ectropical 
ectropical (ek-trop'i-kal), a. [< Gr. en, out, + 
TpoxiKOf, tropic (see tropic), + -al.~] Belong- 
ing to parts outside the tropics ; extratropical. 
[Bare.] 
ectropion, ectropium (ek-tro'pi-on, -urn), re. 
[NL., < Gr. inrjiimLov, everted eyelid, < cxTpoTrof, 
turning out: see ectropic.] Inpathol.: (a) As. 
abnormal eversion or turning outward of the 
eyelids. (a) Eversion of the cervical endomet- 
rium of the womb. 
ectropometer (ek-tro-pom'e-ter), . [< Gr. EK- 
rpomi, a turning off,'tuming aside (< inrpivuv, 
turn off: see ectropic), + fiirpov, a measure.] 
An instrument used on shipboard for determin- 
ing the bearing or compass-direction of objects. 
The ectropometer in use in the United States Navy con- 
sists of a vertical stanchion fitted in sockets on the deck 
or bridge and surmounted by a compass-card without a 
magnet. The card turns on a vertical axis and is fitted 
with an alidade. The magnetic heading of the ship being 
adjusted on this card to a line parallel with the keel, the 
alidade gives readily the bearing of land, lighthouses, etc. 
Also ektropometer. 
ectrotic (ek-trot'ik), a. [< Gr. enTpartKoc,, of or 
for abortion, < inrpuaic,, abortion, < _ *EKT/>or<if , 
verbal adj. of eKTirpaaKetv, abort, < en, out, + 
TirpaaKciv. rpoeiv, wound, injure.] In med., pre- 
venting the development or causing the abor- 
tion of a disease. 
ectypal (ek'ti-pal), a. [< ectype + -al.~\ Taken 
from the original ; imitated. [Rare.] 
Exemplars of all the ectypal copies. 
Ellis, Knowledge of Divine Things, p. 417. 
Ectypal world, in Platonic philos.,tite phenomenal world, 
the world of sense, as distinguished from the archetypal 
or noumenal world. 
ectype (ek'tip), . [= F. ectype = Sp. ectipo = 
Pg. ectypo, < L. ectypus, engraved in relief , em- 
1840 
-ed 
produced by eczema: as, eczematous eruptions. 
2. Afflicted with eczema. 
ed. An abbreviation (a) of editor; (6) of edi- 
tion, 
ed- 1 . [ME. ed-, < AS. ed- = OS. idug = OFries. 
et- = OHG. it-, ita-, MHG. He- = Icel. idh- = 
Goth, id-, a, prefix equiv. to L. re-, again, back: 
see re-.'] A prefix now obsolete or occurring 
unf elt in a few words, meaning ' again, back, 
re-,' as in edgrow, edgrowth, ednew. See eddish, 
Obverse. Reverse. eddy. 
cuofJamesV.ofScotland. British Museum. (Sizeof the original. ) Ed- 2 . [ME. Ed-, < AS. Edd-, & COmmOn element 
_ .. , T in proper names, being edd, happiness, pros- 
of issue 20 shillings English. 4. In r ranee, . fl_* r\o -j _-A_4._ *. ,,,,it-u ,.,.,, c . 
a sum of money, formerly consist! 
francs, now generally of five francs.- 
table tracing-paper, 15 X 20 inces, u, .- nameg of Anglo .g 
J^ond. nally 'property '(in Anglo-IJaxon, 'prosperity' 
Ecuadoran (ek-wa-do'ran), a. and . [< icaa- Qr 4 ap 1 p in ^ sg S as Edward, Anglo-Saxon Edd- 
dor + -.] Same as icwadorwn. d protector of property; JMoji, Anglo- 
Ecuadorian (ek-wa-do n-an), a. and n. ..*'.. 
. 
copy : opposed to prototype. 
The complex ideas of substances are cctypes or " copies." 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. xxxi. 13. 
Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an ectype of the an- 
cient prophets. Eng. Cyc. 
Specifically 2. In arcli., a copy in relief or 
embossed. 
ectypography (ok-ti-pog'ra-fi), n. [< Gr. CK- 
TUTi-of, engraved in relief (see ectype), 
ypd<l>ctv, write, engrave.] 
A method of etching in 
which the lines are left 
in relief upon the plate 
instead of being sunk 
into it. 
6cu (a-kii' or a'ku), 11. 
[F., a shield (applied 
also to a coin, etc.), < 
OF. escu, escut, < L. 
scutum, a shield: see 
escutcheon, scutiim.'] 1. 
The shield carried by a 
mounted man-at-arms 
in the middle ages ; es- 
pecially, the triangular 
shield of no great length 
carried during the thir- 
teenth and fourteenth 
centuries, and hung 
around the neck by the 
guige, so as to cover the 
left arm and left side. 
2. The name of several 
gold and silver coins current in France from 
the fourteenth century onward, having a shield 
as part of their type : in English usually ren- 
dered crown. Among these coins were the ecu d'or 
(golden crown), the ecu d la couronne (ecu with the crown), 
Ecuadorian fauna. (-a^de), -de", pi. '-e-den \-a-den), -den (usually 
The Ecuadorian section [of the Andes]. spelled -i, -te, -tere, when so pronounced, as after 
I certain consonants (see below) and in northern 
II. n. A native of Ecuador, a republic ot uge a j go a f ter tne vowe l, -et, -it, whence mod. 
South America, on the Pacific, north of Peru. gc ^ , it ^ < A g _ e _ dej _<,_$# ( rare ly -a-de), or, 
ecumenic, oecumenic (ek-u-men'ik), a. [= F. w ;thout the preceding vowel, -de, pi. -e-don, 
cecumenique = Sp. ecumenico = Pg. It. ecumenico . o .don, -don (spelled -te, -ton, after consonants re- 
(cf . G. ocumenisch = Dan. Sw. okumenisk), < LL. q u i r j n g 8ucn assimilation, as miste, cyste, drypte, 
cecumenicus, < Gr. oiKwuewKoc,, general, universal, etc E_ mist> j^^ dript, now usually by conf or- 
of or from the whole world, < olKov/ievii, the in- mation missed, kissed, dripped, etc.), the pret. 
habited world, the whole world, fern. (sc. yft suffix prO p er being simply -de, the preceding 
earth) of dxobfisvof, ppr. pass, of omeiv, inhabit, vowe i representing the suffix -ia, Goth, -ja, etc., 
< olnof, a house : see economy. ~\ Same as ecu- Teut> , - o - 0) f ormat i v e of weak verbs ; = OS. 
menical (which is the usual form). -a-da -o-da, -da = OFries. -e-de, -a-de, -de, -te = 
ecumenical, oecumenical (ek-u-men'i-kal), a. D _ de _ MLG. -e-de, -de, -te = OHG. -o-ta, -e-ta, 
[< ecumenic, O3cumenic, + -al] General ; uni- _;_ to MHG. -e-te, -te, Q. -te = Icel. -adha, -dha, 
versal ; specifically, belonging to the entire _ da ^ _ to _ g w _ . a ^ e> _$ e _ D an . ^ e< . te G o th. 
Christian church. (with persons indicated) 1 -da (-i-da, -o-da, -ai- 
da), 2 -des, 3 -da, dual 2 -dedu, 3 -deduts, pi. 1 
-dedum, 2 -dednth, 3 -dedun ; being orig. the re- 
duplicated pret. of AS. don, E. <fol, etc., name- 
ly, AS. dide, E. *'rf, used as a pret. formative : 
see do*. (2) -J2, pp. (-ed, -d, or -, or entirely 
absent, according to the preceding elements), 
< ME. -ed, -d, also -t (when so pronounced, as 
after certain consonants (see above) and in 
council should at once assemble, to compose the religious northern use also after the vowel, -et, -it, Whence 
differences. Motley, Dutch Republic, I. 202. 
The ancient Greek Church is the mother of (ecumenical 
orthodoxy; she elaborated the fundamental dogmas of 
the Trinity and the Person of Christ, as laid down in the 
Apostles' and the Nicene creeds. 
Schaf, Christ and Christianity, p. 10. 
Ecumenical bishop, a title first assumed by John the 
Faster, Patriarch of Constantinople, in the latter part of 
the sixth century. Gregory the Great, Bishop of Rome 
(590-604), strongly opposed the use of the title; but from 
the time of Boniface III. (607), on whom it was conferred 
No other literature [than the French] exhibits so expan- 
sive and oecumenical a genius, or expounds so skilfully or 
appreciates so generously foreign ideas. 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 160. 
The assumption of the title of (Ecumenical Patriarch 
was another proof of the vast designs entertained by the 
Bishops of Constantinople. 
J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, i. 29. 
Both kings bound themselves to maintain the Catholic 
orship inviolate, . . . and agreed that an aicumenical 
. , 
by the emperor Phocas, it has been used by the popes as 
their right. Ecumenical council. See council, 7. Ecu- 
menical divines, in the Or. Ch., a title given to St. Basil 
the Great, St. Gregory the Divine, and St. John Chrysos- 
tom. 
ecumenically, cecumenically (ek-u-men'i- 
mod. Sc. -et, -it), < AS. -e-d, -o-d, rarely -ad, of- 
ten in the pi. -e-d-e, etc., with syncope of the 
preceding vowel -d-e, -t-e; = OS. OFries. D. 
MLG. LG. -d = OHG. MHG. G. -t = Icel. -dlir, 
-dr, -tr, m., -dJi, -d, -t, f., -t, neut., = Sw. -t = 
Dan. -t = Goth, -th-s = L. -tu-s = Gr. -TO-C = 
Skt. -fa-* ; a general adj . and pp. suffix quite dif- 
ferent from -erf 1 , though now identified with it in 
form. The suffix appears in L. -a-tu-s (E. -ate 1 , 
-adei, -ada, -ado, -ee l , etc. ; disguised in vari- 
ous forms, as in arm-y), -i-tus, -i-tus (E. -ite 1 , 
-it 1 ), -e-tus, -u-tits (E. -ute), and without a pre- 
ceding vowel as -tus (E. -t, as in fea-t, fac-t, 
etc.).] The regular formative of the preterit 
(From Viollet-le-Duc's "Diet. 
duMobilierfranjais.") 
-------- -*, ---------- .> .-- r - or past tense, and the perfect participle, re- 
kal-i), adv. In a general or ecumenical manner. g p ec ti v ely, of English "weak" verbs: suffixes of 
ecumenicity, (Ecumenicity (ek"u-me-nis'i-ti), different origin (see etymology), but now identi- 
. [= F. cecumenicite = Pg. ecumenicidade ; as cal in form an( j p] lone tic relations, and so con- 
ecumenic, cecumenic, + -ity.'] The character of ven iently treated together. Either suffix is attach- 
being ecumenical. ed (with suppression of final silent -e, if any) to the in- 
Some Catholics have protested against the cecumenicity flnitive or first pel-son indicative and varies in pronun- 
ciation and spelling according to the preceding consonant 
(the final consonant of the infinitive) : (1) -ed, pronounced 
ed after t, d, as in heated, loaded, etc., and archaically in 
other positions, as in hallowed, raised, etc., and usually 
in some perfect participles used adjectively, as in blessed. 
of the synod in 1311 at Vienna, generally reckoned the 
15th oecumenical [council]. Encyc. Brit., VI. 511. 
6cusson(a-ku-s6n'),K. [F.: see escutcheon.'] In 
her., an escutcheon, especially an escutcheon 
of pretense, or inescutcheon. 
(e-sl-fel'at), a. [< NL. 'ecyphel- n0 unced'(w{th 'suppression of the vowel) d, after a sonant, 
NL. cyphella, q. V.] In namely, b,g "hard," g "soft" (,-ge = dzh or zh),j (written 
ye, as preceding), s (-se = z), th ( = dh), t), z, I, m, n, ng, r, as 
in some penect parucipies useu aujecnveij, a in viroaeu. 
crooked, winged, etc., parallel to blest, crooked (pronounced 
kriikt), winged (pronounced wingd), etc. (2) -ed, pro- 
latus, < L. e- priv. + 
\ella, q. 
hot., without cyphellse: applied to lichens, etc. 
eczema (ek'ze-ma), n. [NL., < Gr. j/cCcua, a cu- 
taneous eruption, < CK^C'IV, boil up or out, < en, 
out, + friv, boil.] An inflammation of the 
skin attended with considerable exudation of 
lymph. Ordinarily the eczematous patch is red, slightly 
swollen, more or less incrusted, and moist on the removal 
of the crust, and causes considerable itching and smart- 
ing. Eczema papulosum, the form of eczema charac- 
in robed, robbed, lagged, rayed, engaged, rouged, hedged, 
raised, posed, smoothed, breathed, lived, buzzed, boiled, 
felled, beamed, dreamed, stoned, leaned, hanged, barred, 
abhorred, etc. (but after the liquids I, m, n, r, in some 
words also or only -t : see below), or after a vowel, or a 
vowel before h or w, as in hoed, rued, brayed, towed, awed, 
hurrahed, etc. most words of this class being formerly 
written without the vowel, which subsequently came to 
be indicated, pedantically, by an apostrophe, as in rais'd, 
Obverse. Reverse. 
fecu d'Or of Charles VI., Kinp of France. British Museum. 
C Size of the original. } 
the ecu au soleil (ecu with the sun), ecu blanc (white 
crown), and ecu d'argent (silver crown). The specimen of 
the ecu d'or of Charles VI. (A. D. 1380-1422) here illus- 
trated wei.ahs 61 grains. 
3. A Scotch gold coin, also called crown, issued 
in the sixteenth century by James V. and by 
Mary, Queen of Scots. It was worth at the time 
ma in which the eruption consists of vesicles containing 
scrum. 
eczematous (ek-zem'a-tus), a. [= F. eczenta- 
teux; < cczema(t-) + -CMS.] 1. Pertaining to or 
(so spelled to preserve the "long" vowel), and, in preterit 
only, amlil. xliintld, uvula these forms being " irregular" 
in spelling only (laid, paid, staid), or in spelling and pro- 
nunciation, as compared with the forms having the usual 
