1932 
2. To render furry or clammy ; make sticky. 
His tongue engleymed, and his nose Mack. 
Liber Festival, fol. 16 b. 
3. To clog ; cloy. 
The man that moche hony eteth his mawe it cngleymtth. 
Piers Plowman (B), xv. 66. 
II. intrans. To stick, or stick fast. 
That noon offes white 
Englayme uppon the rootes of her tonnge. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 26. 
an end, especially a'bad end; machinations; englaimoust, a. [ME. englaymous; < englaim 
enginery 
I have lived to mark 
A new and unforeseen creation rise 
From out the labours of a peaceful Land 
Wielding her potent enginery to frame 
And to produce. Wordsworth, Excursion, viii. 
The earth is shaken by our engineries. 
Emerson, Success. 
With a mighty inward whirring and buzzing of the en- 
rrinen which constitutes her [an automaton's! muscular 
system. 0. W. Holmes, Old Vol. of Life, p. 129. 
3. Any carefully prepared scheme to compass 
devices ; system of artifice. 
The fraudful enginery of Rome. Shenstone, Economy. 
All his own devilish enginery of lying witnesses, partial 
sheriffs, etc. Macaulay. 
Such a comprehensive and centralized scheme of na- 
+ -ous. Cf. glaimous.~\ Smeared; sticky. 
Som gomys thourghe gyrde with gaddys of yryne, 
Comys gayliche clede englaymous wapene ! 
Archers of Inglande fulle egerly schottes, 
Hittis thourghe the harde stele hertly dynnttis ! 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3685. 
tional education, if once thoroughly realized, would prove . 
the most appalling enginery for the propagation of anti- Englander (ing'glan-der), n. [= G. Englander 
Christian and atheistic unbelief. = Dan. Engliender; as England + -er 1 .] Ana- 
Sew Princeton Rev., II. 134. tiye of E ng i an( 3.j an English man or woman. 
[Bare.] 
I marvel what blood thou art neither Englander nor 
Scot. Scott, Abbot, iv. 
There are two young Englanders in the house, who hate 
4f. Engineering. 
They may descend in mathematicks to fortification, ar- 
chitecture, enginery, or navigation. Milton, Education. 
all the Americans in a lump. 
H. James, Jr., Daisy Miller, p. 35. 
engine-shaft (en'jin-shaft), n. In mining, a 
shaft used exclusively for the pumping-ma- 
chinery. 
engine-tool (en'jin-tol), n. Same as machine- englantS (F. pron. on-glon-ta'), [Heraldic 
tool. F., better *england6, < en-, = E. en-, + glands 
engine-turned (en'jin-ternd), a. Ornamented (equiv. to englante), acorned, < glande, < L. 
with designs produced by a rose-engine. Also glan(d-)s, an acorn t see gland.'] Ln her., bear- 
engined. ing acorns: said of an oak-tree used as a bear- 
engine-turning (en'jin-ter"ning), n. A class ing. 
of ornament executed by what is termed a rose- englet, n. and v. Same as ingle. 
English (ing'glish. The historical prop, would 
be eng'glish ; the change to ing'glish is due to 
the great frequency of i, and the almost entire 
absence of e, before ng in mod. native E. words), 
a. and n. [< ME. English, Englisch, Englissh, 
Englyssh, Englisse (= D. Engelsch = G. Englisch 
= Dan. Sw. Engelslc; cf. OF. Englesche, usu- 
ally Angleis, Anglois, F. Anglais = Sp. Ingles = 
Pg. Inglez = It. Inglese, English, after E. Eng- 
lish, as if from a ML. *Anglensis (see -ese), for 
Anglicus : see Anglic, Anglican), < AS. Englisc, 
rarely JEnglisc, English, i. e., Anglo-Saxon, per- 
Specin 
of Engine-turning. 
engine. It is used for such work as the network of 
curved lines on a bank-note engraving or a watch-case. 
. . r\T\ 1C*1U1T -ti^rty tnjv/, . . i > _. i i . * i i *> . . . . i r > ^ i . i .11, JJ^M. 
enginoust (en'ji-nus), a. [< ME. enginous, < OF. talning to tne Angles, a Low German tribe, < 
engignos, engignous, F. ingemeux = Pr. mgtnhm EngU ^ ng i e the Angles, who settled in Brit- 
= OSp. engenoso, Sp. ingenioso = Pg. engenhoso ."'.. . 
= It. ingeynoso, < L. ingeniosus, ingenious, < in- 
genium, natural ability, genius, LL. an engine. 
See engine, and ingenious, of which enginous is 
the older form.] Ingenious ; inventive ; me- 
chanical. 
It niaketh a man ben enginous 
And swifte of fote and eke irous. 
Gower, Conf. Amant., VII. 99. 
All the Enginous Wheeles of the Sonle are continually 
going. Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins, p. 30. 
Those beams, by enginous art, made often to mount and 
spread like a golden and glorious canopy over the deified 
persons that are placed under it. 
Middleton, Triumphs of Integrity. 
That's the mark of all their enginous drifts, 
To wound my patience. 
B. Jonaon, Cynthia's Revels, iii. 2. 
engird (en-gerd'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. engirt or 
engirded, ppr. engirding. [< en- 1 + gird 1 ."] To 
surround; encircle; encompass. 
My heart is drown'd with grief, 
Whose flood begins to flow within mine eyes ; 
My body round engirt with misery. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 1. 
While they the church engird with motion slow. 
Wordsworth, Processions in the Vale of Chamouny. 
engirdle (en-ger'dl), v. t.; pret. and pp. engir- 
dled, ppr. engirdling. [< en- 1 + girdle.] To in- 
close; surround. 
Or when extending wide their flaming trains, 
With hideous grasp the skies engirdle round, 
And spread the terrours of their burning locks. 
Glover, Sir Isaac Newton. 
engirtt (en-gert'), v. t. [For engird, altered 
through influence of its pp. engirt.] To encir- 
cle ; engird. 
A lily prison'd in a gaol of snow ; . . . 
So white a friend engirts so white a foe. 
Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 364. 
engiscope, n. See engyscope. 
engladt (en-glad'), v. *. [< enA + glad.] To 
make glad; cause to rejoice. 
Lyke as the larke vpon the somer's daye, 
When Titan radiant burnisheth his bemes bryght, 
Mounteth on hye, with her melodious laye 
Of the sonshyne enqladid with the lygjit. 
Skelton, Garland of Laurel, 1. 636. 
englaimt, ". [ME. englaymen, engleymen, be- 
smear, make sticky, cloy, < ew-1 + glaymen, 
gleymen, smear: see glaim.~] I. trans. 1. To 
besmear. 
The gorre [gore] guschez owte at ones 
That alle englaymez the gresse, one grounde ther he 
standez! Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1131. 
ain, giving to the southern part of it the name 
of Engla land (> ME. Englelond, England, Eng- 
land, mod. England), i. e., the land of the An- 
gles: see Angle?, Anglo-Saxon."] I. a. 1. Be- 
longing to or characteristic of England (the 
largest of the three kingdoms which with the 
principality of Wales form the United Kingdom 
of Great Britain and Ireland), or to its inhabi- 
tants, institutions, etc.: often used for British. 
Englische men beth Saxoynes, 
That beth of Engistes Soones. 
Arthur (ed. Furnivall), 1. 521. 
And thanne ther Remayned in the shippe iiij Englyssh 
prestis moo. Torkinyton, Diarie of Eng. Travel!, p. 56. 
Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more ; 
Or close the wall up with our English dead ! 
Shak., Hen. V., Hi. 1. 
O the roast beef of Old England ! 
And O the old English roast beef ! 
Fielding, Roast Beef of Old England. 
2. Of or pertaining to or characteristic of the 
language spoken by the people of England and 
the peoples derived from them. See II., 2. 
Early English architecture. See early. English 
basement, bond, horn, etc. See the nouns. English 
disease, rickets. 
II. n. 1 . Collectively, in the plural, the peo- 
Ele of England; specifically, natives of Eng- 
ind, or the people constituting the English 
race, particularly as distinguished from the 
Scotch, Welsh, and Irish. 
There goes the Talbot, with his colours spread, 
And all the troops of English after him. 
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., iii. 3. 
2. [ME. English, Englisch, etc., < AS. Englisc, 
Englisc, neut. adj. as noun (also with a noun, 
Englisc gereord or ge thedd), the English language 
that is, the language spoken by the Angles 
and, by extension, by the Saxons and other Low 
German tribes who composed the people called 
Anglo-Saxons. See etymology above, Anglo- 
Saxon, and def.] The language of the peo- 
ple of England and of the peoples derived from 
them, including those of English descent in the 
United States of America, Canada, Australia, 
New Zealand, and the British dependencies in 
India, Africa, and other parts of the world. 
The signification of the term English, as applied to lan- 
guage, has varied with its changes of signification in politi- 
cal use. Originally applied to the language of the Angles, 
it came in time to be the general designation of the aggre- 
gate of slightly differing Low German dialects, Anglian 
and Saxon, which was recognized as the national tongue 
of the Teutonic invaders of Britain. This tongue, now 
English 
generally known as Anglo-Saxon (see Anglo-Saxon), under- 
went in the course of time, by the Scandinavian invasion 
in the ninth century, and by the Norman conquest and the 
introduction of Norman French in'the eleventh century, 
changes so extensive and profound as to make the " Eng- 
lish" language of the later periods practically another 
tongue. Accordingly, the older stages of the language 
have at different periods received some special data*- 
tion, w Saxon, Anglo-Saxon,English-Saxon,or Saxon-Eng- 
lish for the language before the Norman conquest, and Old 
English or Early English for the period between the Nor- 
man conquest and the modern period. Recently some 
British scholars have insisted on using English to cover 
the whole range of the language, applying Old English, or, 
as some term it, Oldest English, to the Anglo-Saxon period. 
But, apart from the question as to the practical differences 
of the Anglo-Saxon and the language later called English, 
this tends to confusion, the term Old English having long 
had a distinct and well-understood application to the 
mixed language developed after the Norman conquest. 
Various divisions have been made of the periods of Eng- 
lish. All are more or less arbitrary, there being no abso- 
lute gap even between the Anglo-Saxon and the following 
period. A common division, adopted in this dictionary, 
is as follows : (1) Anglo-Saxon, meaning usually and chief- 
ly West-Saxon, but including all other Anglo-Saxon dia- 
lects Kentish, Mercian, Old Northumbrian, etc., from the 
middle of the fifth century, or rather from the seventh 
century, when the first contemporary records (in Anglo- 
Saxon) begin, to the middle or end of the twelfth century 
(A. D. 450 (600)-1150 (1200)); (2) Middle English, also called 
Old English, from the middle or end of the twelfth cen- 
tury to the beginning of the sixteenth century (A. D. 1150 
(1200)-1500) ; (8) Modern English, or simply English, from 
the beginning of the sixteenth century to the present time. 
Each of these periods is divided, when convenient, into 
three subperiods by the terms early and late applied to the 
first and the last part of the main periods. The periods of 
transition cannot be exactly fixed, and in the etymologies 
of this dictionary the designation " early Middle English," 
for example, with reference to a word or form, may coin- 
cide in date with the designation "late Anglo-Saxon," as 
applied to another word or form of earlier aspect or spell- 
ing. So " early modern English," referring properly to the 
first part of the sixteenth century (A. D. 1500-1550), may in 
some cases refer back to the last decades of the fifteenth 
century, or, in regard to archaic forms and spellings, may 
extend to the end of the sixteenth century. In particular 
cases the date of the century or the date of the year is 
given. Philologically, English, considered with reference 
to its original form, Anglo-Saxon, and to the grammatical 
features which it retains of Anglo-Saxon origin, is the most 
conspicuous member of the Low German group of the 
Teutonic family, the other Low German languages being 
Old Saxon, Old Friesic, Old Low German, and other extinct 
forms, and the modern Dutch, Flemish, Friesic, and Low 
German (Platt Deutsch). These, with High German, con- 
stitute the "West Germanic" branch, as Gothic and the 
Scandinavian tongues constitute the "East Germanic" 
branch, of the Teutonic family. (See the terms used.) By 
mixture with the Celtic and Latin of the Anglo-Saxon pe- 
riod, and later with the kindred Scandinavian, and then 
with the Old French of the Norman and other dialects, 
especially with the Norman French as developed in Eng- 
land (the Anglo-French), and with later French, and finally, 
in consequence of the spread of English exploration, com- 
merce, conquest, and colonization, with nearly all the oth- 
er great languages of the globe, English has become the 
most composite language spoken by man. The vocabu- 
lary of common life is still about three fourths of Anglo- 
Saxon origin ; but the vocabulary of literature and com- 
merce contains a majority of words of foreign origin, chief- 
ly Latin or Greek, coming in great part through the Ro- 
mance tongues, and of these chiefly through French. The 
languages from which the next greatest contributions have 
been received are the Scandinavian (Icelandic, Swedish, 
Danish, Norwegian), the Low German (Dutch, Flemish, 
etc.), Celtic, Hebrew, Persian, Arabic, Hindustani, Turk- 
ish, Malay, Chinese, American Indian, etc. The words 
derived from the more remote languages are, however, in 
great part names of products or customs peculiar to the 
countries concerned, and few of them enter into actual 
English use. 
Dan Chaucer, well of English undefyled. 
Spenser, F. Q., IV. ii. 32. 
The critical study of English has but just commenced. 
We are at the beginning of a new era in its history. Great 
as are its powers, men are beginning to feel that its neces- 
sities are still greater. 
G. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., xxviii. 
3. The English equivalent of a foreign word; 
an English rendering. 
" Lithcock! it's Latin," the lady said, 
" Richard's the English of that name." 
Earl Richard (Child's Ballads, III. 269). 
And for English gentlemen me thinks it must needs be 
nt- 
Florio, It. Diet., To the Reader, p. 14. 
4. In printing, a size of type between pica and 
great primer: in the United States, about 5J 
lines to the linear inch. 
This line is in English type. 
5. Ln billiards, a twisting or spinning motion 
imparted by a quick stroke on one side to the 
cue-ball. All deviations by the cue-ball from such mo- 
tion as would naturally result from a straight central 
stroke with the cue, or from the slant given by impact on 
the side of an object-ball after such a stroke, are governed 
by the same principle ; but as most force-shots have special 
names (draw, follmi; masse, etc.), the word English is gen- 
erally used only when the ball glances after impact in a 
direction more or less sharply anuular from the object- 
ballor cushion. [I". S.] Pidgin English. See Pidgin- 
English. Sandal- WOOd English. See the extract. 
