid.] I. a. Of or relating to 
the Echinorhinidte. 
II. n. An echinorhinid. 
Echinorhinus (e-ki-no-ri'nus), . [NL., < Gr. 
ix~">s, a hedgehog, -f- ptv6f, skin, hide.] A 
genus of selachians, or sharks, typical of the 
6chiquete. 
resemblance to the Anli-ri'ln. The genera Echi- 
Hotliiirin. I'uli; ria, and Phormottoma are exam- 
ples. 
Echinothuriidae (e-ki'no-thu-ri'i-de), . /./. 
[NL., < l-'.rliiiio- 
II, n i HI + -iila: ] 
A family of reg- 
ular endooy<'li- 
cal or desmos- 
tichous sea-ur- 
chins, having 
the plates of 
the shell over- 
lapping or mov- 
ably connected 
by soft parts, 
as in the gen- 
era Asthenosoma 
and Phormosoma. Also written Echinothuridoe. 
Echinozoa (e-ki-no-zo'ft), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
ixivof, a hedgehog, + fvov, pi. Cv, an animal.] 
Allman's name of the series of animals which 
Huxley called Annnloida. 
echinulate (e-kin'u-lat). a. [< NL. *echinulu#, 
dim. of L. echinus,'* hedgehog, + -ate 1 .] Hav- 
ing small prickles ; minutely prickly or spiny. 
s), .; pi. echini (-ni). [L., <Gr. 
Fragment of a Fossil Echinus 
{EckinothMria Jtoris). 
Sptnous Shark (Echinorhinus 
EcHinepora rotelta. 
genus of cyna- 
roid Composita 
with a thistle- 
X e P~ 
family Ecliinorhinida;: so called because the tu- 
bercles which stud the skin bear spines ; these, 
when detached, leave a scar. E. spinosus is the 
spinous shark of European, African, and Ameri- 
can waters. 
Echinorhynchidae (e-ki-no-ring'ki-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Echinorhynchus +' -idee.'] The typical 
and only family of nematelminth parasitic 
worms of the order Acanthocephala (which see), 
having the sexes distinct, no oral orifice or ali- 
mentary canal, and the head consisting of a 
protrnsile proboscis armed with hooks, whence 
the name. They are formidable, worm-like internal 
parasites, with gregarina-like embryos, becoming encyst- 
ed like cestoid worms. Besides Echinorhynchus, the 
family contains the genus Coleops. The species are nu- 
merous. 
Echinorhynchus (e-ki-no-ring'kus), . [NL., 
< Gr. fx'vos, a hedgehog, -t- frvyxf, snout.] The 
typical genus of the family Echinorhynchidce. 
See cut under Acanthocephala. 
The numerous species of the genus Echinorhynchus live 
principally in the alimentary canal of different vertebrata ; 
the gut-wall may be as it were sown with these animals. 
Claui, Zoology (trans.), I. 32. 
In their sexual state, the parasites which constitute the 
genus Echinorhynchus inhabit the various classes of the 
Vertebrata, while they are found In the Invertebrataonly 
In a sexless condition. HuxUy, Anat. Invert., p. 553. 
Echinosoma (e-ki-no-so'ma), n. [NL.,< Gr. 
cX'vof, a hedgehog, sea-urchin, + ou/m, body.] 
1 . A genus of apneunio nous holothurians, of the 
family Oncinolabidce, having filiform tentacles 
and five rows of tube-feet. 2. In entom.: (a) 
A genus of earwigs, of the family Forficulida. 
Serville, 1838. (6) A genus of weevils, of the 
family Curculionidce, containing one Madeiran 
species, E. porcellus. Wollaston, 1854. 
Echinqstomata (e-ki-no-sto'ma-ta), n.pl. [NL.. 
< Gr. ex'vof, a hedgehog, + oTo/ttj(r-), mouth.] 
A group of Vermes. RudolpM. 
Echinostrobus (ek-i-nos'tro-bus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. e^ivoc, a hedgehog, + o-fpd/3oc, a twisting, < 
arptyeiv, turn.] A fossil genus of conifers, insti- 
tuted by Schimper, and closely allied to Tltuijti 
(which see), and also resembling Arthrotaxis in 
its foliation. They occur in the lithographic stones (Ju- 
rassic) of Solenhofen in Bavaria, and in other localities of 
Jurassic rocks in Europe. 
Echinothuria (e-ki-no-thu'ri-a), . [NL., < 
Gr. cxlvos, a hedgehog, + Oipiov, dim. of Otpa 
= E. door.'] A fossil genus of regular sea- 
urchins, giving name to a family ScUnotimrUda. 
Echinothurida (e-ki-no-thu'ri-da), .;j/. [NL., 
< Ecliiiiot/i uriii + -ida.~\ In Gegenbaur's system 
of classification, a subordiual group of desmos- 
tichous Echinoidea, having a movable dermal 
skeleton and presenting some other points of 
echinus (e-ki'nus 
e'***, the hedgehog, urchin, prop, 
, land-urchin, as distinguished from 
yioc,, the sea-urchin ; = Lith. ezya = OBulg. 
jezi = AS. tail, and contr. it = D. egel = OHG. igil, 
MHG. G. igel = MLG. LG. egel = Icel. igull, a 
hedgehog.] 1. A hedgehog. 2. A sea-urchin. 
3. [cap."] [NL.] A Linnean genus (1735), 
formerly used with great latitude, now the typi- 
cal genus of the family Echinidee, containing 
such sea-urchins or sea-eggs as E. spliocra, the 
common British species, or the Mediterranean 
E. esculentus, which is extensively used for food, 
the ovaries being 
eaten. The genus may 
be taken to exemplify 
not only the family to 
which It pertains, but 
the whole order of reg- 
ular sea-eggs, and the 
class of sea-urchins it- 
self. The shape is de- 
pressed-globose, with 
centric mouth and 
anus ; the shell or test 
is hard, immovable, mc- 
ridlonally divided into 
five pairs of imperforate 
alternating with flvu 
pai rs of perforate plates, 
the plates studded with 
tubercles, and in life bearing movable spines. 
forate plates are the ambulacra, emitting the tub 
The mouth has a complicated systm of plates, constituting 
the object known, when detached, as Aristotle's lantern 
(which see, under lantern). A sea-urchin is comparable 
to a starfish with the five arms bent upward and their 
ends brought together in the center over the back of the 
animal, and then soldered together throughout, with the 
modification of internal structure which such an arrange- 
ment of the parts would necessarily entail. 
4. In arch., the convex projecting molding 
of eccentric curve in Greek examples, support- 
ing the abacus of the Doric capital ; hence, the 
Sea-urchin (J-.tftiHus esculmtus). 
Left side in natural state ; rig ht side 
with the spines removed, showing the 
bare plates. 
The per- 
>e-feet. 
A Capital of the Parthenon. f. Echinus. 
corresponding feature in capitals of other or- 
ders, or any molding of similar profile to the 
Doric echinus. Such moldings are often sculp- 
tured or painted with the egg-and-dart orna- 
ment. 
In this instance the abacus is separated from the shaft ; 
there is a bold echinus and a beaded necking ; in fact, all 
the members of the Grecian order, only wanting the ele- 
gance which the Greeks added to it. 
J. Fergvssm, Hist. Arch., I. 342, note. 
6chiquet6 (a-she-ke-ta'), a. [F., formerly eschi- 
guete, formed (with prefix es-, e- (< L. ex-), out, 
off, instead of des-, de-, d&- (< L. dc-), of, off) 
from dichiqucte. pp. of dechtquettr, divide into 
checks, under influence of rchiguier, a checker- 
board: see cheek 1 . The regular OF. form is 
