eighteen 
eahtatic'nc, rarrly ehtntyne (= OS. nhtntinn, nlitr- 
telxm = OKries. tirlilnlnn , urlilriir = 1). nrlil- 
ln a = Lii. iichlcin = OHO. ahtOzelinii, M1K1. 
nht;<lirn, iilizi-li<-ii, (i. <i<-l<t~/lni = Icel. <y'a = 
Sw. nili-rton = Dan. oc = Goth, *uhtautai- 
hun (not reconlcd) = L. octoderim = Gr. OKTU- 
KaiicKa (nai, and) = Skt. <txhtiiilnc.fi (accented 
on 2d syll.), eighteen), < <,////. etc., eight, + 
tedn, pi. -lijiir, ten: son cii/lit, and fan, tee/i".] 
1. n. Eight more than ten, or one more than 
seventeen : a cardinal numeral. 
II. ". 1. TIio sura of ten and eight, or seven- 
teen and one. 2. A symbol representing eigh- 
tci'ii units, as 18, or XVIII, or xviii. 
eighteenm.0 (a'ten'mo), . and a. [An E. read- 
ing of the symbol " 18mo," which orig. and prop, 
stands for L. octodecimo, prop, in the phrase 
tit 18jo, i. e., in octodecimo ; abl. of L. octodeci- 
in ii.t, eighteenth, <oeiorfmi = E. eighteen.] I. n. 
A size of book of which each signature is made 
up of 18 folded leaves, making 36 pages to the 
signature: commonly written 18w. In the I'nlt- 
ed .States the visual size of the 18mo untrimmed leaf is 4 
X 6i inches. Tile 18mo is troublesome to both printers 
and binders, from its complicated imposition and folding, 
and is now little used. 
II. o. Of the size of a sheet folded into eigh- 
teen leaves ; consisting of such sheets : as, an 
i-ii ill t/'i'ii mo page or book. 
eighteenth, (a'tenth'), a. and n. [< ME. "eighte- 
tcnde, *ehtetethe, < AS. eahtateotha = MHG. 
ahtzehende, ahzchende, G. achtzehnte = Icel. dt- 
jdndi = Dan. attends = Sw. adertonde = Skt. 
ashtddacd (accented on last syll.), eighteenth: 
as eighteen + -tit, ordinal suffix: see -th 3 .] I. 
a. itfext after the seventeenth : an ordinal nu- 
meral. 
II. . 1. The quotient of unity divided by 
eighteen ; one of eighteen equal parts of any- 
thing; an eighteenth part. 2. In music, an in- 
terval comprehending two octaves and a fourth. 
eightfoil (at'foil), n. [< eight + foifl, leaf; cf. 
trefoil, quatrefoil, etc.] In her., a plant or grass 
having eight rounded leaves: usually represent- 
ed as a set figure consisting of a circle from 
which eight small stems radiate, each support- 
ing a leaf. Also called double quatrefoil. 
eightfold (at'fold), a. [< eight + -fold.] Eight 
times the number or quantity. 
eighth (atth), a. and . [<ME. eigtthe, eightethe, 
flit uthe, etc., often contracted (being then like 
the cardinal) eight, eighte, etc., often with Scand. 
term., eghtende, egtende, aghtand, ahtand, auch- 
tande, etc., < AS. eahtotha, ehteotka = OS. ah- 
todo = OFries. achtunda = D. achtste = OHG. 
ahtodo, MHG. ahtode, ahtede, G. achte = Icel. 
dttandi = Sw. Attitude = Dan. ottende = Goth. 
ahtuda, eighth: as eight (AS. cnhta, etc.), eight, 
+ -th, ordinal suffix: see -tlfi.] I. a. Next 
after the seventh: an ordinal numeral. 
The mtffhtene commamlement es that " thou sail noghte 
bere false wyttnes agayncs thi neKhteboure." 
Uamitole, Prose Treatises (E. E. T. 8.), p. 11. 
And [God] sparide not the tlrst world, but kepte Noe 
the (/;/'// man the bl-foregoer of riKhtvvisiiesse. 
H'aclif, 2 Pet. li. 
II. . 1. The quotient of unity divided by 
eight ; one of eight equal parts of anything. 
2. In music: (a) The interval between any tone 
and a tone on the eighth diatonic degree above 
or below it; an octave. (6) A tone distant by 
an eighth or octave from a given tone ; an oc- 
tave or replicate. The eighth tone of a scale 
is really the prime or key-note of a replicate 
scale, (c) An eighth-note. 3. In cnrlu Kiig. 
law, an eighth part of the rents for the year, or 
of movables, or both, granted or levied by way 
of tax. 
eighthly (atth'li), ndr. [< eighth + -If.] In 
the eighth place ; for or at an eighth time. 
eighth-note (atth not), . In municnl notation, 
a note having half the time-value of a quarter- 
note ; a quaver : marked by the sign J* or C > 
or, when grouped, J"j , f f. 
eighth-rest (atth'rest), n. In musical notation, 
a rest, or sign for silence, equal in duration to an 
eighth-note: marked by the sign "7. 
eightieth (a'ti-eth), a. and n. [< ME. *ei?trthe. 
< AS. "hmidi ,ihli<i'itlin (= D. taclitigxte = OHG. 
ahto;<)</<i*to, (}. <icht.:igxtr, etc.): as eighty (AS. 
hitnilcitlitiitig. etc.) + -eth, -th, ordinal suffix: 
see -tit*.] I. a. Next after the seventy-ninth : 
an ordinal numeral. 
II. w. The quotient of unity divided by eigh- 
ty; one. of eighty equal parts. 
eightling (St'ling), . (< eight + -liiigl.] A 
compound or twin rrystal consisting of eight 
individuals, such as are common with rutile. 
117 
18o7 
eightscore (at'skor), a. or n. [< right + wore.] 
hight times twenty; one hundred and sixty. 
eighty (a'ti), . and . [< ME. cygty, eigteti, 
< AS. liHiiilciihtiitiy (seo hiuid-) = OS. ahUiilnrli, 
ahtodeg = OFries. achtaiitich = I), tuchtig = 
.oit^ic, ali;ec, 
G. acht:ig = Icel. dttatigir, attntiu = Sw. dttatio, 
atti<>=: Dun. (feft = Goth. nhiiiiitihiiinl. eighty: 
as eight (AS. eahta, etc.) + -tig, orig. a form of 
ten : see ten and -ty 1 .] I. a. Eight times ten, 
or one more than seventy-nine; fourscore: a 
cardinal numeral. 
II. . 1. The number greater by one than 
seventy-nine; the sum of eight tens. 2. A 
symbol representing eighty units, as 80, or 
LXXX, orlxxx. 
-eign. A false form of -ein, -en, in for-cign and 
socer-eign (which see). 
eigne (an or a'ne), a. [A bad spelling, in old 
law writings, of OF. aisnt, ainsn6 (F. nine = Pr. 
annats = 8p. entenado = Pg. enteado = It. an- 
tenato), < ains, before, + n6, born, < L. ante 
natus, born before: see ante- and natal. Cf. 
puisne, ult. < L. post natus.] 1. Eldest: an 
epithet used in law to denote the eldest son : 
as, bastard eigne. 2f. Belonging to the eld- 
est son ; unalienable ; entailed. 
eik 1 (ak), n. A Scotch form of oak. 
eik 2 (ek). . A Scotch spelling of eke. 
eikon (1'kon), n. : pi. eikones (i'ko-nez). [A di- 
rect transliteration (the L. form being icon) of 
Gr. c'tKui>, an image: see icon.] A likeness; an 
image; an effigy; particularly, one of the "holy 
images " of the Eastern Church. Also written 
icon. 
eikonic, a. See iconic. 
eikosarion (i-ko-sa'ri-on}, n. j pi. eikosaria (-&). 
[LGr. tinoaapiov (NGr. cinooapi), < eliaxfi ^ L. 
righiti = E. tiri'iiti/.] A coin of the Eastern 
Empire, equal to an obolus. Finlay, Greece 
under the Romans. 
eikosiheptagram (i*ko-si-hep'ta-gram), n. [< 
Gr. eiKooicxTa, seven and twenty, + ypa/i/ut, a 
written character.] A system of twenty-seven 
straight lines in space. 
eild 1 (eld), n. A Scotch form of eld. 
eild 2 (eld), a. Not giving milk : as, an eild cow. 
[Scotch.] 
eliding (el'ding), n. A Scotch form of elding. 
eileton(NGr.pron.e-le-ton'), n.; pi. etfeto(-ta'). 
[LGr. tihrpttv, the corporal, < Gr. eiZrjrtf, Attic 
tiX^r<Sf, rolled, wound, verbal adj. of eifeiv, Attic 
e'deiv, roll, wind.] In the Gr. Ch., the cloth or 
Covering, anciently of linen, but now of silk, on 
which the euchanstic elements are consecrat- 
ed, and which answers therefore to the corpo- 
ral of the Western Church. In the liturgies of Con- 
stantinople, the unfolding and spreading of the eileton is 
immediately followed by the warning to the catechumens 
to depart, and by the first prayer of the faithful. 
eimer (i'mer), n. [G. rimer, bucket.] A Ger- 
man liquid measure, having a capacity of from 
2 to 80 United States gallons, but most fre- 
quently from 15 to 18 gallons. 
-ein. [ME. -ein, -eyn, -ain, etc. : see -ain, -en.] 
An archaic form of -ain. -en, preserved in villein. 
eirach (e'rach), n. [Gael, eireag.] A hen of 
the first year ; a pullet. [Scotch.] 
eird-houset, . Same as earth-house. 
eiret, See eyre 1 . 
eirenarch, . See irenarch. 
eirenica, eirenika, n. See irenica. 
eirie, eiry, n. See aery 2 . 
eiselt, n. [Early mod. E. also eysell; < ME. 
eisel, eysel, auxile, aisille, < OF. nixil, aissil, 
vinegar, ult. < L. acetum, vinegar: see ascetic.] 
Vinegar. 
She was lyk thing for hunger deed, 
That lad her life onely by nreed 
Kneden with fisel strong and egre, 
And thereto she was lene and megre. 
Kum. of the Rote, 1. 217. 
Like a willing patient, I will drink 
Potions of tytel 'gainst my strong infection. 
Shut., Sonnets, cxi. 
[Vinegar was deemed efficacious in preventing contagion.] 
eisenrahm (i'zn-ram), . [G., lit. iron-cream: 
eisen = K. iron ; ralim = AS. ream, cream.] The 
German name for a variety of hematite having 
a fine scaly structure, greasy feel, and cherry- 
red color. It leaves a mark on paper. 
eisodia, . See isodia. 
eisodicon, eisodikon, n. See isodicon. 
eisteddfod (i-steTH'vod), n. ; pi. eiateddfodan (i- 
steTH-vod'a). [W., a sitting, a session, assem- 
bly, esp. congress of bards or literati, < eistcdd, 
sitting (as a verb, sit. be seated), + mod. a 
circle, inclosure.] An assembly ; a meeting: 
specifically applied to u national assembly or 
either 
congress of bards and minstrels held periodi- 
cally in Wales. The eisteddfod la * very ancient 
institution, but Its modern form dates from about the 
twelfth century. It Is designed to foster patriotism, to 
encourage the study of the Welsh language and literature, 
and to promote the cultivation of (be ancient bardic poetry 
and music of the principality, .since 1819 an eisteddfod 
has been held almost every year. It usually attracU thou- 
s of persons from ult ji 
three or four days, which are devoted to orations and con- 
parts of the country, and latts 
re devoted to orations and con- 
tests in poetry, singing, harping, etc. ; and prizes are award- 
ed, amid much enthusiasm and ceremony, to the succeat- 
ful competitors. The proceedings are conducted partly in 
Welsh and partly In Knglish. Similar meeting* are some- 
times held in the Tinted states by citizens of Welsh origin. 
eis-WOOl (is'wul), . A fine kind of worsted 
used for making shawls. Diet, of Needlework. 
either (e'THer or i'Tner: see below), a. and 
prow. [< ME. either, eyther, aither, ayther, 
ether, teimer, also cyder ! ayder, etc. (also contr. 
to'er, stspther to or), adj., pron. indef. and conj., 
< AS. eegther, contr. of Sghwather (= OFries. 
eider, aider, orig. "aiehtceder = OHG. "eogaliwe- 
dar, eocahicedar, iogahwedar, iogiicedar, MHG. 
irgeiceder, MG. iquedir, iquedder), either, each, 
contr. of the orig. "d-ge-hwiether, < a-, ever, in 
comp. an indef. prefix equiv. to mod. E. ever-, 
+ ge-, generalizing prefix, + hiraither, pron., 
whether: see whether, pron. The forms inter- 
change in ME., in both the pronominal and 
conjunctional use, with ME. awther, anther, 
athir, owther, outlier, other, contr. or (whence 
mod. E. or, the correlative of either, conj.), < 
AS. dhwcether, contr. dwther, duther.dthor (= 
OFries. ahvoedder, auder, ouder = D. ieder = 
MLG. ieder, ider = OHG. eohwedar, eotcedar, 
ioweder, MHG. ieireder, iweder, ieder, Gr.jeder), 
either, each, < d~, ever, in comp. an indef. pre- 
fix, + htxcethcr, pron., whether: this form being 
thus identical, with the exception of the prefix 
ge-, with the first form. Hence, with a nega- 
tive prefixed, neither, q. v. The regular literary 
pronunciation of either, according to history 
and analogy, is eraer (and so neither, neTHfer) ; 
but the dialectal pronunciation UTJK'T, which 
preceded the present literary pronunciation 
e^Hfer, and the pronunciation iTHer, which has 
now some currency even among educated per- 
sons, all have historical justification.] I. a. 
1. Being one or the other of two, taken indif- 
ferently or as the case requires: referring to 
two units or particulars of a class: as, it can 
be done in either way ; take either apple ; the 
boat will land on lithfi- side. 
Spirits, when they please, 
Can either sex assume, or both. 
Milton, P. L., I. 424. 
2. Being one and the other of two ; being both 
of two, or each of two taken together but viewed 
separately : as, they took seats on / itln r side. 
In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the 
river, was there the tree of life. Rev. xxu. 2. 
The pastor was made to take his seat before the altar, 
with his two sacristans, one on either side. Prescott. 
iln this use, each or both, according to construction, Is 
nearly if not quite always to be preferred. Properly, 
either refers Indefinitely to one or the other of two (and 
often In actual use, though less accurately, to some one of 
any number) ; each, definitely to every one of two or any 
larger number considered individually: a distinctness of 
signification which ought to l>e maintained, since inter- 
change of the words (less practised by careful writers 
now than formerly) offers no advantage, but may create 
ambiguity. Both, two together, one and the other token 
jointly, should be preferred when this Is the specific sense : 
but both and ""// may often be interchanged. Thus, the 
camp may be pitched on either side of the stream (on one 
or the other side indifferently); there were two camps, 
one on each side ; the camp was pitched on both sides (one 
camp, divided) ; there are fine buildings on both sides of 
the street, or on each side, but not on either side. ] 
IL jpron. 1. One or the other; one of two, 
taken indifferently. 
Dote the bark of that on seraede dlmmore 
Then outher of the other two. 
Jntcph of Arimathie (E. E. T. S.\ p. 7. 
And bothe hostes made to-geder grete love, as soone as 
eyder of hem myght sen other. Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), U. 148. 
Lepidus flatters both. 
Of both Is flatter d ; but he neither loves, 
Nor either cares for him. Shak., A. and C., ii. 1. 
2. Each of two ; the one and the other. [See 
remarks under I., 2.] 
The king of Israel and Jehoshaphat sat either of them 
on his throne. 2 Chron. xvlii. 9. 
Either'* heart did ache 
A little while with th..ui;ht of the old dajra. 
\\-iltiam Morrit, Earthly Paradise, II. 2!M. 
either (e'raer or i'THer: see either, a., etym.), 
conj. [< ME. either, eyther. etc., aicther, auther, 
other, etc., contr. also or, which now prevails as 
the second form in the con-elation cither . . . 
or. Hence, with a negative prefixed, neither, 
q. v. SeeeifAer, a. and^ro/i.] 1. In one case; 
