-ed 
*& (4) -rd, pronounced t (the vowel being suppressed and 
tin ./assimilated to the preceding consonant) after urd, 
iiiiini-ly, e "soft" (= ), eh (= IA),/, *, p, </w (= t), sunl, 
A, M surd, i (= *), as in /an <i, /;<!<, .;. matched, 
coughed (pronounced kolt), limtfil, tm-tfi, ///./</, //I./HM/. 
j>r,'.<*>'<l, r/if,..-v-/, ,-l,txlii'<l, l^athi <l, ' <n-ttn'<l, iiii.i-i'<l, etc.. such 
words being formerly, as n rule, and still optionally (in 
verse, as preferred by Tennyson and other ino.lern ports. 
or In restored or reformed spelling), spelled us |>n ilioiinml, 
with (, as (wK, tavW. lift, /"' ', ">', ytef, etc. ; In some 
words, where -fit after u liquid, I. in, n. r, or a vowel, is 
pronounced t instead of, us regularly, d, and insomc words 
lifter/), thespellini,' -f prevails, either exclusively (and then 
tocompanleu by n change of the radical vowel), as In di-nlt, 
1,11, tioifiltt, rnit'ilit, tliintijht, wrought, brwitjht, sowjht, 
'iinnilit. fir/it, tirf ill, n'i'/it.'eta., or with n parallel form in 
'/ pronounced d, as In /w/f, ttpilt, spoilt, ilr>-n,,,t. i-nnt. 
l'ni, burnt, etc. (the ( ill some cases absorbing the final 
;l of the Infinitive, as in brut, blent, built, iiirt, etc.), with 
parallel forms *ije.tlrit, tpilltd, etc. (bfiulnl. iiirdnl, etc.). 
(5) In some monosyllables the suffix -rd, reduced to -d or 
-t, as above, has blended with the final -rf or -( of the intlni- 
live, tormina, in curlier spelling, a double consonant, dd 
or tt, which has since been simplified, as in thed, /<</, 
hit, split, etc., all trace of the suffix being thus effaced 
and such preterits and past participles being assimilated 
to the infinitive ; an original long vowel in the infinitive 
becoming short in the preterit and past participle, as in 
read, preterit and past participle read (red), lead, preterit 
and past participle led (where the change is recognized in 
the spelling), and hence, rarely, In the infinitive, as in 
spread, preterit and past participle spread. Some words 
ending in -ed'* (participles used as adjectives) may, with 
the definite article, or other definitive word, preceding, 
come to be used as nouns, having as such a possessive 
case (in ') and a plural (in ) : as, the police took charge 
of the deceased '* effects ; at this the accused's countenance 
changed. This is found chiefly in newspaper language ; 
but the plural, as "their beloveds," is not uncommon in 
recent poetry. See -dl, -<J2, .(1, -<2. 
edacious (e-da'shus), a. \= It. edace. < L. edax 
(edac-), given to eating, v edere = E. eat: see 
eat.] Eating; given to eating; greedy; vora- 
cious. 
Swallowed in the depths of edacimut Time. 
Carlyle, Misc., IV. 236. 
Concord Bridge had long since yielded to the edacious 
tooth of Time. /."<((, Biglow Papers, 2d ser., p. 37. 
edaciously (e-da'shus-li), adv. Greedily; vo- 
raciously. 
edaciousness (e-da'shus-iies), N. Edacity. 
edacity (e-das'i-ti), M. [= It. edacita, < L. eda- 
cita(t-)s, <. cdax, giving to eating : see edacious.] 
Greediness; voracity; ravenousness ; rapacity. 
It is true that the wolf is a beast of great edatitie and 
digestion. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 972. 
If thou have any vendible faculty, nay, If thon have but 
edacity and loquacity, come. Carlyle. 
Edaphodon (e-daf 'o-don), n. [NL. : see edapli- 
odont.\ A fossil genus of chimteroid fishes, of 
the order Holocephali, found in the Greensand, 
Chalk, and Tertiary strata. Buckland. 
edaphodont (e-daf o-dont), . [< NL. edapho- 
don(t-)s. < Gr. liatfof, bottom, foundation, + 
odorf (OOODT-) = E. tooth.] A fossil chiraajroid 
fish of the genus Edaphodon. 
Edda (ed'S), n. [Icel., lit. great-grandmother.] 
A book written (in prose) by Snorri Sturlu- 
son (born about 1178, died by assassination 
1241), containing the old mythological lore of 
Scandinavia and the old artificial rules for 
verse-making; also, a collection of ancient Ice- 
landic poems. The name Edda, by whom given is not 
known, occurs for the first time in the Inscription to one 
of the manuscripts of the work, written fifty or sixty years 
after Snorri s death. Snorri's Edda (Edda Snorra Stttrlu- 
sonar) consists of five parts : Fonnuli (Preface), the Gylfa- 
^tnnuw(DelusionofOylft), Bra(7rt-rflH/Aur(Sayiug8of Bragi), 
'Skuldiikapar-mal (Art of Poetry), and lliittatal (Number 
of Meters), to which are added in some manuscripts Thu- 
lur, or a rhymed glossary of synonyms, lists of poets, etc. 
As the SMMakaitar-miil, or Art of Poetry, forms the chief 
part of the Edda (including several long poems), the work 
became a sort of handbook of poets, and so Edda came 
gradually to mean the old artificial poetry as opposed to 
the modern plain poetry contained in hymns and sacred 
poems. About the year 1643 the Icelandic bishop Bryn- 
jnlf Sveinsson discovered a collection of the old mytho- 
logical poems, which is erroneously ascribed to Swmnnd 
Sigfnssen (Iwrn alxiut 1055, died 1133), and hence called 
after him Stritiuiithir KJdn Itin* i'itn1lm. tin- KiMa of S;e- 
mund the Learned. The poems that comi>ose this Edda 
are supposed to have been collected about the middle of 
the thirteenth century, but were composed probably in 
the eighth and ninth centuries. Hence the name now giv- 
en to the collection, the Kldrr or Poetic Kdda, in distinc- 
tion from the Youiyjpr or Prone Edda of Snorri, to which 
alone the name Edda previously belonged. The most 
ancient of the poems in the Elder Edda is the Voluspa, 
the Prophecy of the Voloa or sibyl. 
Eddaic (e-da'ik), a. [< Edda + -ic.] Same as 
Eddie. 
The Eddaic version, however, of the history of the gods 
is not so circumstantial as that in the Ynglingasaga. 
K. If. Gotse. 
eddas (ed'slz), n. Same as cddocs. 
odder 1 (ed' ; er), n. [E. dial, also etlicr ; < ME. 
"eder, < AS. edor, eder, codor, a hedge, an in- 
closure, = OS. edor = OHG. etar, MHG. eter, G. 
dial, etter = leeLioAttT = Norw. juihir. j<n: 
jaar, juir, jter, edge, border.] 1. A hedge. 
116 
1841 
[Prov. Eng.] 2. The binding at the top of 
stakes impel in making hcdgi-s. Sometimes 
called edttrriitg. ll'rii/lit. [North. Eng.] 
In lopping and felling save edder and stake, 
Thine hedges us neeileth to mend, or to make. 
Tuarr, One Hundred Points of Good Husbandry. 
3. In Scotland, straw ropes used in thatching 
corn-ricks. 
edder 1 (odV-r), r. t. [< cdder 1 , n., 3.] To bind 
or make tight with edder ; fasten, as the tops 
of hedge-stakes, by interweaving edder. Mor- 
timer. 
edder 2 (ed'er), M. [A dial. var. of adder 1 , q. v.] 
1. An adder; a serpent. [Now only Scotch.] 
Ye eddris and eddrie briddis, hou sclmlen ye fle fro the 
doom of helle! ll>v.>. Mat. xxlii. 
For edilres, spirites, nionstrcs, thyng of drede, 
To make a smoke and stynke is goode In dede. 
Palladia*, Husbondrle (E. E. T. 8.), p. 34. 
2t. A fish like a mackerel. 
edder a, . See eddoes. 
Eddie (ed'ik), a. [< Edda + -ic.] Of or relat- 
ing to the Scandinavian Eddas; having the 
character or style of the Eddas : as, the Eddie 
prophecy of the V81va. Also Eddaic. 
eddish (ed'ish), n. [E. dial., also edislt, ead- 
isli, eddigc; contr. etch, stubble; corrupted eat- 
age, q. v. ; < ME. "edish, not found (except as 
in the comp. eddish-lien, q. v.), < AS. edisc, a 
pasture, a park for game; origin unknown, 
but perhaps orig. ' aftermath,' second growth, 
< ed- (again, back) (see ed- 1 ), + -tie, adj. term.; 
the formation if real is irreg. Grein refers to 
ONorth. edo, ede, a contr. of eotcod, a flock. It 
is doubtful whether eddish has any connection 
with AS. yddisc, in-eddisc (only in glosses), 
household goods or furniture. See earsh.~] 1. 
The pasture or grass that comes after mowing 
or reaping. [Local, Eng.] 
Keep for stock is tolerably plentiful, and the fine spring 
weather will soon create a good etldish in the pastures. 
Times (London), April 30, 1857. 
2. See the extract. 
The word etch, or eddish, or edish, occurs in Tusser, and 
means tiie stubble of the previous crop of whatever kind. 
Seebohm, Eng. Vil. Community, p. 376. 
eddish-bent, >' [ME. edisse-henne, and corrupt- 
ly cdiscine (in a gloss), < AS. edige-Jien, edesc- 
hen, -henn, a quail, lit. a pasture-hen (cf. mod. 
' prairie-hen '), < edisc, a pasture, park for 
game, + henn, hen.] A quail. 
Thai asked, and come the edimhmne. 
Ps. civ. [cv.1, 40 (ME. version). 
eddoes, edders (ed'oz, ed'erz). . A name 
given by the negroes of the Gold Coast, as 
well as in the West Indies, to the roots of the 
taro-plant, Colocasia antiquorum. Also eddas. 
eddy (ed'i), n.- } pi. eddies (-iz). [The ME. form 
(and the AS., if any) not recorded ; the word is 
either cognate with or derived from Icel. idha, 
an eddy, whirlpool, = Norw. ida, also ide (and 
in various other forms, in, ie, ea, eaa, udu, uddu, 
rudu, odo, evju, irju, the last forms prob. of other 
origin ; often with prefix bak-, back, tq>j>-, up, 
kring, circle), = Sw. dial, idha, idd, = Dan. 
dial, ide, an eddy, whirlpool ; cf. Icel. idha = 
Norw. ida, whirl about; Icel. idh, t., a doing, 
idh, n., a restless motion, = Sw. id, industry, = 
Dan. id, pursuit, intention ; Icel. idhiitn = Sw. 
idog, assiduous, diligent; prob. connected with 
AS. ed-, etc., back (equiv. to L. re-): see ed- 1 . 
Cf. eddish.] A part of a fluid, as a stream of 
water, which has a rotatory motion; any small 
whirl or vortex in a fluid. Eddies are due to the vis- 
cosity of fluids, anil to the very small degree to which they 
slip over the surfaces of solids. A portion of fluid to which 
a rotatory motion has once l>een communicated loses this 
motion only by the gradual effect of viscosity, so that ed- 
dies subsist for some time. They are always found be- 
tween counter-currents. 
Avoid the violence of the current, by angling in the 
returns of a stream, or the eddies betwixt two streams, 
which also are the most likely places wherein to kill a 
fish in a stream, either at the top or bottom. 
Cnttiin, in Walton's Angler, II. 26!). 
And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden. 
The charmed eddies of autumnal winds 
Built o'er his mouldering bones a pyramid. 
Shelley, Alastor. 
Alas ! we are but eddies of dust, 
I'plifted by the blast, and whirled 
Along the highway of the world. 
Longfellow, Golden Legend, ii. 
Common observation seems to shew that, when a solid 
moves rapidly through a liquid at some distance below 
the surface, it leaves behind it a succession of 
the fluid. Stokes, On some Cases of Fluid Motion. 
= Syn. See stream. 
eddy (od'i), r. ; pret. and pp. eddied, ppr. eddy- 
in</. [< <'<ld;i, .] I. intrant. To move circu- 
larly or in a winding manner, as the water of an 
Edenic 
eddy, or o as to resemble the movement of an 
eddy. 
Time must be givn for the Intellect to ediiy about a 
truth, and to appropriate IU bearings. 
DeQuili'--!!. .-!>! i 
As they looked down upon tin- tumult of the people. 
deepening and eddying in the wide square, . . . they in 
tered above them the sentence of warning "Christ shall 
come.' Ktulriii. 
With ,-ililiii,i'i whirl the waters lock 
Yon treele.-s mound forlorn, 
The sharp-winged sea-fowl's breeding rock, 
'1 luil fronts the Spouting Horn. 
O. W. Holmes, Agnes. 
II. trans. To cause to move in an eddy ; col- 
lect as into an eddy; cause to whirl. [Kare.] 
The circling mountains rildii In 
From the bare wild the dissipated itonn. Thomson. 
eddy-water (ed'i-wa'ter), n. yaut., same as 
deutl-water. 
eddy-wind (ed'i-wind), n. The wind moving 
in an eddy near a sail, a mountain, or any other 
object. 
edelforsite (ed'el-fdr-sit), . [< JEdelfors (see 
def.) -I- -ie2.] I n mineral., a compact calcium 
silicate from ^Edelfors in Sweden, probably the 
same as wollastouite. 
edelite (ed'e-lit), n. Same as ]>rchnite. 
edelweiss (ed'el-wis; G. pron. a'dl-vi^), n. 
[G., < edel, noble, precious (= E. obs. athel, 
q. v.), + iceiss = E. white.'] The Leontopodium 
al/iinum ((!na- 
l>haliu>n Leoii- 
topoditmi) of 
the Alps and 
Pyrenees, a 
plant much 
sought for by 
travelers in 
Switzerland, 
where it grows 
at a great alti- 
tude in situa- 
tions difficult 
of access. It is 
remarkable for its 
dense clusters of 
flower-heads sur- 
rounded by a radi- 
ating involucre of 
floral leaves, all 
densely clothed 
with a close, white, 
cottony pubes- 
cence. 
edema, oedema (e-de'ma), M. ; pi. edemata, oede- 
mata (-ma-tS). [NL. a;deina, < Gr. oify/ia, a swell- 
ing, a tuniorj < ot&elv, swell, become swollen/ oi- 
<5of, a swelling.] 1. In ]iathol., a puffiness or 
swelling of parts arising from accumulation of 
serous fluid in interstices of the areolar tissue : 
as, edema of the eyelids. 2. [cap.] [NL.] A 
genus of bombycid moths, founded by Walker 
in 1855, hav- 
\ 1 ing the palpi 
pilose, rather 
long, ascend- 
ing in the 
male and por- 
rect in the fe- 
male, with the 
third joint lan- 
ceolate. The 
alH/rmu, natural size. larva of /,'. iillii- 
/roiu.which feeds 
on the oak, is a handsome caterpillar striped with yellow 
and black dorsallv, and pinkish on the under side. 
edematose, oedematose (e-dem'a-tos), a. Same 
as edematotis. 
edematous, cedematous (e-dem'a-tns), a. [< 
fi/cn>a(t-), cedenia(t-), + -nits.] Relating to ede- 
ma; swelling with a serous effusion. 
Eden (e'dn), n. [= F. 6den = 8p. Edfn = Pg. 
Eden = G. Eden, etc., < LL. Eden (in Vulgate), 
< Heb. and Chal. 'eden, Eden, lit. 'pleasure 1 
or 'delight.'] 1. In the Bible, the name of the 
garden which was the first home of Adam and 
Eve : often, though not in the English version of 
the Bible, called Paradise. 2. A region men- 
tioned in the Bible, the people of which were 
subdued by the Assyrians. It is supposed to 
have been in northwestern Mesopotamia (2 Ki. 
xix. 12; Isa. xxxvii. 12). 3. Figuratively, any 
delightful region or place of residence. Also 
Aden. 
Summer isles of Eden lying in dark-purple spheres of 
sen. Tenntnon, Locksley Hall. 
Edenic (e-den'ik), a. [< Eden + -iV.] Of or 
pertaining to Eden ; characteristic of Eden. 
By the memory of Edfnic joy 
Forfeit and lost. 
iln. Bivmiinn, Drama of Exile. 
Edelweiss ( I eontopodittm alpinum\ 
