gchiquete 
csclieque : see cheeky.'] In her., same as cheeky. 
Also written echiquette. 
Echis (ek'is), n. [NL., < Gr. ex's, an adder, vi- 
per, akin to L. anguis, a snake : see Aiiguis and 
anger 1 .'] A genus of Indian vipers, of the fam- 
ily Viperidce, including venomous solenoglypk 
forms of small size, having fewer ventral scutes 
than the African vipers, simple subcaudal 
scutes, imbricated carinate scales on the head, 
in two rows between the eyes and the labial 
plates, and small nostrils in a large divided 
nasal plate. E. carinata is a common species, 
20 inches or less in length. Merrem, 1820. 
Called Toxicoa by Gray. 
Echitonium (ek-i-to'ni-um), . [NL., < L. 
echite, a kind of clematis; or < L. cchitis, Gr. 
cxiTK, a kind of stone ; < Gr. ex'C , an adder, vi- 
per : see Echis.] A genus of fossil plants, in- 
stituted by Unger. The genus is phanerogamous, ami 
is said by Schimper to be analogous to Echites of Linneeus, 
an intertropical boraginaceous genusof plants occurring in 
Asia and America. They are found in various localities in 
central Europe in the Tertiary. 
Echium (ek'i-um), w. [NL., < Gr. cxiov, a plant 
(Echium rubrum), < ex's, a viper: see Echis.'] 
A genus of boraginaceous plants, tall hairy 
herbs or somewhat shrubby, natives of the old 
world. There are about 60 species, chiefly of the Medi- 
terranean region and South Africa, of which the common 
viper's-bugloss, or blueweed, E. vulgare, with showy blue 
flowers, has become naturalized in some parts of the 
United States. 
Echiuridae (ek-i-u'ri-de), n. pi. [NL., < Eehiu- 
rus + -idw.] The leading family of Eclmtroi- 
dea or chsetiferous gephyreans, having the oral 
end of the body produced into a grooved pro- 
boscis, containing the long esophageal com- 
missures which meet in front without gangli- 
onic enlargement, and having on the ventral 
side two hooked sets anteriorly, with some- 
times circles of setse posteriorly, the mouth be- 
low the proboscis at its base, and the anus ter- 
minal. The leading genera are Echiurus, Bonellia, and 
Thalassema. The Echiuridae are made by Lankester a 
class of the animal kingdom under the phylum Gephyrca. 
echiuroid (ek-i-u'roid), a. and n. [< Echiurus 
+ -aid.'] I. a. Cheetiferous, as a gephyrean; 
of or pertaining to the Echiuroidea. 
II. n. A member of the Echiuroidea. 
Echiuroidea (ek'i-u-roi'de-S), u. pi. [NL., < 
Echiurus + -oidea.] An order of Gephyrea, 
the chsetif erous gephyreans. They have a terminal 
anus, and a mouth at the base of a preoral proboscis. The 
group contains the families Echiuridae and Sternaspidae, 
and is equivalent to a gephyreau order Chcetifera. 
The Echiuroidea or chsetiferous gephyrea present no 
external segmentation of their elongated and contractile 
body ; they have, however, in the young state, the rudi- 
ments of 15 metameres. Claus, Zoology (trans.), I. 389. 
Echiurus (ek-i-u'rus), n. [NL. (for "Echidurus), 
< Gr, l%if (X'$-)t an adder, viper, + oiipa, a tail.] 
A genus of chsetopho- 
roug gephyreans (one 
of the group Chcetiferi 
of Gegenbaur), armed 
with two strong setffl 
on the ventral side 
(whence the name). 
The cuticle develops chiti- 
uous processes, and there 
is a communication be- 
tween the rectum and 
the perivisceral cavity by 
means of a pair of tubu- 
lar organs which are cili- 
ated internally and at 
their apertures. It is the 
typical genus of the family 
Echiuridce. E. vallasi of the North Sea is an example. 
Also written Ecniuris. 
echlorophyllose (e-klo-ro-fir 6s), a. [< NL. 
"echlorophyllosus, < L. e- priv. + chlorophyllum. 
chlorophyl: see clilorophyl, chlorophyllous.j 
Without chlorophyl. Braithwaite. 
echo (ek'6), n. ; pi. echoes (-6z). [Altered (after 
L.) from earlier spelling; early mod. E. also 
echoe, eccho; < ME. ecco, ekko = D. G. echo 
= Dan. echo, ekko = Sw. eko = OF. eqo, P. 
Geho = Sp. eco = Pg. ecco, echo = It. eco, < L. 
echo (ML. also ecco), < Gr. j/x&, a sound, an 
echo; cf. nxf, TO7, a sound, noise, fac-iv, sound, 
ring, etc.] 1. A sound repeated by reflection 
or reverberation from some obstructing sur- 
face; sound heard again at its source; reper- 
cussion of sound: as, an echo from a distant 
hill. Sound being produced by waves or pulses of the 
air, when such waves meet an opposing surface, as a wall, 
they are reflected like light-waves (see reflection); the 
sound so heard, as if originating behind the reflecting sur- 
face, is an echo. The echo of a sound returns to the point 
whence the sound originated if the reflecting surface is 
at right angles to a line drawn to it from that point. An 
oblique surface reflects the sound in another direction, so 
that it may be heard elsewhere, though not at the point 
1834 
Eciton 
where the sound originated. If the direct and reflected 
sounds succeed one another with great rapidity, which 
happens when the reflecting surface is near, the echo only 
clouds the original sound, but is not heard distinctly; and 
it is such indistinct echoes that interfere with the hearing 
in churches and other large buildings. An interval of 
about one ninth of asecond is necessary to discriminate two 
successive sounds; and as sound passes through the at- 
mosphere at the rate of about 1,125 feet in a second, V of 
The whole nation was echoing his verse, and crowded 
theatres were applauding his wit and humour. 
/. D' Israeli, Calam. of Authors, I. 159. 
They would have echoed the praises of the men whom 
they envied, and then have sent to the newspapers libels 
upon them. Macaulay. 
3. To imitate as an echo; repeat or reproduce 
inospneruuL me rate ui ttuuum,*^ IGCU in ock..iu, IB wi the sounds, utterances, or sentiments of: as, 
1,125, or about 62 feet, will be the least distance at which t jj e moc kinc-bird echoes nearly all other crea- 
an echo can be heard ; and this will be distinct only in T>nilr nurlinr 
the case of a sharp, sudden sound. The walls of a house tures; to echo a popular autl 
And the true art for. . . popular display is to contrive 
the best forms for appearing to say something new, when 
in reality you are but echoing yourself. 
De Quiiicey, Style, i. 
echoer (ek'o-er), n. One who echoes. 
Followers and echoers of other men. 
IT. Howitt, Visits to Remarkable Places (Amer. ed., 1842), 
(p. 131. 
. the ramparts of a city, the surface of a cloud, a wood, 
rocks, mountains, and valleys produce echoes. Some 
echoes are remarkable for their frequency of repetition, 
and are called multiple or tautological echoes. 
Folweth Ekko, that holdeth no silence, 
But ever answereth at the countretaille. 
Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 1. 1132. 
The babbling echo mocks the hounds, 
Replying shrilly to the well-tuu'd horns, 
As if a double hunt were heard at once. 
The Scriptures are God's voice ; the church is his echo, 
a redoubling, a repeating of some particular syllables 
and accents of the same voice. Donne, Sermons, xiv. 
Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild -echoes flying, 
And answer, echoes, answer, dying, dying, dying. 
Tennyson, Princess, iii. (song). 
v ik), a. [= Sp. ecoico = Pg. echoico, 
Shak., Tit. And., it 3. < LL_ echotcus, echoing, riming (of verses), < L. 
2. [cap.] In classical myth., an oread or moun- 
tain nymph, who, according to a usual form of 
the myth, pined away for love of the beautiful 
youth Narcissus till nothing remained of her echoism (ek o-izm), n 
echoic (ek'o-il 
< LL. echoicius, eciiomg, 
echo, echo : see echo.'} Pertaining to or formed 
by echoism ; onomatopoetic. See extract un- 
der echoism. 
echoicalt (e-ko'i-kal), a. [< echoic + -al.~\ Hav- 
ing the nature of an echo. Nares. [Rare.] 
An echoicall verse, wherein the sound of the last sylla- 
ble doth agree with the last save one, as in an echo. 
Nomenclator. 
-ism.~\ In 
[< echo 
but her voice. 
Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen 
Within thy aery shell. Milton, Comus, 1. 230. 
3. Figuratively, a repetition of the sentiments 
of others ; reproduction of the ideas or opinions 
of others, either in speech or in writing. 
It is the folly of too many to mistake the echo of a Lon- 
don coffeehouse for the voice of the kingdom. 
Swift, Conduct of the Allies. 
4. In music, the very soft repetition of a short 
phrase, particularly in orchestral or organ mu- 
sic. In large organs an echo-organ is sometimes pro- 
vided for echo-like effects; it consists of pipes shut up 
in a tight box, or removed to a distance from the organ 
proper, and controlled by a separate keyboard or by sep- 
A single stop so used or placed is called an 
philol., the fo'rmation of words by the echoing 
or imitation of natural sounds, as those caused 
by the motion of objects, as buzz, whizz, or the 
characteristic cries of animals, as cuckoo, chick- 
adee, whip-poor-will, etc. ; onomatoposia. [Re- 
cent.] 
Onomatopoiia, in addition to its awkwardness, has 
neither associative nor etymological application to words 
imitating sounds. It means word-making or word-coining, 
and is as strictly applicable to Comte's altruisme as to 
cuclcoo. Echoism suggests the echoing of a sound heard, 
and has the useful derivatives echoist, echoize, and echoic, 
instead of onomatopoetic, which is not only unmanageable, 
but, when applied to words like cuckoo, crack, erroneous ; 
it is the voice of the cuckoo, the sharp sound of breaking, 
which is onomatopoetic or word-creating, not the echoic 
words which they create. 
J. A. H. Murray, 9th Ann. Address to Philol. Soc. 
arate stops. 
5. In P arch., a wall or vault, etc., having the echoist (ek'o-ist), n. [< echo + -ist.~\ One who 
property of reflecting sounds or of producing forms words by the imitation or echoing of 
an echo. 6. [con.] [NL.] In zo67., a genusof sounds. See echoism. [Recent.] 
neuropterous insects. Selys, 1853 To the echo, echoize (ek'o-iz), v. .; pret. and pp. echoized, 
tion of sound ; hence, loudly ; ppi.echoizing. [< eclio + -ize.\ To form words 
by echoing or imitating sounds. See echoism. 
[Recent.] 
echolalia (ek-o-la'li-a), . [NL., < Gr. fou, an 
echo, + Aa/Ud,' babbling, < ?.a/UZv, babble.] In 
pathol., the repetition by the patient in a mean- 
ingless way of words and phrases addressed to 
him. It occurs in certain nervous disorders. 
echojess (ek'o-les), a. [< echo + -less.] Giving 
or yielding no echo ; calling forth no response. 
so as to produce a reverberatk __ _. _ , , 
vehemently ; so as to excite attention and response : chiefly 
used with applaud or similar words. 
I would applaud thee to the very echo, 
That would applaud again. 
Shak., Macbeth, v. 3. 
echo (ek'6), v. [< echo, .] I. intrans. 1. To 
emit an echo; reflect or repeat sound; give 
forth an answering sound by or as if by echo. 
And kiss'd her lips with such a clamorous smack, 
That, at the parting, all the church did echo. 
Shale., T. of the S., iii. 2. 
Lord, as I am, I have no pow'r at all, 
To hear thy voice, or echo to thy call. 
Quarles, Emblems, iv. 8. 
How often from the steep 
Of echoing hill or thicket have we heard 
Celestial voices. Milton, P. L., iv. 681. 
Its voice is echoless. Byron, Prometheus. 
echometer (e-kom'e-ter), n. [= F. echometre = 
EdiiurusGaertHfri,aL\xmt natu- 
ral size. 
Sp. ecdmetro = Pg. echometro = It. ecometro, < Gr. 
r;X", echo, + iieTpav, a measure.] In physics, an 
instrument for measuring the duration, the in- 
tervals, and the mutual relation of sounds. 
2. To be reflected or repeated by or as if by echometry (e-kom'e-tri), n. [= F. echometrie 
echo; return or be conveyed to the ear in rep- = S P- ecometria = Pg. echometna = It. ecome- 
etition; pass along by reverberation. </ as echometer H- -/.] 1. The art or act 
Her mitred princes hear the echoina noise, ? f measuring the duration etc of sounds.- 2. 
And, Albion, dread thy wrath and awful Voice. ^ arch., the art of constructing buildings in 
Sir M. Blackmore. conformity with the principles of acoustics. 
Sounds which echo further west CChOSCOpe (ek'o-skop), n. [< Gr. fix", sound, 
Than your sires' "Islands of the Blest." echo, + moTrriv, view.] A stethoscope. 
Byron, Don Juan, iii. 86. ec ho-stop (ek'o-stop), n. See echo, 4. 
In the midst of echoing and re-echoing voices of thanks- EchymyS n. ATI erroneous form of Echimys. 
giving. D. Webster, Adams and Jefferson. Wiegmann, 1838. 
3. To produce a reverberating sound; give out Eciton (es'i-ton), n. [NL. (Latreille, 1804); 
a loud sound. formation not obvious.] A genus of ants called 
Drums and trumpets echo loudly, 
Wave the crimson banners proudly. 
Longfellow, The Black Knight (trans.). 
II. trans. 1. To emit an echo of; reflect the 
sound of, either directly or obliquely ; cause to 
be heard by reverberation : as, the whispering 
gallery of St. Paul's in London echoes very faint 
sounds. 
Never [more shall] the black and dripping precipices 
Echo her stormy scream as she sails by. 
IK. Arnold, Sohrab and Eustum. 
2. To repeat as if by way of echo ; emit a re- 
production of , as sounds, words, or sentiments; 
imitate the sound or significance of. 
Then gan triumphant Trompets sownd on hye, 
That sent to heven the ecchoed report 
Of their new joy, and happie victory. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. xli. 4. Scilm drrfanophorum . 
Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng. Oi x i d ic, ( ii nc shows natural size) ; 6, head of soldier, front 
Dryden, .Eneiil. view ; c, head of male, front view. 
