electrobath 
electrobath (e-lek'tro-bath), n. The liquiil 
used in electroplating, in which the metal to 
be deposited is held in solution. 
electrobiological (c-lck''tr6-bi-o-loj'i-knl), a. 
Of or pertaining to eleetrobiology. 
electrobiologist (e-lek'tro-bi-ol'o-jist), n. 
One versed ill clectrobiology. 
electrobiology (e-lek tro-bi-ol'o-ji), n. 1. Bi- 
ology as concerned with electrical phenomena; 
that branch of science which treats of the elec- 
tric currents developed in living organisms. 
2. That phase of mesmerism or animal mag- 
netism in which the actions, feelings, etc., of 
a person in the mesmeric condition are con- 
trolled, or supposed to be controlled, by the 
will of the operator. 
electrobioscopy (e-lek'tro-bi-os'ko-pi), H. The 
process of testing the muscles with electricity 
to determine if life is extinct. Greer, Diet, of 
Electricity, p. 49. 
electrobronze (e-lek'tro-bronz), n. A metal- 
lic coat given to iron articles by an electro- 
bath. The coating is subsequently protected 
by a varnish. 
electrocapillarity (e-lek"trp-kap-i-lar'j-ti), n. 
Certain phenomena collectively occurring at 
the common surface of two liquids in contact 
when their difference of potential is altered. 
The surface-tension of the liquids is changed, 
and motion usually results. See electrocapillary. 
electrocapillary (e-lek-tro-kap'i-la-ri), a. 
Capillary and electrical: designating certain 
capillary phenomena produced by electricity. 
Kor example, it a horizontal glass tube be filled with a 
dilute acid, and a drop of mercury be placed in the mid- 
dle of life tube, the passive of a current of electricity 
through it will cause the drop to move toward the nega- 
tive pole. A capillary electrometer has l>een constructed, 
in which the pressure of a column of liquid is made to 
balance the electrocapillary force exerted at the surface 
of contact of mercury and dilute acid, this force being 
nearly proportional to the electromotive force when it 
does not exceed one volt. 
electrocautery (e-lek-tro-kft'tdr-i), n. In SKrg., 
cauterizing by means of a platinum wire heated 
by the passage of a current of electricity ; the 
instrument used. 
electrochemical (e-lek-tro-kem'i-kal), a. Per- 
taining to electrochemistry. 
The electromotive force of an electrolyte is equal to the 
mechanical equivalent of the heat of combination of its 
electrochemical equivalent. 
.I/MM.-",,, tr. of Mascart and Joubert, I. 247. 
Electrochemical series, the arrangement of the chemi- 
cal elements in such an order that all the elements which 
are electropositive with reference to a given element are 
placed before it, anil all those which are electronegative 
after it. See electrolysis. 
electrochemically (e-lek-tro-kem'i-kal-i), adv. 
According to the laws of electrochemistry. 
The electro-chemically equivalent amount of copper sul- 
phate. Sci. Amer. Supp., p. 8814. 
electrochemist (e-lek-tro-kem'ist), n. One 
who practises electrochemistry. 
It [electrometallurgy] is a subject of intense Interest 
to the chemist and to the electrician, for it combines 
principles underlying its practice which belong to both 
professions. In fact, the man skilled in its science and 
art may appropriately be Btyled an eleetro-chemfnt. 
Jour. Franklin Inst., CXIX. 81. 
electrochemistry (e-lek-tro-kem'is-tri), n. 
Chemistry as concerned with electricity; the 
science which treats of the agency of electricity 
in effecting chemical changes, it is generally di- 
vided into electrolysis, or the separation of a compound 
body Into Its constituent parts by the passage of an elec- 
tric current, and litetnaiitsOwfW, or the application of 
electrolysis to the arts. See electrolysis. 
electrochronograph (e-lek-tro-kron'o-graf), n. 
A chronograph on which the record is made by 
electrical means: much used in astronomical 
observatories and in the laboratory for noting 
the precise instant or duration of transits and 
similar phenomena. See chrotiograph. 
electrochronographic (e-lek'trd-kron-o-graf- 
ik), a. Pertaining to an electrochronograph, 
or indicated and recorded by means of it. 
electrocopper (e-lek-tro-top'er), v. t. To 
plate or cover with copper by means of elec- 
tricity. See electroplating. 
Steel, iron, zinc, lead, and tin which have b<vn previ- 
ously elrrlro-CdfiiK'ml. Workshop Receipts, Istser., p. 212. 
electrode (e-lek'trod), . [= F. tlectrode; as 
electric + (Sr. 6tWf, way.] A pole of the cur- 
rent from mi electric battery or machine which 
is in use in effecting electrolysis : applied gen- 
erally to the two ends of an open electric cir- 
cuit. The positive pole is termed the aixxlc, 
and the negative pole the rntliiuli-. 
electrodeposit (e-lek* tro-de-poz'it), . That 
which has been deposited by means of elec- 
tricity. 
1869 
electrodeposit (e-lek'tro-de-poz'it), v. t. To 
deposit, as a metal or other substance, from a 
chemical compound, by means of electricity. 
In the same year also M. fie Ruolz electro-deposited 
brass from a solution composed of the cyanides of copper 
mid zinc dissolved in aqueous cyanides of potassium. 
G. Gore, Electro-Metallurgy, p. 25. 
electrodeposition (e-lek'tro-dep-o-zish'on), w. 
The deposition of metals or other substances 
from a solvent by means of electricity. 
Employed electro-deposition for producing the copper 
plat. O. Gore, Electro-Metallurgy, p. 25. 
electrodepositor (e-lek'tro-de-poz'i-tor), M. 
One who practises the art of electrodeposi- 
tion. 
In 1840, M. de Ruolz. a French electro-depositor, . . . had 
taken out a patent in France for electro-gilding. 
W. 11. WoM, Qalvanoplastlc .Manipulations, p. 20. 
electrodiapason (e-lek'tro-di-a-pa'zon), n. 
Same as electrical diapason (which see, under 
electrical). 
A universal support or electro-diapason, intended to in- 
scribe and show in projection the vibratory movements. 
Jour. Franklin Inst., CXXI., Supp., p. 48. 
electrodynamic, electrodynamical (e-lek'- 
tro-di-nam'ik, -i-kal), a. Pertaining to electro- 
dynamics Directrix of electrodynamic action. 
See dirt'ctrix. 
electrodynamics (e-lek'tro-dl-nam'iks), w. 
That part of the science of electricity which 
treats of the mutual action of electric currents 
and of currents and magnets. 
electrodynamism (e-lek-tro-di'na-mizm), n. 
See the extract. 
The trance caused by regarding fixedly a gleaming point 
produces in the brain, in his (Dr. Philips s] opinion, an ac- 
cumulation of a peculiar nervous power, which he calls 
eltctrodynamiew. Science, IX. 542. 
electrodynamometer (e-lek'tro-di-na-mom'e- 
ter), . [< electrodynamic + L. metrum, a 
measure.] An instrument for measuring the 
strength of an electric current by means of the 
attraction or repulsion mutually exerted by two 
coils of wire, through at least one of which the 
whole or a part of the current to be measured 
passes. 
Weber devised an instrument known as an electrodyna- 
mameter for measuring the strength of currents by means 
of the electrodynamic action of one part of the circuit upon 
another part. S. P. Thompson, Elect, and Mag. , p. 297. 
electrodynamometrical (e-lek'tro-dl'na-mo- 
met'ri-kal), a. Pertaining to the electrodyna- 
mometer. 
Electro-dwnammnetrical measurements. 
Electrical Rev., XXII. 159. 
electro-engraving (e-lek'tro-en-gra'ving), n. 
An etching process in which the plate, covered 
with a ground and properly etched, is placed 
in an electrobath to deepen the "bite" or cut- 
ting-in of the lines. 
electro-ergometer (e-lek'tro-er-gom'e-ter), it. 
See ergometer. 
electrogenesis (e-lek-tro-jen'e-sis), n. Causa- 
tion or production by electricity. 
electrogenetic (e-lek*tro-je-net'ik), a. Of or 
pertaining to electrogenesis. 
electrogild (e-lek'tro-gild), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
electrogilded,' electrogilt, ppr. electrogilding. ^Fo 
gild, by means of the voltaic battery, with a thin 
deposit of gold precipitated from a bath of a 
salt of the metal. 
electrogilder (e-lek-tro-gil'der), n. One who 
practises electrogilding. 
electrograph (e-lek'tro^graf ), n. [< Or. focicTpov, 
amber (repr. electricity: see electric, electro-), 
+ ypaijHiv, write.] 1. A curve automatically 
traced and forming a continuous record of the 
indications of an electrometer. 2. An appa- 
ratus for engraving the copper cylinders used 
in printing fabrics and wall-papers. The cylinder 
is first coated with varnish, which is scratched by dia- 
mond-points traversing upon it, and controlled by circuit- 
breakers, that are in turn controlled by the copyist. The 
exposed portions are then etched by exposure to an acid- 
bath. 
electrography (e-lek-trog'ra-fi), n. [< Or. r/?.f(t- 
Tjxtv, amber (repr. electricity), + -ypafia, < 
ypfyttv, write.] 1. Galvanography. Specifi- 
cally 2. The process of copying a fine en- 
graving on copper or steel by means of an elec- 
tro-copper deposit. 
eleetrokinetic (e-lek'trd-ki-net'ik), a. Of or 
pertaining to electrokinetics, or electricity in 
motion. 
electrokinetics (e-lek'tro-ki-net'iks), n. That 
branch of electricity which treats of electric 
currents, or the flow of electricity. 
electrolier (e-lek-tro-ler'), w. [Modern, formed 
in imitation of c/irfc/i<r.] A bracket, pen- 
electromagnet 
dant, or stand, often with branches, and orna- 
mented, used for supporting incandescent elec- 
tric lamps. 
electrolithotrity (e-lek'tro-li-thot'ri-ti), n. 
Lithotrity, or the destruction of vesical calculi, 
effected by electrolysis. 
electrologic, electrological (e-lek-tro-loj'ik. 
-i-kal), a. [< clcctroliiyy + -ic, -ical.~\ Or or per- 
taining to electrology. 
electrologist (e-lek-trol'o-jist), n. One vented 
in the science of electrology. 
electrology (e-lek-trol'o-ji), n. [= F. tln-t,,- 
logic; < Or. fjfanrpov, amber (repr. electricity), 
+ -foyia, < teyetv, speak: see -ology.'] The de- 
partment of physical science which treats of 
the phenomena and properties of electricity. 
electrolysability, electrolysable, etc. See 
electroly:abilitti, etc. 
electrolysis (l-lek-trol'i-sis), . [= F. electro- 
lyse, < Nli. 'electrolysis, < Or. f/^ncr/mv, amber 
(repr. electricity), + Xi'ff/f, solution, resolu- 
tion, < Avnv, loose, solve, resolve, t'f. analysis.'] 
The decomposition of a chemical compound, 
called the electrolyte, into its constituent parts 
by an electric current. Thus, water is decomposed 
by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen ; of these it is 
found that the hydrogen is attracted by the negative pole 
(the cathode), and is hence said to be eiectrojmritire, and is 
called the cation; while the oxygen collects at the posi- 
tive pole (the anode), and is said to be electronegative, and 
is called the onion. Similarly, by experimenting with 
different compounds and olwerving the behavior in each 
case, an electrochemical series of the elements, arranged 
In order, from oxygen, the most negative, to the most posi- 
tive metals, sodium, potassium, etc., has been deduced. 
A salt may also be decomposed by electrolysis : thus, cop- 
per sulphate yields metallic copper at the negative pole 
(upon which it is deposited), and sulphuric acid at the 
positive pole. By electrolysis Davy was able to decom- 
pose lime and the other alkaline earths, and thus to show 
that they were compounds of metals, calcium, etc., with 
oxygen. An electrolysis in which the Ions (a term in- 
cluding both union and cation) are produced at their re- 
spective electrodes without interference from these elec- 
trodes or the surrounding electrolyte is calh-d a primary 
electrolysis. Very often combinations take place between 
the ions and the electrodes or the electrolyte, so that the 
final products are different from the true ions. This is 
called secondary electrolysis. For the application of elec- 
trolysis in the arts, see electrometallurgy. 
electrolyte (e-lek'tro-llt), n. [< Or. f^tKTpov, 
amber (repr. electricity), -f ?.wor, verbal n. of 
Arav, solve, dissolve. Cf. electrolysis.'] A com- 
pound which is decomposable, or is subjected 
to decomposition, by an electric current. 
No elementary substance can be an electrolyte : for from 
the nature of the operation compounds alone are suscep- 
tible of electrolysis. W. A. Uiller, Elem. of Chem., 282. 
electrolytic, electrolytical (e-lek-tro-lit'ik, 
-i-kal), o. [= F. electrolytique ; as electrolyte 
+ -ic, -tea/.] Pertaining to or of the nature 
of electrolysis. 
It Is not Improbable that the increased electrolytic pow 
er of water by the addition of some acids, such as the sul- 
phuric and phosphoric, where the acids themselves are 
not decomposed, depends upon a catalytic elfect of these 
acids. W. R. Grove, Con. of Forces, p. 169. 
Electrolytic cell See cell. 
electrolytically (e-lek-tro-lit'i-kal-i), adv. In 
an electrolytic manner; by means of electroly- 
sis ; as in electrolysis. 
The fibre is carbonized in moulds of nickel, and is at- 
tached to the conducting wires by copper, electrotytically 
deposited upon them. O. B. frescott, Dynam. Elect., p. 283. 
electrolyzability (e-lek-tro-li-za-bil'i-ti), n. 
The capability of being decomposed by an elec- 
tric current. Also spelled electrolysability. 
electrolyzable (e-lek'tro-ll-za-bl), a. [= F. 
Electrolysable; as electrolyse + -able.'] Suscep- 
tible of decomposition by an electric current. 
Also spelled electrolysable. 
electrolyzation(f-lek'tro-li-za'shgn).n. [=F. 
electrolysaiion ; as electrolyte + -ation.] The act 
of electrolyzing. Also spelled electrolysation. 
electrolyze (e-lek'- 
tro-liz), p. *. ; pret. 
and pp. electrolysed, 
ppr. electrolyzing. [= 
F. electrolyser; < elec- 
trolysis. Cf. analyze, 
< analysis.] To de- 
compose by the direct 
action of electricity. 
Also spelled electro- 
bw, 
electromagnet (e- 
lek-tro-mag'net), n. 
A magnet which owes 
its magnetic proper- 
ties to the inductive 
action of an electric 
current. If an insulated 
wire is wound about a bar 
