economy 
It U necessary to banish from the mind the Idea tht we 
live literally besleKetl l>y organisms uhvay.s n j aily t4j sow 
putrefaction on the mucous tract of our ecutwuiits. 
a taut, m 
(<) The regulation and disposition of the internal affairs 
of a state or nation, or of any department of govcriinn nt. 
The Jews already hail a Sabbath, which as citizens ami 
subjects of that economy they were obliged to keep, and 
did keep. raley. 
The theatre was by no moans so essential a part of the 
<VH;<U,/I;/ of :i Roman city as it uas of a Grecian one. 
./. /'. r./uMon, Hist. Arch., I. 323. 
4f. Management; control. [Rare.] 
I shall never ri:c< impose my Features, to receive Sir 
Kowland with any (Ecotwint/ot Face. 
Cuiufrtce, Way of the World, ill. 5. 
Domestic economy. Sec domestic. Economy of 
grace. See grace. Political economy. See political. 
= 8yn. 2. Frit'ialiti/, Ec'tmniui, Thrift. Frugality saves 
by avoiding Iwth waste and needless expense ; Its central 
idea is that of saving. Hconomy goes further, and includes 
prudent management ; :ts, t'connun/ 01 tiiur. Tl-(tt is a 
stronger word for economy ; it is a smart, ambitious, and 
successful economy. 
Luciillus, when frugality could charm, 
Had roasted turnips in the Sabine farm. 
Pope, Moral Essays, I. 218. 
Strict economy enabled him [Frederic William) to keep 
up a peace establishment of sixty thousand troops. 
Jf acaulay, Frederic the Great. 
Thrift, thr(ft, Horatio ! the funeral hak'd meats 
Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. 
Shak., Hamlet, i. 2. 
e converse (e kon-ver'so). [L., lit. from the 
converse : c, ex, from ; converso, abl. of conver- 
sum, neut. of conversus, converse : see converse 2 , 
n.] On the contrary; on the other hand. 
6corch6 (a-kor-sha'), H. [F., lit. flayed, pp. 
of Scorcher, OF. escorcher, flay, > ult. E. scorch : 
see scorch.] In painting and sculp., a subject, 
man or animal, flayed or exhibited as deprived 
of its skin, so that the muscular system is ex- 
posed, for the purposes of study, 
ecorticate (e-kor'ti-kat), a. [< NL. *ecorticatus, 
< L. e- priv. + cortex (cortic-), bark : see corti- 
cate.'] In bot., without a cortical layer: applied 
especially to lichens. 
Ecossaise (a-ko-saz'), n. [P., fern, of Ecossais, 
Scotch: see Scotch 1 .] 1. A species of rustic 
dance of Scotch origin. 2. Music written for 
such a dance, or in imitation of its rhythm. 3. 
In therapeutics, the douche Ecossaise or Scotch 
douche, alternating hot and cold douches. 
The alternation of hotand cold douches, which for some 
unknown reason has got the name of Ecossaise, is a very 
powerful remedy from the strong action and reaction which 
it produces, and is one of very great value. 
Encyc. Brit., III. 439. 
ecostate (e-kos'tat), a. [< NL. ecostatus, < L. 
c- priv. + costa, a rib: see costate."] 1. In bot., 
not costate; without ribs. 2. In nodi. : (a) 
Having no costre, in general ; ribless. (b) Bear- 
ing no ribs, as a vertebra. 
ficoute (a-kof), [F., < faoitter, OF. escouter, 
listen, > ult. E. scon* 1 .] In fort., a small gal- 
lery made in front of the glacis for the shelter 
of troops, designed to annoy or interrupt the 
miners of the enemy. 
Ecpautheria (ek-pan-the'ri-a), u. [NL. (Hiib- 
ner, 1816), so called as being spotted, < Or. en, 
out (here intensive), + irav6i/p, panther or leop- 
ard: see panther.'] A genus of arctiid moths 
chiefly distinguished by the short hind wings, 
and comprising a large number of new-world 
species. Most of them are tropical or subtrop- 
ical, but E. screbania is a well-known North 
American form. 
ecphasist (ek'fa-sis), n. [NL., < Gr, .eKipaat; , a 
declaration, < e/apavai, speak out, < IK, out, + 
Qdmt = L. /art, speak.] In rhct., an explicit 
declaration. 
Ecphimotes, . See Ecphymotes. 
ecphlysis (ek'fli-sis), H. [NL., < Gr. as if *- 
0Awr<f, < iit&bfta>, spurt out, < , out, + ^Afcfeiv, 
f)jiea> t bubble up, burst put.] In pathol., vesic- 
ular eruption, confined in its action to the sur- 
foee. 
ecphonemat (ek-fo-no'mii), . [NL., < Or. - 
<t>ui't/ua, a thing called out, a sermon, (. enQavelv, 
cry out, pronounce, < , out, + (fxwelv, utter a 
sound, < <jiuv/i, the voice, a sound.] A rhetori- 
cal exclamation or ejaculation. See ecpho- 
ticsis. 
ecphoneme (ek'fo-nem), . [< Gr. cK^n'riiia: 
see ecphoneiaa.] The mark of exclamation (!). 
Goolil Ilrmcn. 
ecphonesis (ek-fo-no'sis), H. ; pi. ecphoneses 
(-sez). [NL., < Gr. fKQuin/oic., pronunciation, 
an exclamation, < induveiv, pronounce, cry out : 
see rci>honrta,.] 1. In rhet., a figure which 
consists in the use of an exclamation, question, 
or other form of words used iuterjectioually to 
1837 
express some sudden emotion, such as joy, sor- 
row, fear, wonder, indignation, anger, or impa- 
ticuce. Also called exclamation. 2. In the Or. 
Vli., one of those parts of the service which are 
said by the priest or officiant in an audible or 
elevated voice. The greater part of the liturgy Is said 
M < 1 1 |]y that is, in a low or inaudible tone (iiu <TTI*W? , an 
adverb equivalent to the necretc or sccreto of the Latin 
Church). The ecphoneses, on the other hand, are said 
aloud (fK<t>u)rtus, an adverb answering to the phrases Intel- 
li'iibili ouce, clara voce, of the Itoman Missal, with an audi- 
ble voice, with a loud voice, in the English Prayer-Hook). 
They generally form the conclusion of a prayer which the 
priest has said secretly, and contain a doxology or ascrip- 
tion to the Trinity. The benediction at the beglnnin-j nf 
the Liturgy of the Catechumens and that at the commence- 
ment of the Anaphora in the Constautlnopolitan liturgies 
are said in this way. Also called the exclamation. 
ecphora (ek'fo-ra), n. fNL., < Gr. t/c^opa, a car- 
rying out, a projection in a building, \ eiu^epeiv, 
carry out. intr. shoot forth, < in, out, + Qcp(iv = 
E. bear 1 .] 1. In arch., the projection of any 
member or molding before the face of the mem- 
ber or molding next below it. 2. [cap.'] In 
conch., same as Fusus. Conrad. 1843. 
ecphractic (ek-frak'tik), a. and n. [< Gr. - 
ijipaxTtKof, fit for clearing obstructions (K<fpaK- 
TIK&, se. QdpuaKa, pi., ecphractic medicines), < 
Uijipdaaetv, clear obstructions, open up, < tic, out, 
+ Qpaoaeiv, inclose.] I. a. In mcd., serving to 
remove obstructions ; deobstruent. 
II. n. An ecphractie drug. 
ecphroniat (ek-iro'ni-a), n. [NL., < Gr. i^puv, 
out of one's mind, crazy, < IK, out of, + <j>pnvt 
mind.] In pathol., insanity. 
ecphyma (ek-fi'ma), . ; pi. ecphymata (ek-fim'- 
a-tii). [NL., < Gr. tKfyvua, an eruption of pim- 
ples, (. CKifiiicaOai, grow out, (. en, out, + QveoBat, 
grow.] In pathol., a cutaneous excrescence, as 
a wart. 
Ecphymotes (ek-fl-mo'tez), . [NL., < Gr. 
enpv/ia, an eruption of pimples: see ecphyma.] 
A genus of pleurodont lizards, of the family 
Iguanidce, having a short and flattened form, 
and large pointed carinate scales on the thick 
tail: otherwise generally as in Polychrus. Fitz- 
in{/er, 1826. Also spelled Ecphimotes. 
ecphysesis (ek-fi-ze'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. t^ro-?- 
<r(f, emission of the breath, < inifivaav, blow out, 
breathe out. snort, < en, out, + Qvoav, blow, 
breathe.] In pathol., a quick breathing. 
Ecpleopodidce (ek-ple-o-pod'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Ecpleopua + -idte.] A family of ptychopleu- 
ral or cyclosaurian lizards. Also Ecpleopoda. 
EcpleopH8(ek-ple'9-pus), n. [NL., < Gr. inxfaot, 
complete, entire ({ CK, out, + TT/UOC, full), + 
vrot'f = E. foot.~\ The typical genus of the fam- 
ily Ecpleopodidce. Dumeril and Bibron. 
ecptomat (ek-to'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. iKXTutia, a 
dislocation, < em'tir-reiv, fall out of, be dislo- 
cated, < , out, + irixTttv, fall.] In piithol., a 
falling down of any part: applied to luxations, 
prolapsus uteri, scrotal hernia, the expulsion 
of the placenta, sloughing off of gangrenous 
parts, etc. 
ecpyesis (ek-pi-e'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. tKirvr/ai^, 
suppuration, < eicrrvfciv, suppurate, < f/t, out, + 
TTvciv, suppurate, < iriiov, pus.] In pathol., a 
skin-disease with purulent or serous effusion : 
now rarely used. 
ecrasement (a-kraz'mon), n. [F. e'crascment, a 
crushing, < ^eraser, crush : see craze.] In fntrg., 
the operation of removing a part, as a tumor, 
by a wire or chain loop gradually tightened so 
as to cut slowly through its attachment. 
craseur (a-kra-zer'), n. [F., < ^eraser, crush, 
bruise : see craze.] In sttrg., an instrument for 
removing tumors. It consists of a fine chain or wire 
which is passed around the base of the part to be re- 
moved, and gradually tightened by a screw or otherwise 
until it has cut through. Galvanic ecraseur, an e'en- 
seur so constructed that the wire loop can be heated to 
redness while in use by the passage through it of an elec* 
trie i in-rent. 
6crevisse (a-kre-veV), n. [F. e'crevisse, a craw- 
fish, a cuirass: see crate fish, crayfish.] In ar- 
mor, a name given to any piece formed of splints, 
one sliding over the other, in the manner of the 
tail of the crawfish. See yarde-reine, great bra- 
i/nt'ttc (under braauette), and splint. 
ecrhythmus (ek-rith'mus), n. [NL., < Gr. - 
pitifuv;, out of tune, < CK. out, + pv6ft6c, tune, 
rhythm: see rhythm.] In med., an irregular 
beating of the pulse. 
6cru (o-kro'; F. pron. a-krii'), a. [F. ^cru, un- 
bleached, raw, applied to linen, silk, etc., OF. 
tncru, < <-, here unmeaning, + en/, raw, crude, 
< L. crudns: see crude.] 1. Unbleached: ap- 
plied to textile fabrics. 2. Having the color 
of raw silk, or of undyed and unbleached linen : 
hence, by extension, having any similar shade of 
ecstatic 
neutral color, as the color of hemp or hempen 
cord. Ecru lace, a modern liice made with two kinds 
of braid, one plain and the other crinkled, and worked 
into hirue and prominent patterns, usually geometrical, 
with bars or brides of thread. The term Is derived from 
the common use of materials of ecru color. 
ecrustaceous (e-krus-ta'shius), o. [< NL. 
"ecrustaceus, < L. e- priv. + crusta, a cruet : 
see criustaceatts.] In bot., without a crustaceous 
thallus, as some lichens. 
ecstasis (ek'sta-sis), n. [LI.., < Gr. eiurraair. : 
see ecstasy.] fn pathol., same as ecstasy, 3. 
ecstasize (ek'sta-siz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. ecsta- 
sized, ppr. ecstasizing. [< ecstasy + -ize.] To fill 
with ecstasy or excessive joy. F.Butler. [Bare.] 
Rose and Margaret burst from their retreatwlth a load 
laugh, and gave Obed a hearty greeting; which he, be- 
mazed and ecstacized, returned as handsomely as he knew 
how. S. JtM, Margaret, II. 11. 
ecstasy (ek'sta-si), n. : pi. ecstasies (-siz). [For- 
merly spelled variously ecstasie, ecstacy, extasy, 
extasie, etc. ; = F. extase = Sp. extasi, extasis = 
Pg. extasis = It. estasi (D. extase = G. ekstase = 
Dan. extase = Sw.extas, < F.),< LL. eestasis, ML. 
also extasis, < Gr. lua-raaiq, any displacement 
or removal from the proper place, a standing 
aside, distraction of mind, astonishment, later 
a trance, < il-urravat, 2d. aor. enar^vat, put or place 
aside, mid. and pass, stand aside, (if, in, out, 
+ lar&vai, place, set, "laraaBat, stand: see stasis.] 
1. A state in which the mind is exalted or lib- 
erated as it were from the body ; a state in which 
the functions of the senses are suspended by the 
contemplation of some extraordinary or super- 
natural object, or by absorption in some over- 
powering idea, most frequently of a religious 
nature; entrancing rapture or transport. 
Whether what we call rcxlanj be not dreaming with our 
eyes open, I leave to be examined. Locke. 
When the mind is warmed with heavenly thoughts, and 
wrought up Into some degrees of holy ectat;i. It stays not 
there, but communicates these Impressions to the body. 
Bp. Alterhury, Sermons, II. xlx. 
The Neoplatonists, though they sometimes spoke of 
civic virtues, regarded the condition of ecstasy &s not only 
transcending but including all, and that condition could 
only be arrived at by a passive life. 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 360. 
2. Overpowering emotion or exaltation, in 
which the mind is absorbed and the actions are 
controlled by the exciting subject; a sudden 
access of intense feeling. Specifically (a) Joyful, 
delightful, or rapturous emotion ; extravagant delight : as, 
the ecstasy of love ; he gazed upon the scene with ecstasy. 
He on the tender grass 
Would sit, and hearken ev'n to ecstasy. 
MUton, Comus, 1. 625. 
Sweet thankful love his soul did nil 
With utter ecstasy of bliss. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 84. 
It is a sky of Italian April, full of sunshine and the hid- 
den ecMaxy of larks. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 191. 
The ecstasies of mirth and terror which his gestures 
and play of countenance never failed to produce in a 
nursery flattered him [Garrickl quite as much as the ap- 
plause of mature critics. JUacaulay, Madame d'Arblay. 
(&) Grievous, fearful, or painful emotion ; extreme agita- 
tion ; distraction : as, the very ecstasy of grief ; an ecstasy 
of fear. 
Better be with the dead . . . 
Than on the torture of the mind to lie 
In restless ecstacy. Shak., Macbeth, ill. 2. 
Come, let us leave him In his ireful mood, 
Our words will but increase his ecstasy. 
Marlowe, Jew of Malta, L 2. 
And last, the cannons' voice that shook the skies, 
And, as it fares in sudden ecstasies, 
At once bereft us both of ears and eyes. 
Di-yden, Astnea Redux, 1. 228. 
3. In med., a morbid state of the nervous sys- 
tem, allied to catalepsy and trance, in which the 
patient assumes the attitude and expression of 
rapture. Also ecstasis. 4f. Insanity; madness. 
That noble and most sovereign reason. 
Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh ; 
That unmatch'd form and feature of blown youth, 
Blasted with ecstacy. Shak., Hamlet, ill. 1. 
ecstasy (ek'sta-si), r. t. ; pret. and pp. ecstasied, 
ppr. ecstasying'. [< ecstasy, n.] To fill with rap- 
ture or enthusiasm. [Rare.] 
The persons . . . then made prophetical and Inspired 
must needs have discoursed like seraphims and the most 
ecstasied order of intelligences. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. SI. 
They were so ecutasitd with joy that they made the 
heavens ring with triumphant snouts and acclamations. 
J. Scott, Christian Life, I. iv. * 5. 
ecstatic (ek-stat'ik), a. and n. [Formerly ec- 
statick, fxtatick; = F. extatique = Sp. extdtico 
= Pg. extatico = It. estatico, < Gr. enaraTtx6f, < 
tKtrraatf, ecstasy: see ecstasy.] I. a. 1. Per- 
taining to or resulting from ecstasy ; entran- 
cing; overpowering. 
