epiclidal 
epiclidal (ep-i-kli'dal), o. [< epiclidium + -al.] 
Pertaining to the epiclidium: as, an epiclidal 
center of ossification. Also epiclidian. 
epiclidia, . Plural of epiclidium. 
epiclidian (ep-i-kli'di-an), a. [< epiclidium + 
-o.] Same as epiclidal. 
epiclidium (ep-i-kU'di-um), n. ; pi. epiclidia (-a). 
[NL., also epicleidium, < Gr. tjn, on, + tOiublw, 
clavicle, dim. of KAeif (icfaifi-), key.] Inornith., 
an expansion or separate ossification of the su- 
perior or distal end of the clavicle, at the end 
of the bone opposite the hypoclidium. See cut 
under epipleura. 
Such expansion is called the epicleidium; in passerine 
birds it is said to ossify separately, and it is considered l>y 
Parker to represent the precoracoid of reptiles. 
Corns, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 147. 
epiclinal (ep-i-kli'nal), a. [< Gr. fin', upon, + 
iMvrj, a bed: see clinic.] In oot., placed upon 
the torus or receptacle of a flower. 
Epicoela (ep-i-se'la), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of 
epiccelus: see epicoslous, ej>ic<ele.~\ In Huxley's 
classification of 1874, a series of deuterostoma- 
tous metazoans which have an epiecele, as dis- 
tinguished from a schizoccele or an enterocoele, 
as the ascidians and vertebrates. 
epicoelar (ep-i-se'lar), a. Same as epicoslian. 
epiccele (ep i-sel), i. [tepioceUa.] 1. In ana*., 
same as epiccelia. 2. In zool., a perivisceral 
cavity formed by an invagination of the ecto- 
derm, as the atrium of an ascidian. It is also 
that kind of body-cavity which the vertebrates 
are considered to possess. 
epicoslia (ep-i-se'li-a), n.; pi. epiccelia! (-e). 
[NL., <! Gr. em, upon, in addition, + KoMa, 
belly (with ref. to 'ventricle'), < KotAof, hollow. 
Cf. epiccelous.] The cavity of the epencephalon 
(which see) ; the ventricle of the cerebellum or 
so-called fourth ventricle of the brain, roofed 
over by the cerebellum and valve of Vieussens. 
Wilder and Gage, Anat. Tech., p. 478. 
epicceliac (ep-i-se'li-ak), a. [(epiccelia + -ac.] 
Same as epicoslian. 
epicceliae, n. Plural of epiccelia. 
epiccelian (ep-i-se'li-an), a. [< epiccelia + -an.] 
Of or pertaining to th'e epicoalia. Also epicoelar, 
epicceliac. 
epicoelpus (ep-i-se'lus), a. [< NL. epiccelus, 
' Gr. ', upon, in addition, + jcoZtaf, hollow. > 
KoMa, belly. Cf. epiccelia.'] 1. Having the 
character of an epicoele ; forming an epicosle : 
as, an epicoslous cavity. 2. Having an epicoele ; 
of or pertaining to the Epiccela : as, an epicoslous 
animal. 
The Vertebrata are not schizoccelous, but epicoslous. 
izocojlous, but epicaelous. 
Huxley, Encyc. Brit., II. 64. 
epicolic (ep-i-kol'ik), a. [< Gr. cm, upon, + 
K<iAoi>, the colon: see colic, colon" 2 .] In anat., 
relating to that part of the abdomen which is 
over the colon. 
epicolumella (ep-i-kol-u-mel'a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
em, upon, in addition, + NL. columella, q. v.] 
A proximal element of the columella auris of 
some reptiles, as Clepsydrops, considered not as 
a suprastapedial element, but as almost cer- 
tainly homologous with the incus. 
It appears to be unrepresented in the reptilian colu- 
mella, and I have therefore called it the epicolumella. 
Cope, Memoirs of Mat. Acad. Sot (1885), III. 94. 
epicolumellar (ep-i-kol-u-mel'ar), a. [< epi- 
columella + -ar%.] Pertaining to the epicolu- 
mella : as, an epicolumellar ossification. 
epicondylar (ep-i-kon'di-lar), a. [< epicondyle 
+ -or 2 .] Of or per- 
taining to the epi- 
condyle ; supracon- 
dylar. 
epicondyle (ep-i- 
koii'dil), n. [<NL. 
epicondylus, < Gr. 
em, upon, + /cov<5t>Aof , 
a knuckle: see con- 
dyle.] In anat., a 
name given by 
Chaussier to the ex- 
ternal condyle or 
Anterior Vie,, Distal End. of Right OUt r Protuberance 
Humerus of a Man. on the lower extrem- 
H, humerus ; efc, epicondyle. or ity of the humeruS Or 
j arm-bone, which aids 
informingthe elbow- 
face for head i of radius ; f>, trochfea. JOint. The epicondyle 
was originally distin- 
guished from the epi- 
trochlea on the inner (ul- 
nar) side of the bone; 
but the term was afterward extended to both the inner 
and outer supracondylar protuberances. See phrases fol- 
lowing. 
1966 
The epicondyle has been called "outer" or "external 
condyle," and more recently by Markoe (1880) and others 
"external epicondyle." 
Wilder and Gage, Anat. Tech., p. 180. 
External epicondyle, the external or radial supracon- 
dylar eminence of the humerus. Internal epicondyle, 
the internal or ulnar supracondylar eminence of the hu- 
merus. Also called epitrochlea. 
epicondylus (ep-i-kon'di-lus), n. ; pi. epicondyli 
(-11). [NL.] Same as epicondyle. 
epicoracohumeral (ep-i-kpr'a-ko-hu'me-ral), 
a. [< NL. epicoracoJmmeralis, ( epicoraco( idj + 
humerus.'] Pertaining to the epicoracoid bone 
and to the humerus : applied to muscles having 
such attachments, as in sundry reptiles. 
epicoracohumeralis (ep-i-kor"a-ko-hu-me-ra'- 
us), .; pi. epicoracohumerales (-lez). [NL.] 
An epicoracohumeral muscle, as of sundry rep- 
tiles. 
epicoracoid (ep-i-kor'a-koid), n. and a. [< Gr. 
f7T(, upon, + coracoidj'q. v.] I. n. A bone or 
cartilage of the scapular arch of some animals, 
as batrachians, bounding the fontanel inter- 
nally. See coracoid, n., extract under precora- 
coid, a., and cuts under pectoral and omoster- 
Hum. 
II. a. Pertaining to the epicoracoid. 
epicoracoidal (ep-i-kor'a-koi-dal), a. [< epi- 
coracoid + -al.~\ Same as epicoracoid. 
[In CrocodUia] the pectoral arch has no clavicle, and the 
coracoid has no distinct epicoracoidal element. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 220. 
epicorolline (ep"i-ko-rol'in), a. [< Gr. ivi, 
upon, + E. corolla + -me 1 .] In oot., inserted 
upon the corolla. 
epicotyl (ep-i-kot'il), n. [Abbr. of "epicotyle- 
don, ' Gr. eiri, on, + KOTI^SOV, a cup-shaped 
hollow (cotyledon).] In l>ot., the part of a 
growing embryo above the cotyledons. 
epicotyledonary (ep-i-kot-i-le'do-na-ri), a. [< 
* epicotyledon (see epicotyl) + -art/.] In bot., 
situated above the cotyledons; pertaining to 
the epicotyl. 
epicrania, . Plural of epicranium. 
epicranial (ep-i-kra'ni-al), a. [< epicranium + 
-al.] 1. In entom., pertaining to or situated on 
the epicranium, or upper surface of an insect's 
head. 2 . In anat. , situated upon the cranium or 
skull : specifically applied to the tendinous part 
of the occipitofrontalis muscle Epicranial su- 
ture, in entom., a longitudinal impressed fine on the top 
of the head, dividing before into two branches, which pass 
toward the bases of the antennae. It is generally visible 
only in immature insects, and indicates that the upper 
part of the epicranium is primitively divided into two 
lateral parts. See cut under Insecta. 
epicranium (ep-i-kra'ni-um), n.; pi. epicrania 
(-a). [NL., < Gr. evi, upon, + upaviav, the cra- 
nium.] 1. In entom., the upper surface of an 
insect's head, between the compound eyes, and 
extending from the occiput to the border of the 
mouth. It is generally divided into three regions : the 
upper, called the vertex; the middle, called the front; 
and the lower, called the clypeus or epistoma ; but these 
terms vary much with the different orders. Many writers 
exclude the clypeus. See cut under Insecta, 
The epicranium, or that piece (sclerite) bearing the eyes, 
ocelli and antennae, and in front the clypeus and labrum. 
A. S. Packard, Amer. Nat., XVII. 1138. 
2. In anat., that which is upon the cranium or 
skull ; the scalp ; the galea capitis : especially 
applied to the muscular and tendinous parts 
underlying the skin, as the occipitofrontalis. 
Epicrates (e-pik'ra-tez), . [NL., < Gr. tin- 
Kparqc, having mastery, < mi, upon, + K/XZTOC, 
might.] A genus of South American boas, or 
, , . 
external supracondyloid protuber- 
ance; ept, epitrochlea. or inter 
or transversely concave articular sur- 
face for the ulna ; etc and c/are to- 
gether the ectocondyle, and ept and 
tr are together the entocondyle. 
Ringed Boa {Epicrates cenchris*}. 
non-venomous constricting serpents of huge 
size, of the family Boidce, having the tail pre- 
hensile, the scales smooth, labial fossa? present, 
Epicurean 
and plates of the head extending over the muz- 
zle and front. E. cenchris is the ringed boa, or aboma, 
of a dark-yellowish gray, with a dorsal row of large brown 
rings, and lateral blotches of dark color with lighter cen- 
ters. 
epicrisis (e-pik'ri-sis), .; pi. euicrises (-sez). 
[< Gr. cKiKptaif, determination, < imnpivtiv, de- 
termine, < ETT/, upon, + Kpiveiv, separate, decide, 
judge : see crisis, critic.] 1 . Methodical or criti- 
cal judgment of a passage or work, with discus- 
sion of a question or questions arising from its 
consideration. 2. An annotation or a treatise 
embodying such discussion or judgment; a crit- 
ical note, criticism, or review. In Hebrew Bibles 
the epicrisis to a book is a brief series of observations ap- 
pended to it by the Massoretes, stating the number of let- 
ters, verses, and chapters, and sometimes also of sections 
and paragraphs, and quoting the middle sentence of the 
whole book. 
That the Massoretes themselves recognized no real sep- 
aration [between the books of Ezra and Nehemiah] is 
shown by their epicri&ix on Nehemiah. 
Encyc. Brit., VIII. 832. 
Epictetian (ep-ik-te'shan), a. [< Epictetus + 
-Jan.] Pertaining to Epictetus, a Stoic philos- 
opher of the first and second centuries, who, 
after being a slave and a philosopher at Rome, 
established a school at Nicopolis in Epirus. His 
doctrines were recorded by his pupil Arrian. Epictetus 
taught that we should not allow ourselves to be dependent 
upon good things not within our own power, and that we 
should worship our consciences. 
epicure (ep'i-kur), n. [< Epicure, < F. Epicure, 
' L. Epicurus, < Gr. 'Eirinovpoc, a philosopher of 
this name (see Epicurean, n.), lit. an assistant, 
ally, < mi, upon, to, + n6poc, Kovpo$, a (free-born) 
youth (acting as assistant in sacrifices, etc.).] 
1. [cap. or 1. c.] A follower of Epicurus; an 
Epicurean : seldom, if ever, used without odium. 
Here [Isa. xiv. 14] he describeth the furye of the Epi- 
cures (which is the highest and depest mischeif of all im- 
piete) ; even to contempne the very God. 
Joye, Expos, of Dan., xii. 
Lucretius the poet . . . would have been seven times 
more epicure and atheist than he was. 
Bacon, Unity in Religion (ed. 1887). 
2. Popularly (owing to a misrepresentation of 
the ethical part of the doctrines of Epicurus), 
one given up to sensual enjoyment, and espe- 
cially to the pleasures of eating and drinking ; 
a gormand; a person of luxurious tastes and 
habits. 
Cons. Will this description satisfy him ? 
Ant. With the health that Pompey gives him ; else he 
is a very epicure. Shak., A. and C., ii. 7. 
Live while you live, the epicure would say, 
And seize the pleasures of the present day. 
Doddridffe, Epigram on his Family Arms. 
= Syn. 2. Epicure, Gourmet, and Gormand agree in repre- 
senting one who cares a great deal for the pleasures of the 
table. The epicure selects with a fastidious taste, but is 
luxurious hi the supply of that which he likes. The gour- 
met is a connoisseur in food and drink, and a dainty feeder. 
The gormand differs from a glutton only in having a more 
discriminating taste. 
epicuret (ep'i-kur), v.i. [< epicure, n.] To live 
like an epicure ; epicurize. 
They did Epicure it in daily exceedings, as indeed 
where should men fare well, if not in a King's Hall? 
Fuller, Hist. Cambridge, II. 48. 
epicurealt (ep-i-ku're-al), a. [< epicure + -al.] 
Epicurean. 
But these are epicureal tenets, tending to looseness of 
life, luxury, and atheism. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 387. 
Epicurean (ep"i-ku-re'an), a. and n. [= F. Epi- 
curien (of. Sp. Epicureo = Pg. It. Epicureo), < 
L. Epicureus, < Gr. 'EmKoiipetoc, < "En-kotipof, Epi- 
curus: see epicure] I. a. 1. Of. pertaining 
to, or founded by Epicurus, the Greek philoso- 
pher; relating to the doctrines of Epicurus. 
The sect 
Epicurean, and the Stoick severe. 
Milton, P. R.,iv. 280. 
2. [cap. or I. c.] Devoted to the pursuit of 
pleasure as the chief good. 
Only such cups as left us friendly-warm, 
Affirming each his own philosophy 
Nothing to mar the sober majesties 
Of settled, sweet, Epicurean life. 
Tennyson, Lucretius. 
3. [1. c.] Given to luxury or indulgence in sen- 
sual pleasures ; of luxurious tastes or habits, 
especially in eating and drinking ; fond of good 
living. 4. [1. c.] Contributing to the plea- 
sures of the table ; fit for an epicure. 
Ej>icui-ffin cooks 
Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite. 
Shak., A. and C., ii. 1. 
II. n. 1. A follower of Epicurus, the great 
sensualistic philosopher of antiquity (341-270 
B. c. ), who founded a school at Athens about 
307 B. C. He held, like Bentham, that pleasure is the 
