electroplate 
electroplate (e-lek'tro-plat), r. t.; prel. and 
pp. eltictroplatcd, ppr. e&etfOftatiug. To plate 
or give a coating of silver or other metal to by 
meaiiH of electrolysis. See rli-ctromrlallurgy. 
To elrctroplate is to disguise with an adherent thin coat- 
Ing of metal, which then serves as an ornamental cover- 
Ing to the object treated. To electrotype, on the other 
hand, is to produce a separate ami distinct object, with an 
existence of its own. J. V. Urquhart, Electrotyping, p. 4. 
electroplate (e-lek'tro-plat), if. Articles coated 
with silver or other metal by the process of 
i j li rtroplating. 
electroplater (e-lek'tro-pla-ter), n. One who 
practises electroplating. 
electroplating (e-lek'tro-pla-ting), n. 1. The 
process or art of coating metals and other ma- 
terials with an adherent film of metal, in a bath 
containing a solution of the metal, by means 
of the electrolytic action of an electric current 
from a battery or dynamo. In simple forms of elec- 
troplating apparatus, the bath containing the metallic 
solution may form the battery, as In plating with copper. 
The more common plan is to employ a current obtained 
from some source outside the bath. Table-cutlery or 
-ware, building- or car-nxtures, lamps, etc., to be electro- 
plated, are suspended by wires from a metal rod laid 
across the top of the bath and connected with the nega- 
tive pole of the battery, this terminal of the current form- 
ing the cathode. The silver, nickel, copper, etc., to be de- 
posited Is suspended In like manner from a rod connected 
with the positive pole of the battery, the terminal form- 
ing the anode. (See electrot<itii, electrometallurgy.) The 
deposition of metals by electrolysis forms a part of several 
arts, as In electrotyping ; but as in these the film of metal 
deposited iu the bath Is not adherent, they are described 
under separate heads. Electroplating Is strictly the cov- 
ering of a metal with a metallic film permanently attached 
to It, as in nickel-plating, plating telegraph-wires with cop- 
per, and table-ware with silver. See electrotype, galvano 
plastic, galvanoglyph, galvanograph, and 
2. The deposit itself, 
by means of the process 
electropoion (e-lek 
rpov, amber (repr. < ... 
voiclv, make.] A mixture of sulphuric acid, 
bichromate of potash, and water, used as the 
liquid for batteries in which zinc and carbon 
are the poles. 
electropqlar (e-lek-tro-po'lar), a. 
an electrical conductor, one end or surface pos 
tive and the other negative. 
electropositive (e-lek-tro-poz'i-tiv), a. and n. 
I. a. 1. Attracted by bodies negatively elec- 
trified, or by the negative pole of a voltaic bat- 
tery. 2. Assuming positive potential when 
in contact with another substance, as zinc in 
a voltaic cell. 
II. n. A body which in electrolysis appears 
at the negative pole of a voltaic battery. Po- 
tassium is the most electropositive of all known 
bodies. See electrolysis. 
1871 
ritrd and ntand apart, thus giving a test for electricity. 
Thf RoM leaf electroscope of Bennet, Introduced i" IVwi, 
consists of two pi< cr^of L-iiM-leut, uimut A inch broad, tlxeil 
to a brass rod and hung inside a ulass globe which has 
In rn thoroughly dried. In order that the insulation of the 
apparatus may be aa nearly perfect as possible. The globe 
electnun 
ing, by drawing the lines on a metal plate with 
gome varnish which resists the action of acids, 
and placing it in an electrobath, when the ex- 
posed portions are bitten in, leaving the pro- 
________ . trdnl parts in relief. 
la" dosed with" a wooden stopper, through the center of electrotome (e-lek'tro-tom), . [< Or. ^nrr/jor, 
hi, I, passes a glass tube containing the bra* rod. The ^^ ^ J>l e ctricity), + ro/zoc, cutting, ver- 
bal adj. otrt/ivetv, Ta^tiv, cut.] An automatic 
circuit-breaker. Greet, Diet, of Elect., p. 54. 
electrotonic (e-lek-tro-ton'ik), o. 1. Of or 
pertaining to electrical tension: applied by 
Faraday to what at one time he erroneously 
believed to be a peculiar latent state or condi- 
tion of a conductor near another conductor 
through which an electric current was flow- 
ing. 2. Of, pertaining to, or produced by elec- 
trotonua. 
electrotonlclty (e-lek'tr^-to-nis'i-ti), n. [< 
etectrotonic + -ity.] Same as electrotonus. 
electrotonize (e-lok-trot'o-niz), v. t. ; pret. and 
pp. eleetrotonised, ppr. electrotonising. [< elec- 
trotonic + -izc.'} To alter the normal electric 
current of, as a nerve. See electrotonvs. 
electrotonous (e-lek-trot'o-nus), a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to electrical tension. 2. Of, per- 
taining to, or produced by electrotonus. 
Pith-ball Electroscope. 
Quadrant Electroscope. 
upper end of the rod Is furnished with a knob. If an clec 
trifled body Is brought near the top of the Instrument, In 
iction takes place ; the top becomes electrified oppositely electrotOnUS (e-lek-trot'o-nus), n. [< Gr. r//f K- 
to the body presented, and the pieces of gold-leaf similarly. 
To find If the latter are positively or negatively charged, 
a glass rod Is rubbed and brought near the knob ; if posi- 
tively charged, the leaves will diverge still more under the 
Induction of the glass ; If negatively, they will collapse, 
the negative electricity being attracted to the positive of 
the glass rod. Iu Volts s condensing electroscope, In place 
of the gilt knob there U a flat metal plate upon which 
rests another similar plate, which may be removed by an 
Insulating handle. Quadrant electroscope, a form of 
rpov, amber (repr. electricity), + rovof, tension : 
see tone.] The altered state of a nerve or a 
muscle during the passage of a galvanic cur- 
rent through it. The Irritability Is heightened In the 
neighborhood of the cathode and diminished In that of the 
anode. The currents of rest in the nerve are increased or 
diminished according as they run iu the same or an op 
site direction to that of the galvanic current. Also e 
trotonot, tlfctrut'micity. 
taining to the electroscope; 
means of the electroscope. 
Blectrosemaphore (e-lek-tro-sem'a-for), n. A 
semaphore operated by electricity. 
electrostatic, electrostatical (e-lek-tro-staf- 
lavmg, as ik _j_ ka n a . Pertaining to statical electricity, 
urtace posi- _ Electrostatic unite of electricity, those units which 
are based upon the force exerted between two quantities 
of statical electricity, as units of quantity, potential, etc. 
_____ _ ___ _______________ . 
ence which treats of the phenomena of stati- 
in the form of a thin sheet) of any engraved or 
molded surface. Copies of medals, jewelry, and silver- 
ware, of woodcuts and pages of composed type, are com- 
mon formsof electrotypes. The metal most used Iscopper, 
and the largest application of the process Is to the prepa- 
ration of plates for printing. The form of composed typo 
Is molded In wax, which Is dusted or coated with black- 
lead In order to make It a conductor. The wax mold Is 
suspended in a galvanic bath of sulphate of copper, through 
which a current of electricity is passed. The thin shell of 
copper which attaches to the mold is afterward backed 
type-metal Also eltctrotureot vl *. and commonly 
makes electrotypes. 2. 
electrotyping solution is held. 
' 
which the 
[Eng.] 
a. Pertaining 
static*, because In them the electricity is supposed to lw 
at rest. J. K. U. Gordon, Elect, and Mag., I. 28. 
electropuncturation, electropuncture (e- e lectrosteeling (e-lek-tro-ste'ling), n. The electrotypic~(e-lek-tro-tip'ik), 
lek'tro-pungk-tu-ra'shon, e-lek-tro-pungk tur), art of electroplating with iron the copperplates to or effected b'y means of electrotyping. 
w. Same as electropuncturing. U8ed ln engraving. See electroplating. electrotyping (e-lek'tro-ti-ping), n. The art 
electropuncturing (e-lek-tro-pungk'tur-ing), electrostereotype (e-lek-tro-ster'e-o-tlp), n. or process of making electrotypes. Also called 
w. In med., the operation of inserting two or s ame a s electrotime. ' aahanonlastic process. 
more needles in a 
part affected and 
then connecting 
them with the 
wires from the 
poles of a gal- 
vanic battery, 
electropyrome- 
ter (e-lek'tro- 
pi-rom'e-ter), n. 
See pyrometer. 
electroscope (e- 
lek'tro-skop), n. 
[= D. elek-tro- 
scoop = G. Dan. 
8w. elektroskop = 
F. Electroscope = 
Sp. electroscopo 
= Pg. electro- 
scopio = It. elet- 
troscopio, < NL. 
'electroscopium, < 
Or. ff^farpov, am- 
ber (repr. elec- 
tricity), + O-KO- 
Trfiv, view.] An 
electrotechnic, electrotechnical (e-lek-tro- electrotypist (e-lek'tro-ti-pist), n. [< electro- 
tek'nik, -ni-kal), a. Of or pertaining to elec- type + -int.] dne who practises electrotypy. 
trotechnics. " electrotypy (e-lek'tro-ti-pi), n. [= F. electro- 
electrotechnics (e-lek-tro-tek'niks), n. The typie; &s electrotype + -y.J The process of elec- 
methods, processes, and operations made use trotyping. Also called galvanoplasty. 
of iu the application of electricity to the arts, electrovection (e-lek-tro-vek'shon), n. [< L. 
electrotherapeutic (e-lek'tro-ther-a-pu'tik), a. electrum, amber (repr. electricity), + cectto(n-), 
Of or pertaining to electrotherapeutics. a carrying, < vehere, pp. tectus, carry : see con- 
electrotherapeutics (e-lek'tro-ther-a-pu'- vection, etc.. vehicle.'] Same as electrical etitios- 
tiks), n. The treatment of disease by means mosis (which see, under endoi-mosis). 
of electricity ; the principles and doctrines of electrovital (e-lek-trp-vi'tal), a. Electrical 
such treatment as a branch of medicine ; elec- and dependent upon vital processes. 
[Also electron ; = F. 
Condensing Electroscope. 
tropathy. 
electrotnerapeutist (e-lek'tro-ther-a-pu'tist), 
n. One who studies or practises electrothera- 
peutics. 
electrotherapy (f-lek-tro-ther'a-pi), n. Same 
as electrotherapeutics. 
electrothennancy (e-lek-tro-ther'man-si), . 
[< Or. ifaKTpuy, amber'(repr. electricity), + 8ep- 
uavatf, a heating, < Scp/iaivetv, heat, < 6epft6f, hot.] 
That branch of electrical science which inves- 
tigates the effects produced by the electric cur- 
rent upon the temperature of a conductor or 
part of a circuit composed of two different 
metals. 
instrument for observing or detecting the ex- electrothennotic (e-lek'tro-ther-mot'ik), a. 
istence of free electricity, and, in general, for Qf or re i a ti n g to heat generated by electricity, 
determining its kind. AH electroscopes depend for electrotin (o-lek'tro-tin), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
ary law of electric forces, that f ir,,trntinntA nnr. flfrtrntinnina. To electro- 
Same as elec- 
dissimilarly charged attract each other. 
Uu presenting an electrified body to them they become ex 
ting), n. A meth- 
od of making*a design, etc., in relief, for print- 
electrum (e-lek' trum),n. _ 
,'i<, -trimi = Sp. Pg. electro = It. elettro, < L. 
electrum, amber (called in pure L. guccinum), 
Also the metallic compound so called, < Gr. 
i,'f.i-K.Tpov, or i t /rKTpof, amber, also an alloy of gold 
and silver, akin to i//i/cTop, the beaming sun, 
also fire as an element; to 'l\).inTpa, a fern, 
name ; and prob. to Skt. arka, the sun, orchis, 
flame, V arch, beam, shine.] A word used by 
Greek (i/faicrpov) and Latin (electntm) authors 
with various meanings at various times. From 
the time of Herodotus on Its most common meaning in 
Greek was '.amber,' but it was also used for ' pure gold,' as 
by Sophocles. The Romans used eltctnim with the mean- 
ing of ' amber,' also as designating an alloy, which might be 
either natural or artificial, of silver and gold (Pliny gives 
the amount of silver present in electrum at one fifth of 
the whole). later on. electrum was confounded with on'- 
chalc (which see), and In the middle ages had acquired 
the definite meaning of ' brass.' At all times, and especial- 
ly among the Latin writers, there was more or leas uncer- 
tainty In regard to the meaning of this word, and there 
was a tendency among both Greeks and Romans to use It 
just as adamant was frequently used, namely, as desig- 
nating some Ideal, Imperfectly known substance pooened 
of almost miraculous properties. 
