ecto-entad 
A part may be divided by cutting either rrtn.rntail, from 
without lnuar-1, nr . "t" i Tin, I, In. in uitliin outward. 
n'itil, , nml Hin./f, ATI;.!. T.'i-li., j>. 27. 
ecto-ental (ok'to-en'tal), a. Same as cctental. 
The iMt'sodrrm grows mit from the "' >,t<r[ line. 
C. .S. .I/"""', Mi-diciil N'-WB, XI.IX. 24!). 
ectogastrocnemius (ok-to-gas-trok-ne'mi-us), 
it. ; pi. iTliii/iixiriii'iifiiiii (-i). [XL., < Gr. ticrdf, 
outside, + 'yaari/p, stomach, + Jo^/i//, the lower 
leg, tibia.] The outer gastrocnemial muscle, 
or outer head of the gastrocnemius ; the gas- 
trocnemius externus. See cut under muscle. 
ectogenous (ek-toj'e-nus), a. [< Gr. inruf, out- 
Hide, + -;M'7/r, producing: see -genous.] Origi- 
nating or developed outside of the host ; exter- 
nally parasitic : opposed to endogenous. 
Some ot the pathogenous bacteria are accustomed to 
develope and multiply without the body, while others 
only do so within It. The former kind we may describe 
as ectoiienous, the latter as endogenous. 
Xifjlrr, Pathol. Anat. (trans.), i. 20S. 
ectoglutseus (ek-to-glii'te-us), n. ; pi. ectoglutwi 
(-i). [NL., < Gr. (crdf, without, + 7-Aovrof, the 
rump, buttocks: see qlutains, gluteal.] In anat., 
the outer or great gluteal muscle; the glute- 
us maximus. Also ectogluteus. See cut under 
MHMif. 
ectogluteal (ek-to-glo"te-al), a. [< ectoglut&us 
+ -al.] Pertaining to tne ectogluteus. Also 
rt'toiflutiral. 
ectolecithal (ek-to-les'i-thal), a. [< Gr. euros, 
outside, + /l(0of, yolk, -4- -al.] In embryol., 
noting those ova which have the food-yolk pe- 
ripheral in position, and thus exterior to the 
formative yolk. The cleavage or segmentation is con- 
sequently confined at first to the inner parts of the ovum, 
and it Is only in later stages, when the food-yolk has shift- 
ed to the center, that the cleavage becomes peripheral. 
The egg of the spider is an example. See centrolecithal, 
The first processes of segmentation In these at first rrtu- 
lecithai ova arc withdrawn from observation, since they 
take place in the centre of an egg covered by a superficial 
layer of food-yelk. Clam, Zoology (trans.), I. 112. 
Ectolithia (ek-to-lith'i-&), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. eu- 
ros, outside, + >!ift>c, sto'ne.] Those radiolari- 
ans which have an external silicious skeleton 
or exoskeleton: distinguished from Endolithia. 
Only a few [radiolariansl remain naked anil without firm 
deposits : as a rule, the soft body possesses a silicious 
skeleton, which either lies entirely outside the central 
capsule (Ectolithia), or Is partially within it (Endolithia). 
i -In a.-; Zoology (trans.), I. 189. 
ectolithic (ek-to-lith'ik), a. [As Ectolithia + 
-ic.] Extracapsular or exoskeletal, as the skel- 
eton of a radiolarian ; of or pertaining to the 
Ectolithia ; not endolithic. 
ectomere (ek'to-mer), M. [< Gr. (r<if, outside, 
+ fiepof, part.]' In embryo!., the less granular 
of the two blastomeros into which the mamma- 
lian ovum divides : also applied to a descen- 
dant of this blastomere in the first stages of 
development. See blastomere, entomere. 
ectomeric (ek-to-mer'ik), a. [< ectomere + -ic.] 
Having the character of an ectomere. 
ectoparasite (ek-to-par'a-sit), . [< Gr. curof, 
outside, + TrapaaiToc, a parasite: see parasite.] 
An external parasite; a parasite living upon 
the exterior of the host, as distinguished from 
an endoparasite. Lice, fleas, ticks, etc., are ectopara- 
sites. Tlie term has no classiflcatory significance in zool- 
ogy or botany. 
ectoparasitic (ek-to-par-a-sit'ik), a. [< ccto- 
parasite + -ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature 
of an ectoparasite or of ectoparasites; epizoic. 
In the entoparnsltic forms of this division the visual or- 
gans disappear, while they are persistent in many of the 
ectoparasitic forms. 
Qegenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 154. 
ectopectoralis (ek-to-pek-to-ra'lis), . ; pi. <v- 
topectorales (-lez). '[< Gr.'fxrdf, outside, + L. 
jii'i'toralis, pectoral: see pectoral.] In anat., 
the outer or great pectoral muscle ; the pecto- 
ralis major (which see. under pectoralis). 
ectopia (ek-to'pi-S), . [NL., < Gr. citrfaiot, 
eicroToc, away from a place, out of place, out 
of the way, \ IK, out, + Tdn-or, place: see topic.] 
In patltol., morbid displacement of parts, usu- 
ally congenital : as, ectopia of the heart or of 
the bladder. Also ectn/ii/. 
ectopic (ek-top'ik), a. [< ectopia + -ic.] Char- 
acterized by ectopia. 
The gestation is ectopic, that is, proceeding in an abnor- 
mal locality. \vhieH is unfit for the office imposed upon it. 
R. Banws. Dis. of Women, p. 370. 
Ectopistes (ek-to-pis'tez), . [XL., < Gr. <KT-O- 
m'C? iv, wander, migrate, < wroroc, away from a 
place, < f a. + roTrof, place.] A genus of pigeons, 
of the family Colninliidii: They have short tarsi 
feathered part way down in front, a short bill feathered 
far forward, the winys acutely pointed by the tint three 
1839 
primaries, a long cuneate tail of 12 tapering acuminate 
!' atlii'm, wiiiu rnHTt with I. lack s|,,.ts, parti << ili.ivd tail 
feather^, an iiulrsirtit ii.'.-k, an.l the sexes dlltillgallhftbll 
by color. K. mi;iratoriuji is the common wiM pigeon m 
pMMOgr-p%*OII of North America. See cut under pai- 
./!'/.-/ /</'/' nil. 
ectoplasm (ek'to-plazm), n. [< Gr. t/cror. with- 
out, + ir/ao/ia, a thing ;formed, < irMaociv, form.] 
1. In zool., the exterior protoplasm or sarcode 
of a cell ; the ectosarc : applied to the denser 
exterior substance of inf usorians and other uni- 
cellular organisms, or of a free protoplasmic 
body, as a zoospore. 
In the Infusoria, which are covered by a firm cuticle, 
there Is a central semifluid mass of sarcode (endoplasm) 
which Is distinct from the more compact peripheral layer 
of sarcode (ectoplasm). Clawt, Zoology (trans.), I. 54. 
2. In bot., the outer hyaline layer or film of the 
protoplasmic mass within a cell. 
ectoplasmic (ek-to-plaz'inik), a. [< ectoplasm 
+ ->c.] Pertaining to or consisting of ecto- 
plasm. 
ectoplastic (ek-to-plas'tik), a. Same as ecto- 
plasmic. 
The differentiation of this cortical substance (which Is 
not a freauent or striking phenomenon In tissue-cells) may 
be regarded as an fctopfaetic (i. e., peripheral) modifi- 
cation of the protoplasm, comparable to the entoplastic 
(central) modification which produces a nucleus. 
E. R. Laitkester, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 8:iS. 
ectopopliteal (ek*to-pop-lit'e-al), a. [< Gr. 
ticrof, outside. -I- li.poples (popfit-), hock, knee: 
see popliteal.] In anat., situated upon the outer 
side of the popliteal space or region : as, the ec- 
topopliteal nerve. 
Ectoprocta (ek-to-prok'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of cctoproctus.] A division of the 1'olyzon 
established by Nitsche, characterized by hav- 
ing the anus outside of the circlet of tentacles: 
opposed to Endoprocta. See the extract. 
In the Ectoprocta, . . . the endocyst consists of two 
layera, an outer and Inner ; of which the former is the 
representative of the ectoderm in other animals. The 
latter lines the walls of the perivisceral cavity, and is re- 
flected thence, like a peritoneal tunic, over the tentacular 
sheath and into the Interior of the tentacula, whence it 
is continued on to the alimentary canal, of which it forms 
the external investment. The endoderm, which lines the 
alimentary canal. Is of course continuous, through the 
oral opening, with the ectoderm. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 671. 
ectoproctous (ek-to-prok'tus), a. [< NL. ecto- 
proctus, (. Gr. txrof, outside, + TTTXJKTOC, the 
anus, posteriors.] Pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Ectoprocta: specifically ap- 
plied to those polyzoans, as the Gymnolaimatti, 
which have the anus situated outside the cir- 
clet of tentacles : opposed to endoproctous. 
It has been pointed out that the characteristic polypidf 
of the ectoprocloits Polyzoa is a structure developed from 
the cysttd. Huxlty, Anat. Invert., p. 39fi. 
ectopterygoid (ek-top-ter'i-goid), a. and n. [< 
NL. ectopterygoideus, q. v.] I. a. Pertaining 
to the external pterygoid bone or muscle. 
II. n. 1. An external pterygoid bone; one 
of the lateral bones of the palate of some ani- 
mals, as reptiles. It is highlv developed, for in- 
stance, in the crocodile. See Crocodilia. 2. 
In tvpical fishes, the external of two bones just 
behind the palatine, generally called pterygoid. 
See cut under palato-guadrate. 3. In anat., 
the ectopterygoid muscle. 
ectopterygoideus (ek-top-ter-i-goi'de-us), . ; 
pi. ectoptcrygoidei (-5). [NL., < Gr. rof, out- 
side, + NL. pterijgoideus : see pterygoid.] In 
anat., the external pterygoid muscle. See 
pterygoideus. 
ectopy (ek'to-pi), n. Same as ectopia. 
ectosarc (ek'to-sark), n. [< Gr. MTOC, outside, 
+ adpf (aapK-), flesh.] The ectoplasm of a 
protozoan ; the exterior substance of the body 
of an animal of low organization, as an amoeba 
or other rhizopod or protozoan, in any way dis- 
tinguished from an endosarc ; the usually thick- 
er, denser, tougher, or otherwise modified pro- 
toplasm which forms an envelop of the body, as 
differentiated from the interior substance or 
contents. The term is used chiefly in connection with 
amcebas or other rhizopods, in which, though there may 
be no definite cell-wall, the outer sarcode is differentiated 
in some way from the inner substance, or endosare. 
ectosarcode (ek-to-silr'kod), n. Same as ecto- 
xn r<: 
ectosarcodous (ek-to-siir'ko-dus), a. [< ecto- 
aiiri'nilc + -mis.'] Consisting of external sar- 
code ; constituting an ectosarc ; ectoplasmic. 
ectosarcous (ek-to-siir'kus), a. [< ectosarc + 
-MM.] Of or pertaining to the ectosarc. 
ectosomal (ek'to-so-mal), a. [< ectosome + -al.] 
Of or pertaining to the ectosome ; cortical, as 
the exterior region of a sponge. 
ectropic 
ectosome (ek'to-som), . [< Or. ;<!{, outside, 
+ auua, body.J In sponges, the outer region, 
forming the roof and walls of the Bubdermal 
chambers, composed of ectoderm and a super- 
ficial layer of endoderm; the cortex: distin- 
guished from choanosomc and endoxome. 
The choanosome forms a middle layer between a retic- 
ulation of ectotome on the one side and of endoderm anil 
mesoderm, I. e., cudosome, on the other. 
SolUu, Encyc. Brit., XXII. 410. 
ectosphenoid (ek-to-sfe'noid), n. [< Gr. lurof, 
without, + aiptfvoeiMjc, wedge-shaped : see sphe- 
noid.] Same as ectocuneijorm. [Ran-.] 
ectosporoUS (ek-to-spo'rus), a. [< Gr. MTOT, 
outside, + ojropof/seed: see spore.] Forming 
spores externally ; exosporous. 
ectosteal (ek-tos'te-al), a. [< Gr. jxrof, out- 
side, + OOTCOV, bone',' + -al.] Relating to or 
situated on the outside of a bone ; proceeding 
from without inward, as a growth of bone. 
ectosteally (ek-tos'te-al-i), adv. In an ectos- 
teal manner or position. 
ectostosis (ek-tos-to'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. fxrcif, 
outside, + bariov, bone, + -osis.] That form 
of ossification of cartilage which begins in or 
immediately under the perichpndrium ; also, 
growth of bone from without inward ; perios- 
teal ossification. 
ectothecal (ek-to-the'kal), a. [< Gr. t/crd?, out- 
side, + ffi]iai, case: see 'iheca.] In hot., having 
thecaa or asci exposed, as in discomycetous 
fungi and gymnocarpous lichens; discomyce- 
tous; gymnocarpous. 
ectotriceps (ek-tot'ri-seps), . ; pi. ectotricepiten 
(ek-tot-n-sep'i-tez). [NL., < Gr. f<rroV, out- 
side, + NL. triceps.] In anat., the outer head 
or external division of the triceps muscle of the 
arm, considered as a distinct muscle. Also ex- 
tratriceps. 
Ectozoa (ek-to-zo'S), n. pi. [NL., pi. of ecto- 
zoon, q. v.] External parasites in general, as 
distinguished from Entozoa, or internal para- 
sites. Tims, the fish-lice, or Epizua, are Ectozoa, as are 
other lice, ticks, fleas, etc. The term is a vague one, hav- 
ing no classiflcatory significance, and implying no struc- 
tural affinity among the creatures designated by it. Also 
called ectoparasites. 
ectozoan (ek-to-zo'an), n. [< Ectozoa + -an.] 
One of the Ectozoa; an epizoan; an ectopara- 
site. 
ectozoic(ek-to-zo'ik),fl. [< Ectozoa + -ic. ] Per- 
taining to the Ectozoa ; epizoic; ectoparasitio. 
ectozoon (ek-to-zo'on), n. [NL., < Gr. CKTOS, 
outside, 4- Cyw, animal.] One of the Ectozoa ; 
an ectozoan. 
Ectrephes (ek'tre-fez), . [NL. (Pascoe, 1866), 
< Gr. trrptjeiv, bring up, breed, produce, < CK, 
out, + TpeQciv, nourish.] A genus of beetles, of 
the family Ptinidie, containing a few Australian 
species. Also Anapcstus. 
Ectrichodiajek-tri-ko'di-a), n. [NL. (Serville, 
1825), < Gr. CK, out, + TptxutrK, like hair, hairy, 
< 6pit; (rpi\-), hair, + tirfof, form.] A genus of 
bugs, of the family Reduviida; and subfamily 
Ectrichodiiitt?. E. crucia- 
tti is a generally distributed 
species in the United States, 
about half an Inch long, of a 
shining bright-red color, va- 
riegated with black, short, 
stout, hairy antenna! of a 
dusky color, and thick, pice- 
ous rostrum. 
Ectrichodides (ek-tri- 
kod'i-dez), n.pl. [NL.] 
A group of hemipterous 
insects, represented by 
the genus Ectrichodid. 
Same as Ectrichodiinte. 
Ectrichodiinae (ek-tri- 
kod-i-i'ne), n.pl. [NL., 
< Ectrichodia + -ina;.] 
A subfamily of bugs, of 
the family Seduviida; 
typified by the genus 
Ectrichodia. 
ectrodactylia (ek'tro- 
dak-til'i-a), n. [NL.. 
irreg. < Gr. ficrpuatf, 
miscarriage, + AaKruljx;, 
finger.] In teratol., a 
malformation in which one or more fingers are 
wanting. 
ectrodactylism (ek-tro-dak'ti-lizm), n. [As 
i i-ti-odactyl-in + -ism.] ' Same as ectrodactylia. 
ectropic (ek-trop'ik), a. [< Gr. enrpo^of, turn- 
ing out of the way, < eKTpfxfiv, turn out, < , 
out, + Tpixciv, turn.] Turned outward or evert- 
ed, as an eyelid, when the inner or conjunc- 
tiva! surface is exposed, as in ectropion. 
Ectriclwditt crttciata. 
Line shows natural size. ' 
