effoliation 
effoliation (e-fo-li-a'shon), n. [Var. of exfolia- 
tion.] In bot., the removal or fall of the foliage 
of a plant. 
efforcet (e-fors'), v. t. [< F. efforcer, endeavor, 
strive, = Pr. exforsar = Sp. esforzar = Pg. es- 
foryar, force, also endeavor, = It. sforzare, 
force, rctl. endeavor, < ML. effortiare, efforciare, 
crforciare, force, compel, efforciari, endeavor, 
< L. ex, out, off, + fortis, strong: see force 1 . 
Ct. afforce, deforce.] To force; violate. 
Burnt his beastly heart t' efforce her chastity. 
Spenser, F. Q. 
efforcedt, [< efforce + -ed 2 .] Forceful; im- 
perative. 
Agnine he heard a more e/orced voyce, 
That bad him come in haste. 
Speitser, F. Q., II. viii. 4. 
efformt (e-f6rm'), v- 1. [= It. efformare, < L. ex, 
out, + formare, form.] To fashion; shape; 
form. 
Merciful and gracious, thou gavest us being, raised us 
from nothing, . . . (forming us after thy own image. 
Jer. Taylor. 
efformationf (ef-or-ma'shqn), n. [< efform + 
-ation.] The act of giving shape or form; 
formation. 
Pretending to give an account of the production and 
(formation of the universe. Ray, Works of Creation, i. 
effort (ef'ort or -ert), n. [< F. effort, OF. ef- 
fort, esfort = Pr. esfort = Sp. esfuerzo = Pg. 
esforqo = It. sforzo, an effort ; verbal n. of the 
verb (ML. effortiare) represented by effort, v., 
and efforce: see effort, v., and efforce.] 1. Vol- 
untary exertion ; a putting forth of the will, 
consciously directed^ toward the performance 
of any action, external or internal, and usually 
prepared by a psychological act of "gathering 
the strength" or coordination of the powers. 
A voluntary action, not requiring such preparation, is, 
both in the terminology of psychology and in ordinary 
language, said to be performed without effort. 
It is more even by the effort and tension of mind re- 
quired, than by the mere loss of time, that most readers 
are repelled from the habit of careful reading. 
De Quincey, Style, i. 
We could never listen for a quarter of an hour to the 
speaking of Sir James, without feeling that there was a 
constant effort, a tug up hill. 
Uacaulay, Sir James Mackintosh. 
2. The result of exertion ; something done by 
voluntary exertion ; specifically, a literary, ora- 
torical, or artistic work. 
In your more serious efforts, he says, your bombast 
would be less intolerable if the thoughts were ever suited 
to the expression. Sheridan, The Critic, i. 1. 
3. In mech., a force upon a body due to a defi- 
nite cause. Thus, a heavy body on an inclined plane 
is said to have an effort to fall vertically. Also, the ef- 
fective component of a force. Center of effort. See 
center!. Effort Of nature (a phrase introduced by Syd- 
enham), the concurrence of physiological processes tending 
toward the expulsion of morbific matter from the system. 
Mean effort, a constant force which applied to a par- 
ticle tangentially to its trajectory would produce the same 
total work as a given variable force. Sense Of effort, 
the feeling which accompanies an exertion of the will, by 
which we are made aware of having put forth force. It 
is held by some psychologists to accompany all sensations, 
since, as they say, all sensation produces an immediate 
reaction of the will. = Syn. Attempt, trial, essay, struggle. 
effortt (ef'ort or -ert), v. t. [< ML. effortiare, 
strengthen (of. confortare, strengthen: see com- 
fort, v.). also compel, force: see effort, n., to 
which the verb conforms. Cf. efforce.] To 
strengthen; reinforce. 
He efforted his spirits with the remembrance and rela- 
tion of what formerly he had been and what he had doye. 
Fuller, Worthies, Cheshire. 
effortless (ef'ort-les or -ert-les), a. 
+ -less.] Making no effort. 
[< effort 
But idly to remain 
Were yielding effortless, and waiting death. 
Southey, Thalaba, iv. 
effossion (e-fosh'on), n. [< LL. effossio(n-), a 
digging out, < L. effodire, pp. effossus, dig out : 
see effodient.] The act of digging out of the 
earth; exfodiation. [Rare.] 
He . . . set apart annual sums for the recovery of 
manuscripts, the effossions of coins, and the procuring of 
mummies. Martinus Scriblerut, i. 
effracture (e-frak'tur), i. [< LL. cffractura, a 
breaking (only in ref. to housebreaking), < ef- 
fringcre, pp. effractus, break, break open, < ex, 
out, + frangere, break: see fraction, frtirtun:] 
In surg., a fracture of the cranium with depres- 
sion of the broken bone. 
enfranchise (e-fran'ehiz), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
effrttncliixi'tl, ppr. rffranclti.tiiiti. [< OF. effrnu- 
MMM-, exfranchix*-',' stem of certain parts of ef- 
franchcr, eyfrancher, affranchise, < es- (< L. ex, 
1851 
out) + franchir, free: see franchise. Ct. af- 
froiicltinc.] To invest with franchises or privi- 
leges. [Rare.] 
effrayt (e-fra'), . t. [< F. effrayer, frighten: 
see affray (of which effray ia a doublet) and 
afraid.] Same as affray. 
Their ilain upstart, out of her den e/raide, 
And rushed forth. Speiaer, F. Q., 1. 1. 16. 
effrayablet (e-fra'a-bl), a. [< effray + -able.] 
Frightful ; dreadful. Harvey. 
effrayant (e-fra'ant), . [F., ppr. of effrayer, 
frighten: see effray and -anfl.] Frightful; 
alarming. 
The frontal sinus, or the projection over the eyebrows, 
Is largely developed [in the mlcrocephalous idiot], and 
the jaws are prognathous to an effrayant degree. 
Darwin, Descent of Man, I. 117. 
effraye' (e-fra-ya'), [F., pp. of effrayer, 
frighten: see effray.] In her., same as ram- 
pant. 
effrenationt (ef-re-na'shon), n. [< L. tffreua- 
tio(n-), < effrenare', pp. effrenatus, unbridle, < ex, 
out, + frenare, brittle, <frenum, a bridle.] Un- 
bridled rashness or license ; unruliness. Glos- 
sographia Aug., 1707. 
effrontt (e-frunt'), v. t. [< LL. effron(t-)s, bare- 
faced, shameless, < L. ex, out, +fron(t-)s, front, 
forehead: see/row* and affront.] To treat with 
effrontery. /Sir T. Browne. 
effrontedt (e-frun'ted), a. [Also effrontit (prop. 
Sc.); = F. effronte = Pr. esfrontat = It. sfron- 
tato, < L. as if "effrontatus), < LL. effron(t-)s, 
shameless: see effront.] Characterized by or 
indicating effrontery ; brazen-faced. 
Th' effronted whore prophetically showne 
By Holy John in his mysterious scronls. 
Stirling, Doomesday, The Second Houre. 
effrontery (e-frun'ter-i), n. [< OF. effronteric 
(F. effronterie), < effronte, shameless, < LL. </- 
fron(t-)s, barefaced, shameless: see effront.] 
Assurance ; shamelessness ; sauciness ; impu- 
dence or boldness in transgressing the bounds 
of modesty, propriety, duty, etc. : as, the effron- 
tery of vice ; their corrupt practices were pur- 
sued with bold effrontery. 
A touch of audacity, altogether short of effrontery, and 
far less approaching to vulgarity, gave as It were a wild- 
ness to all that she did. Scott, The Abbot, iv. 
I am not a little surprised at the easy effrontery with 
which political gentlemen, in and out of Congress, take it 
upon them to say that there are not a thousand men in 
the North who sympathize with John Brown. 
Einerson, John Brown. 
=8yn. Impertinence., etc. (see impudence) ; hardihood, au- 
dacity. See list under impertinence. 
effrontUOUSlyt (e-frun'tu-us-li), adv. [< "effron- 
tuous(cf.QF.effronteux) (irreg.< iiii.effroti(t-)s, 
shameless, + -u-oun) + -ly%.] With effrontery ; 
impudently. 
He most effrontuously affirms the slander. 
Roger North, Examen, p. 23. 
effulcrate (e-ful'krat), a. [< NL. "effulcratus, 
< L. ex, out, + fulcrum, a support.] In bot., 
not subtended by a leaf or bract : said of a bud 
from below which the leaf has fallen, 
effulge (e-fulj'), r. ; pret. and pp. eff'ulged, ppr. 
effulging. [< L. effulgere, shine forth, < ex, 
forth, + fulgere, shine : fee fulgent.] I. trans. 
To cause to shine forth ; radiate; beam. [Rare.] 
Firm as his cause 
His bolder heart 
His eyes effulging a peculiar fire. 
Thornton, Britannia. 
II. intrans. To send forth a flood of light; 
shine with splendor. 
effulgence (e-ful'jens), n. [= Sp. efulgencia, < 
L. effulgen(t-)s, ppr. : see effulgent.] A shining 
forth, as of light; great luster or brightness; 
splendor : as, the effulgence of divine glory. 
So breaks on the traveller, faint and astray, 
The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn. 
Beattu, The Hermit. 
To glow with the effulgence of Christian truth. 
Sumner, Hon. John Pickering. 
-Syn. Ilrilliance, Luster, etc. See radiance. 
effulgent (e-ful'jent), a. [< L. effulgen(t-)s, 
ppr. of effulgere", shine forth: see effulge.] 
Shining; bright; splendid; diffusing a flood 
of light, 
The downward sun 
Looks out effulgent from amid the flash 
Of broken clouds. Thomion, Spring. 
effulgently (e-ful'jent-li), adv. In an effulgent 
or splendid manner. 
effumabilityt (e-fu-ma-biri-ti), . [< effiima- 
ble: see -bility.] The quality of flying off in 
fumes of vapor, or of being volatile. 
Paracelsus . . . seems to define mercury !>y volatility, 
or (if I may coin such a word) effumainlilii. 
Boyle, Works, I. 539. 
effusive 
effumablet (e-fu'ma-bl), a. [< effume + -able.] 
Capable of flying off in fumes or vapor ; volatile. 
effumet (<--fum'), r. t. [< F. eff'umcr, < L. - - 
nuiiT, emit smoke or vapor, < ex, out, + fumarr, 
smoke, steam,</Mi, smoke, vapor: seefume.] 
To breathe or puff out ; emit, as steam or vapor. 
I can make this dog take as many whiffet as I list, and 
he shall retain or effume them, at my pleasure. 
B. Jonton, Every Man out of hU Humour, III. 1. 
effundt (e-fund' ), v.t. [< L. effundere, pour out : 
see effuse.] To pour out. 
Olyves nowe that oute of helthes dwelle 
Oytdreggea salt effunde uppon the roote. 
Palladiui, Hiubondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 108. 
If he his life rffuiul 
To utmost death, the high Uod hath deslgn'd 
That we both live. Dr. II. More, Psychozoia, li. 146. 
effuse (e-Mz'). r. t. ; pret. and pp. effused, ppr. 
effusing. [< L. effusus, pp. of effundere, ecfun- 
dere, pour forth, < ex, forth, + fundere, pour: 
see fuse.] To pour out, as a fluid; spill; shed. 
Smooke of encense effuse in drie oxe dounge 
Doo under hem, to hele hem and socoure. 
f'alladiun, HuslKnidrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 138. 
Whose maiden blood, thus rigorously efftud, 
Will cry for vengeance at the gates of heaven. 
Shat., 1 Hen. VI., T. 4. 
Why to a man enamour'd, 
That at her feet effutex all his soul, 
Must woman cola appear, false to herself and him? 
Steele, Lying Lover, v. 1. 
effuse (e-fus'), a. [= OF. effus Sp. efuso = 
It. effuso, < L. effusus, pp. : see the verb.] If. 
Poured out freely; profuse. 
"Tis pride, or emptiness, applies the straw, 
That tickles little minds to mirth e/uie. 
Young, Mght Thoughts, viil. 
2. In bot. : (a) Very loosely spreading, as a pani- 
cle, etc. (6) In lichenology, spread out without 
definite form or figure: opposed to effigurate. 
3. In zool. : (a) In conch., applied to shells 
where the aperture is not whole behind, but 
the lips are separated by a gap or groove. (6) 
In entom., loosely joined; composed of parts 
which are almost separated from one another: 
opposed to compact or coarctate. 
effuset (e-fus'), n. [< effuse, v.] Effusion; out- 
pouring; loss; waste. 
Anil much effuse of blood doth make me faint. 
Skat., 3 Hen. VI., II. 6. 
effusion (e-fu'zhon), n. [= F. effusion = Sp. 
efusion = Pg. effusSo = It. effusione, < L. efftt- 
sio(n-), < effundere, pp. effusus, pour out: see 
effuse.] 1. The act of pouring out, literally 
or figuratively; a shedding forth ; an outpour: 
as, the effusion of water, of blood, of grace, of 
words, etc. 
When there was but as yet one only family in the world, 
no means of instruction, human or divine, could prevent 
effution of blood. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, i. 10. 
Tin 1 . . . most pitiful! Historic of their Martyrdome, I 
have often perused not without effusion of tears. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 64. 
The effusion of the Spirit under the times of the Gospel : 
by which we mean those extraordinary gifts anil abilities 
which the Apostles had after the Holy Ghost is said to de- 
scend upon them. StillingJIeet, Sermons, 1. Jx. 
2. That which is poured out; a fluid, or figura- 
tively an influence of any kind, shed abroad. 
Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall )>e 
whiter than snow. Eikon Rasilike. 
Specifically 3. An outpourof thought in writ- 
ing or speech; a literary effort, especially in 
verse : as, a poetical effusion : commonly used 
in disparagement. 
Two or three of his shorter effusions, indeed. . . . have 
a spirit that would make them amusing anywhere. 
Ticknor, Span. Lit, I. 345. 
4. In pathol., the escape of a fluid from the 
vessels containing it into a cavity, into the sur- 
rounding tissues, or on a free surface : as, the 
effusion of lymph. 5. [ML. eff'usio(n-), tr. of Or. 
pvatf.] That part of the constellation Aquari- 
us (which see) included within the stream of 
water. It contains the star Fomalhaut, now lo- 
cated in the Southern Fish. Effusion of gases, in 
chetn., the escape of gases through minute apertures into a 
vacuum. In his experiments to determine the rate of effu- 
sion of gases, Graham used thin sheets of metal or glass, per- 
forated with minute apertures .086 millimeter or .003 inch 
in diameter. The rates of effusion coincided so nearly 
with the rates of diffusion as to lead to the conclusion that 
both phenomena follow the same law, and therefore the 
rates of effusion are inversely as the square roots of the 
densities of the gases. 
effusive (e-fu'siv), a. [< L. as if "effusirus, < 
effundere, pp. effusus, pour out: see effuse.] 1. 
Pouring out; flowing forth prof usely : as, effu- 
sive speech. 
Th' efiitirr. south 
Warms the wide air. and o'er the void of heaven 
Breathes the big clouds with venial shuwrrs distent. 
Thoauoii, Spring, L 144. 
