Eonycteris 
ropodidce, represented by E. spclwa, inhabiting 
caves in Burma, and differing from Notopteris in 
the dental formula. The teeth are, in each hall-jaw, 
2 incisors, 1 canine, and 3 premolars above and below, and 
2 upper and 3 lower molars. The index-finger has no claw, 
as in Notopteris. 
eophyte (e'o-fit), n. [< Gr. r/itf, dawn, + <t>vrov, 
a plant, < gfteomu, grow.] In paleon., a fossil 
plant found in eozoic rooks. 
eophytic (e-o-fit'ik), a. [< eopltyte + -ic.] Of 
or pertaining to eophytes ; relating to the old- 
est f ossilif erous rocks ; eozoic. 
Eopsaltria (e-op-sal'tri-a), n. [NL. (Swainson, 
1831), < Gr. ?;<jf, dawn, the east, + tyaATpia, a 
female harper : see Psaltria.'] A genus of Aus- 
tralian and Oceanican shrikes, containing such 
as E. australis and E. gularis. 
eorlt, n. The Anglo-Saxon form of earl. 
Eos (e'os), n. [Gr. qdif. Attic cwf, Doric doc, 
JEolic avuf, the dawn, the east, = L. aurora = 
E. east: see aurora and east.'] 1. In Gr. myth., 
the goddess of the dawn, who brings up the 
rosy light of day from the east : same as the 
Roman Aurora. She was represented in art 
and poetry as a young and beautiful winged 
maiden. 
Eos either appears herself In a quadriga, in magnificent 
form, or as the guide of the horses of the sun. 
C. 0. Mutter, Manual of Archajol. (trans.), 400. 
2. [NL.] A genus of lories, by some ranked 
only as a section of Domicella, containing sev- 
eral species, as E. histrio, E. rubra, E. cardi- 
nalis, etc. Wagler, 1832. 
eosin (e'o-sin), n. [< Gr. ?/u;, dawn, + -in 2 .] 
Tetrabromfluoresce'in (C 2 <)H 8 Br,iO 5 ), a valua- 
ble dye derived from coal-tar products, forming 
red or yellowish-red crystals. It forms a potassium 
salt, the eosin of commerce, which is a brown powder, 
soluble in water, and dyes silk and woolen goods rose-red. 
Also eosinic acid. 
If a transpiring branch be placed in a solution of eosin, 
the colour, as is well known, gradually spreads over the 
whole specimen, so that the leaves become discoloured 
and the wood of the smallest twigs shows a bright pink 
colour. Pros, of Cambridge Phil. Soc. , V. v. 358. 
eosinate (e'o-sin-at), n. [< eosin + -ate 1 .'] A 
compound of eosin with a base, as potash or 
soda. 
eosinic (e-o-sin'ik), a. [< eosin + -ic.] Re- 
lated to eosin Eosinic acid. Same as eosin. 
eosinophil (e-o-sin'o-fil), a. Having affinity 
for eosin : in bacteriology applied to the bodies 
which are readily stained by eosin or other acid 
aniline dyes. 
eosphorite (e-os'fo-rlt), n. [So called in allu- 
sion to its pink color; < Gr. iumjiopos, bringing 
the dawn (used as a name of the morning star ; 
cf. Lucifer and phospliorus) (< <Jf, ^<if, dawn, + 
-ty6poc,, \ ipuv = E. bearl), + -ite 2 .] A hydrous 
phosphate of aluminium and manganese, with 
a small amount of iron. It occurs in prismatic crys- 
tals and cleavable masses, usually of a delicate rose-pink 
color. It is closely related to childrenite, which, however, 
contains chiefly iron with but little manganese. 
Eotkermm (e-o-the'ri-um), n. [NL., < Gr. 
il&e, dawn, + 6'r/piov, a wild beast.] A genus 
of fossil sirenians, founded upon the east of 
a brain from nummulitic limestone of Eocene 
age, in Egypt, near Cairo. E. cegyptiaemn is 
notable as the oldest known form of the Sire- 
nia. 
-eous. [See -ous, -aceous, and the words mention- 
ed below.] A termination consisting of -ous 
with a preceding original or inserted vowel. 
Compare -ious. It occurs in cretaceous, sebaceous, etc. 
(See -aceous.) In some words it is a false spelling of -ious, 
as in calcareous (Latin calcarius), beauteous, duteous (prop- 
erly *beautious, *dutious) ; in hideous it is a substitute for 
ous, and in gorgeous an accommodation of a different 
termination. In righteous, and the occasional wrongeous, 
wrongous, it is a perversion of tiie original -wis. See the 
words mentioned. 
eozoic (e-o-zo'ik), a. [< Gr. i)&t, dawn, + 
(u/l, life.] Of or pertaining to the oldest fos- 
siliferous rocks, such as the Laurentian and 
Huronian of Canada, from the supposition that 
they contain the first or earliest traces of ani- 
mal life ; paleozoic. 
Eozoon. (e-o-zo'on), n. [NL., < Gr. tj&f, dawn, 
+ f<5ov, animal.] A name given in 1865 by 
the geologists of the Canada survey to a cer- 
tain aggregate of minerals, viewed by them 
as a fossilized organic body, belonging to the 
Foraminifera. The best-characterized specimens of 
so-called Eozoon exhibit on the polished surface to the 
naked eye alternating bands of grayish and greenish color. 
These bands, which are generally from one to four tenths 
of an inch in thickness, vary considerably as regards the 
regularity of their occurrence, and between them are fre- 
quently seen layers of a mineral made up of fine parallel 
fillers. The whitish mineral is usually calcite ; the green- 
ish, serpentine ; and the fibrous bands are the variety of 
1960 
serpentine called chrysotile. Microscopic examination 
has shown that the whole is an alteration-product of 
various minerals. The calcite has frequently running 
through it, and grouped in a great variety of ways, branch- 
ing forms, which were supposed by the advocates of the 
foraminiferal nature of the Eozoon to represent the canal- 
system of that form of organisms. This same structure 
has, however, been frequently observed in minerals form- 
ing part of rocks of undoubted igneous origin, as well as 
in those occurring as veinstones, and there can no longer 
be any doubt as to the inorganic nature of the Eozoon. 
This supposed foraminifer, having been found in rocks 
called at that time Azoic, and later Archsean, was believed 
to be the oldest recognized organic form, and to represent 
the "dawn of life"; hence the generic name. The sup- 
posed species was called E. canadense by J. W. Dawson. 
eozoonal (e-o-zo'pn-al), a. [< Eozoon + -al.] 
Pertaining to or characterized by the supposed 
fossil called Eozoon : as, eozoonal structure. 
The calcium and magnesium carbonates were very un- 
equally distributed in the eozoonal limestones. 
Science, IV. 327. 
Eozoonina (e-o-zo-o-ni'na), n. pi. [NL., < Eo- 
zoon + -ina.~] ' A group of supposed foramini- 
fers, represented by Eozoon, whose tests form 
irregular or acervuline adherent masses. Also 
Eozodnince, as a subfamily of Nummulinidce. 
ep-. The form of epi- before a vowel. 
ep. A common abbreviation of epistle. 
epacrid (ep'a-krid), n. A member of the order 
Epaeridacete. 
Certain acacias, epacrids. Encyc. Brit., IX. 156. 
Epacridacese (ep"a-kri-da'se-e), n. pi. [< Epa- 
cris (-id-) + -acece."] A natural order of mono- 
petalous exogens, very closely allied to the Eri- 
cacecf, but distinguished by one-celled, unap- 
pendaged anthers opening by a longitudinal 
slit. There are about 25 genera and over 300 species, 
natives of Australia and the Pacific islands, with a single 
species on the western coast of Patagonia. The largest 
genus is Leucopogon, some species of which bear edible 
berries. The order contains many very ornamental spe- 
cies, sparingly represented in greenhouses. 
Epacris (ep'a-kris), n. [NL., so called in al- 
lusion to the terminal spikes of the flowers (cf. 
Gr. 7raK/MOf, on the 
heights), < Gr. iiri, 
upon, T axpov, top. 
summit : see aero-.] 
The typical genus 
of the order Epacri- 
dacece, of 25 shrub- 
by, heath-like spe- 
cies, mostly Aus- 
tralian. From the 
abundance and beauty 
of their flowers, which 
are generally in leafy 
spikes, several species 
have been favorites in 
cultivation. 
epact (e'pakt), n. 
[< OF. epacte, F. 
tpacte = Sp. Pg. 
It. epacta, < LL. 
epacta, always in 
pi. epactfB, < Gr. 
evaKTi], the epact, 
pi. manrai (so. fi/ii- 
pai), intercalary days, fern, of emjKrof, brought 
in, intercalated, adscititious, < kirayuv, bring in 
or to, add, intercalate, < sir/, to, + aytiv = L. 
agere, bring, lead: see act, etc.] 1. The ex- 
cess of a solar over a lunar year or month. 
Hence, usually 2. A number attached to a 
year by a rule of the calendar to show the age, 
in days completed and commenced, of the cal- 
endar moon at the beginning of the year that 
is, on January 1st in the Gregorian, Victorian, 
and early Latin calendars, or March 22d in the 
Dionysian calendar, or old style. A rule for the 
epact has been attached to every calendar of the Western 
churches, except the German Evangelical calendar of A. D. 
1700-1779. The epact usually increases by 11 from one 
year to the next, 30 being subtracted from the sum when 
the latter exceeds 30 (a circumstance which indicates 13 
new moons in the year) ; but in some years the increase 
is 12 instead of 11, and this is called a leap of the moon. 
In the Gregorian calendar the increase is sometimes only 
10. In the earliest calendars the leaps of the moon took 
place every 12 years, and later every 14 ; but since the 
adoption of the Victorian calendar in the fifth century, 
they have taken place every 19 years. To find the epact 
in old style, divide the number of the year by 19, take 11 
times the remainder after division, divide the product by 
30, and the remainder after this division is the epact. 
When there is no remainder, some chronologers make the 
epact 29, but 30 is preferable. This epact shows the age 
of the calendar moon on March 22d, by means of which 
the age on every other day can be calculated, by allowing 
alternately 29 and 30 days to a lunation. This would also 
agree with the age of the mean moon were the calendar 
perfect. The intercalary day of leap-year necessarily re- 
moves the calendar moon one day from the mean moon 
in certain years ; and the error of the 19-year period ac- 
cumulates to one day every 310 years, so that to approxi- 
mate more closely to the age of the moon the epact should 
Flowcri Bran 
sa, with flower on larger scale. 
epanastrophe 
be increased by 2 for every 300 years from the middle of 
the fifth century. It should also be increased by 1 for 
leap-years and years following leap-year. The Grego- 
rian epact exceeds the Dionysian by 1 in the sixteenth 
and seventeenth centuries, agrees with it in the eigh- 
teenth and nineteenth centuries (but instead of 30 an 
asterisk, *, is written), and falls short of it by 1 in the 
twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This irregularity 
is because the Gregorian epact receives a solar correction, 
being a deduction of 1, at the advent of every century- 
year not a leap-year, and a lunar correction, being an ad- 
dition of 1, every 300 years beginning with A. I). 1800 until 
seven such corrections have been applied, when 400 years 
elapse before a new series of seven corrections commences. 
This is called the cycle or period of epacts. The Grego- 
rian epact shows the age of the calendar moon on Janu- 
ary 1st. This will rarely differ by more than one day from 
the real moon. Annual epact, the excess of the Julian 
solar over the lunar year of 12 lunations, being 10.9 days. 
Astronomical epact, the epact in sense 1. Enibolis- 
mic epact, an epact exceeding 18, so that that of the fol- 
lowing year will be less or '. Epact of a day, the age 
of the calendar moon on that day. Gregorian epact, 
the epact of the Gregorian calendar. Julian epact, a 
number showing the age of the Gregorian calendar moon 
on January 1st in the old style. Menstrual epact, the 
excess of a civil calendar month over a synodical month, 
or the amount by which the moon is older at the end than 
at the beginning of the calendar month. 
epactal (e-pak'tal), a. [< Gr. en-a/mfc, brought 
in, intercalated "(see epact), + -al.~] In anat. 
and anthropol., intercalated or supernumerary, 
as a bone of the skull; Wormian. All the ordi- 
nary Wormian bones, the epipteric bone, etc., 
are epactal. 
epagoge (ep-a-go'je), . [< LL. epagoge, < Gr. 
e-rrayuyji, induction, < iir&yeiv, lead to, bring on, 
add: see epact."] 1. Induction ; more loosely, in 
rhet., proof by example; argumentation from 
a similar case or cases, or by contrast with dis- 
similar cases: rhetorical induction. Extended or 
strict induction is not feasible in oratory, as it would weary 
instead of convincing. See example and paradigm. 
2. [cap.'] [NL.] In entom., a genus of lepidop- 
terous insects. Hilbner. 
epagogic (ep-a-goj'ik), a. [< epagoge + -ic.] 
Pertaining to induction. 
epagomenal (ep-a-gom'e-nal), a. [< Gr. tirayit- 
fievof (t Tray6jjvai rjfjiipai, intercalated days), ppr. 
pass, of ewayeiv, bring on, add, intercalate : see 
epact.~\ Remaining over as a part of one period 
after the completion of another Epagomenal 
days, in the Alexandrian and other calendars, 5 or 6 days 
remaining over after the completion of 12 months of 30 
days each, to complete the year, and not included in any 
month. 
epaleaceous (e-pal-e-a'shius), a. [< NL. epa- 
leaceus, < L. e- priv.' + palea, chaff, + -aceous, 
q. v.] In lot., without chaff or chaffy scales. 
epalpate (e-pal'pat), a. [< L. e- priv. + NL. 
palpus, a feeler: see palp.] In entom., having 
no palps or feelers. 
epanadiplosis (ep"a-na-di-pl6'sis), n. [LL., < 
Gr. eiravadtTr^uaic, a doubling, repetition, < ewa- 
vaSmTMvv, double, < ETTI, upon, + avafm'kovv, dou- 
ble: see anadiplosis.'] In rhet., a figure by which 
a sentence begins and ends with the same word : 
as, "Rejoice in the Lord alway : and again I say, 
Rejoice," Phil. iv. 4. 
epanalepsis (ep"a-na-lep'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ETravdA^ff, a repetition, regaining, < tTrawzAa//- 
[idvetv, take up again, repeat, < eiri, upon, + ava- 
Aa/tBdveiv, take up : see analepsis.~\ In rhet., rep- 
etition or resumption; especially, a figure by 
which the same word or phrase is repeated 
after one or more intervening words, or on re- 
turning to the same subject after a digression. 
An example of epanalepsis is found in 1 Cor. xi. : "(v. 18) 
When ye come together in the church, I hear that there 
be divisions among you. . . . (v. 20) When ye come toge- 
ther therefore into one place, this is not to eat the Lord's 
supper." 
epanaphora (ep-a-naf 'o-rii), n. [L., < Gr. 
eiravtvpopd, a reference, repetition, < faavaQepeiv, 
bring back again, refer, < f iri + iwatykpuv, bring 
back: see anaphora.] Inr/iet, a figure by which 
the same word or group of words is repeated 
at the beginning of two or more clauses, sen- 
tences, or verses in immediate succession or in 
the same passage. This figure is very frequent in the 
Book of Psalms ; as, for example, in the twenty-ninth 
Psalm, the phrase " Give unto the Lord " is used three 
times in the first two verses, and the phrase "The voice 
of the Lord " occurs seven times in verses 3-9. Similarly, 
the words " by faith " or ' * through faith " (both renderings 
representing the one Greek word, n-i'<rrei) begin eighteen 
out of twenty-nine verses in Heb. xi. The name epanaph- 
ora is retained when synonyms or words of similar mean- 
ing are substituted for the word or words to be repeated : 
as, "Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and Inml him. all 
ye people," Rom. xv. 11. The converse of epanaphora 
is epiphora. Also called anaphora, and sometimes epib- 
ole. 
epanastrop.be (ep-a-nas'tro-fe), n. [NL., < Gr. 
t-navatnpo^fi, a return, repetition of a word at 
the opening of a sentence, < CTravaarpe^etv, re- 
turn, < lirl + avaoTpfyetv, turn back: see anas- 
trophc.] In rlict., a figure by which a word or 
