Entomophthora 
Entomophthora (eu-to-mof 'tho-rii), . [NL., < 
Or. IVTO/MV, insect, + ipOo/n:, ili-ilrin'tion, < qthi- 
pciv, destroy.] Formerly, a genus of Kntomoph- 
thorea', now regarded as a subgenus or syno- 
nym of /.'/W/IH.S'rt, 3. 
Entomophthoreae (en'to-mof-tho're-e), n. pi. 
[NL., < Entomophthora H- -<?;.] A small group 
of fuugi, most of which are parasites of in- 
sects. Tlit-y iiniilm c hyphie of large diameter and fatty 
content*, which at h'lmili rmiTKi! from the insect In white 
masses. and product) at their tips coniiliu which are forci- 
bly thrown into tiu' ;iir. Hoi*ting spores are also produced. 
Five genera are recognized, of which the principal one is 
Kutinttct. 
ontomophytous (en-to-mof'i-tus), a. [< NL. 
ciiloiiio/>/ii/ti<n, < Gr. ivTOftov, insect, + <pvr6(, 
grown, verbal adj. ottiveaOai, grow.] In mycol., 
growing upon or in insects or their remains; 
entomogenous. 
entomosis (on-to-mo'sis), n. [NL. ; < Gr. Ivro/iov, 
t, + -osis.) In pathol., a disease caused 
1953 
cf. tonic.} In pathol., exhibiting high tension 
or violent action. 
Entoniscidae (en-to-nis'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Kiitoiiixi-Hs + -idto'l A family of isopod crus- 
taceans parasitic in the body-cavity of other 
crustaceans, as cirripeds, crabs, etc. Some are 
parasites of parasites. It contains such gen- 
era as Cryptoniscus and Entoniscus. 
EntoniscuB (en-to-nis'kus), n. [NL., < Gr. '- 
rof, within, + NL. Oniscus, q. v.J The typical 
by a parasitic hexapod insect. 
Entomostega (en-to-mos'te-gil), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. IVTO/IOV, insect, + artyos, roof, house.] A 
division of Foraminifera, haying the cells sub- 
divided by transverse partitions. 
Entomostomata (en*t6-mos-t6'ma-t&), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. Ivrofiov, insect, + aro/ja" mouth.] 
In De Blainville's system, a family of siphono- 
branchiate gastropods, having the lip of the 
shell notched. It was made to include the modem 
families Buccinidie, Muriciilfr, Harpida!, Dvliidce, Ccw- 
lUtim, Cerithiida, Plenaxidtr, Trrebritla, and Cancel- 
lariidie. 
Entomostraca (en-to-mos'tra-kS), n.pl. [NL. 
fO. F. Mttller, 1785), 'neut. pi! of entomostracus, 
< Gr. IVTOUOV, insect, + dar/iaKov, an earthen ves- 
sel, a shell, esp. of Testaeea. See ostracism.'} In 
""'. : (a) Latreille's name for all crustaceans, 
except the stalk-eyed and sessile-eyed groups. 
It U restricted to a portion of the lower crustaceaun, but 
the classifications vary so much that the term is gradually 
being abandoned. The groups usually noted by It are the 
Ogtracoda, as Cypris; Copepfnla t &s Cyclops ; Ctadocera, as 
Daphnia(aeeDaphnia)', cranc/uo/wrfa, as the brine-shrimp 
(Arttmia mlintt) and the glacier-flea (Podura nivalia) ; 
TriltiMtfit, all of which are extinct ; Meroitoinata, of which 
Eurypteriu and Ple.rygotu* are the best-knuwn examples 
among fossils, the king-crab l>eing the only living example. 
Tci these some add the Kptioa, or parasitic crustaceans. 
No zoological definition can be framed to include all these 
groups, each of which is now usually regarded as a distinct 
order. The Entoinostraca appear to have been first named 
by 0. F. MUller in 1785, and have also been called Gnathu- 
poda, as by H. Woodward. (6) In various systems, 
one of two main divisions of Crustacea proper 
(the other being Malacostraca). it is divided into 
Cirripedia (including Rkizocephala"), Copepoda (Including 
Siphonostoiiut), Oitracoda, and Branchiopoda (the latter 
covering both Clndocera and Phyllopoda). (<) As re- 
stricted, defined, and retained by Huxley, those 
Crustacea which have not more than three max- 
illifonn guathites and completely specialized 
jaws, the abdominal segments (counting as 
such those which lie behind the genital aper- 
ture) devoid of appendages, if there be any ab- 
domen, and the embryo almost always leaving 
the egg as a nauplius-form. Thus denned, the En- 
tomottraca are divided Into : 1, Copepoda ; 2, Epizoa ; 3, 
Branchiapoda ; 4, Ostraeoda ; 5, Ptctostraca. 
entomostracan (en-to-mos'tra-kan), a. and n. 
1. o. Pertaining to or having the characters of 
the Entomostraca. 
II. n. One of the Entomostraca. 
When we come to the coal-meosnres, the Malacostraca 
disappear; lint we then find the gigantic entuiiuatniean 
called the king-crab. Owen, Anat. 
entomostracite (en-td-mos'tra-sit), n. [As 
MnMMfrtKM + -tte 2 .] Atrilobite; oneof the 
fossils known ns cntomolites. 
entomostracous (on - to - mos ' tra - kus), a. [< 
NL. entomostracits : see Entomostraca.} Per- 
taining to or having the characters of Entomox- 
traca. 
Within the stomach (of Pollicipet Potymenu] from top 
to bottom, there were thousands of a bivalve entomostra- 
emu crustaivnn. Dnrtrin, Cirripedia, p. 318. 
entomotaxy (en'to-mo-tak'si), n. [< Gr. tvro- 
pov, insect, + rdl-ic, arrangement.] The art of 
preparing, setting, and preserving insects as 
cabinet specimens. C. V. Biley. 
entomotomist (en-to-mot'o-mist), n. [< ento- 
iiintniiii/ + -i.it.] One who studies the interior 
structure of insects; an entomological anato- 
mist. 
entomotomy (en-to-mot'o-mi), n. [< Gr. tvro- 
liov, insect, + To/if/, a cutting.] 1. The dis- 
section of insects ; entomological anatomy. 
2. The science of the anatomical structure of 
inserts. 
entonic (en-ton'ik), a. [< Gr. ivrovof, strung, 
stretched, < incivcw, stretch: see entasis, and 
123 
Entonistus farasitts (female), minified. 
genus of parasitic isopods of the family Entonis- 
cidce. /.'. i>nfi-i Iliniii' is an internal parasite of 
a Brazilian crab of the genus Porcellana. 
entoparasite (en-to-par'a-sit), n. [< Gr. brae, 
within, + irapaatrof, parasite : see parasite. } 
An internal parasite ; a parasite living in the 
interior of the host. 
entoparasitic (en'to-par-a-sit'ik). a. [< ento- 
parasite + -ic.} Of the nature of an entopar- 
asite ; living in the interior of the host, as an 
entoparasite. 
entopectoralis (en'to-pek-to-ra'lis), n. ; pi. en- 
topectorales (-lez). fNL. (Cones, 1887), < Gr. 
vrof, within, + L. pectoralis: see pectoral.} 
The inner or lesser pectoral muscle ; the pec- 
toralis minor (which see, under pectoralis). 
entoperipheral (en*t6-pe-rif'e-ral), a. [< Gr. 
tvrof, within, + Trcpupfpeia. periphery, + -/.] 
Situated or originated within the periphery or 
external surface of the body: specifically ap- 
plied to feelings set up by internal disturb- 
ances: opposed to epiperipheral : as, hunger is 
an entoperipheral feeling. See extract under 
epiperipheral. 
entophyta (en-tof'i-t&), n. pi. [NL., pi. of en- 
tophytum : see entoph'yte.} Entophytes. 
entophytal (en'to-fi-tal), a. Same as entophytic. 
entophyte (en'to-fit), n. [< NL. entophytum, 
< Gr. iroc, within, + <j>vr6v, a plant.] A plant 
growing within an animal or another plant, 
usually as a parasite. Entophytes are chiefly para- 
sitic fungi, and in use the term is not commonly employed 
except for those growing within animals. The commonest 
and most generally distributed entophytes are the bac- 
teria, some of which are harmless and may occur in healthy 
animals ; hut many species produce diseases, especially 
contagious diseases. (.See bacterium, Schiiomycftfg.) Cer- 
tain groups of fungi are almost entirely entophytic in 
habit, as Cordycept and the related forms of luaria, the 
Entomophtkorea, and others. (See cut under Cordyceps.) 
Also endojthyte. 
entophytic (en-to-fit'ik), a. [< entophyte + -ic.} 
In hot., having the character or habit of an en- 
tophyte. Also entophytal, cntophytous, endophy- 
tal, endophytic. 
The rntophytie fungi which Infest some of the vegetables 
most important to man . . . constitute a group of special 
interest to the microscoplst. 
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., i 319. 
entophytically (en-to-fit'i-kal-i), adv. As an 
entophyte; in an entophytic manner. Also 
endophytically. 
Wounded places, . . . though of very small extent, are 
always in the natural course of things the parts where 
the endophytically developed Fungus first makes its attack. 
De. Bar;i, Fungi (trans.), p. 360. 
entophytous (en'to-fi-tus), a. Same as ento- 
entoplastic (en-to-plas'tik), a. [< Gr. cvr6f, 
within, + jrAa<TTof, < Tr^aardf , verbal n. of irXocr- 
miv, form.] Same as cndoplastic. 
These product! are therefore either ectoplastic or rntn- 
plantif. E. R. Lanlcetter, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 832. 
entoplastron (en-to-plas'tron), n. ; pi. entoplas- 
tra (-tra) . [NL. , < Gr. cvr6f, within, + NL. plas- 
tron, q. y.] The single median and anterior one 
of the nine pieces of which the plastron usually 
consists in chelonians or turtles and tortoises: 
so named by Huxley to avoid the use of the 
more frequent name entosternttm, as the plas- 
tron is not now supposed to contain any ster- 
nal elements. See epijrtimtrnn, and cuts under 
carapace, Chelonia (second cut), and plastron. 
entosthoblast 
entopopliteal (en'to-pop-lit'e-al), a. [< Gr. 
fvrof, within, + popliteal, q. v.J In anat., sit- 
uated on the inner side of the popliteal space 
or region. Coves, 1887. 
Entoprocta (en-to-prok'tft), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of cntoproctus: see entoproctova.} One of 
two divisions of I'olyzoa established bv Nitsche 
(the other being Ectoprocta), including those 
Polyzoa in which the anus opens within the cir- 
clet of tentacles of the lophophore. 
entoproctoua (en-to-prok tus), a. [< NL. ento- 
proctus,<.QT. cvr6f, within, + irpuKrAf, the anus.] 
Having the anus inside the tentacular circlet 
of the lophophore ; pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Entoprocta. 
entopterygoid (en-top-ter'i-goid), a. and n. [< 
NL. entopterygoideus, q. v.] I. a. Pertaining to 
the entopterygoid, or to the internal pterygoid 
bone or process. 
II. . A bone of the skull in Vertebrata, form- 
ing an internal part of the palate ; the inter- 
nal or true pterygoid bone. It U free and distinct In 
most vertebrates in which it occurs, lint In man and mam- 
mals generally It forms the so-culled Internal pterygoid 
process of the sphenoid, being In adult life (Irmly anky- 
losed with the sphenoid. See cut under palatoyuadratt. 
The pnlato-<inadrate arch (of teleostean fishes] Is rep- 
resented by several bones, of which the most constant are 
the palatine in front, and the quadrate behind and below. 
Besides these there may be three others : an external, ec- 
topterygoid ; an internal, entuytfrytjoid, and a metaptery- 
gold. llujclty, Anat Vert., p. 136. 
entopterygoideus (en-top-ter-i-goi'de-us), n.; 
pi. entopterygoidei (-i). [NL., < Gr. fvnSf, with- 
in, + NL. ptei-t/goideus.} The internal ptery- 
goid muscle. See pterygoideus. 
entoptic (en-top'tik), a. [< Gr. cvr6f, within, 
+ oTrrwof, pertaining to sight : see optic.} Of or 
pertaining to the interior of the eye. 
Many forms emerge from the macula Intea In entoptic 
seeing with closed eye, suggesting that It is a seat of 
memory for Images that reach it from without. 
Amer. Jour. PtychoL, I. 312. 
Entoptic phenomena, visual perceptions dependent on 
the eyeball Itself, and not on external objects, as muscee 
volitantes, phosphenes, etc. 
entoptically (en-top'ti-kal-i), adv. In an en- 
toptic way or manner. 
entoptics (en-top'tiks), n. [PI. of entoptic: 
see -ics.} The sum of knowledge concerning the 
phenomena of the interior of the eye. 
entoptoscopic (en-top-to-skop'ik), a. [< entop- 
toscopy + -ic.} Pertaining to entoptoscopy : 
as, "entoptoscopic methods," li. A. Randall, 
Med. News, L. 259. 
entoptoscopy (en-top-tos'ko-pi), w. [< Gr. h- 
r6f, within, + onrfif, verbal' adj. of y orr, tut. 
oifteotiai, see, + OKoireiv, view.] The autoscopic 
investigation of the appearances presented by 
the structures in the healthy or diseased eye. 
entortilationt (en-tor-ti-la'shon), . [< F. en- 
tortiller, twist (< en- + tortiller, twist, < L. tor- 
quere, pp. tortus, twist : see tort, torsion), + 
-ation.} A turning into a circle. Donne. 
Entosphaerida (en-to-sfer'i-dii), n. pi. [NL.. 
< Gr. evrof, within, + aifaipa, a ball, + -irfa.j 
A division of radiolarians made by Mivart for 
those forms which have a spheroidal intracap- 
sular shell not traversed by radii, and no nu- 
clear vesicle, as in the genus Haliomma, which 
is typical of this division. 
entosphenoid (en-to-sfe'noid), n. [< Gr. nror, 
within, + a&rrOoetdiK, wedge-shaped: see sphe- 
noid. } The internal cuneiform bone of the foot, 
usually called the entocuneiform. Coues. 
entosternal (en-to-ster'naj), a. [< entoster- 
num + -fl/.] Of of pertaining to the entoster- 
num or entoplastron. 
entosternite (en-to-ster'nit), n. [< entosternum 
+ -tte 2 . ] An internal cartilaginous plate de- 
veloped to support a series of muscles in vari- 
ous arthropods, as in tarantulas, scorpions, the 
king-crab, etc. Generally called endosternite. 
In the Arachnids (Mygale, Scorpio) and In Limnlns a 
large Internal cartilaginous plate the ento-tterntie Is 
developed as a support for a large series of muscles. 
E. A Lanttttcr, Encyc. Brit, XVI. 676. 
entosternum (en-to-ster'num), n. [NL., < Gr. 
evros , within, + arlpvov, the breast, chest : see 
sternum.} In entom.: (a) A collective name 
for the apodemes or interior processes of the 
sternum in the thorax of an insect. (6) Any 
one of these processes, generally distinguished 
as antefurca, mesofurca, and postfurca. 
entosthoblast (en-tos'tho-blast), n. [< Gr. h>- 
rooOe, before a vowel IvrocOcv, from within (< 
Ivrtf, within, + -Be, -0ev, a demonstrative suffix, 
from), + j/QOTOf, a bud, germ.] In physiol., 
the so-called nucleus of the nucleolus or ento- 
blast. Agassis. 
