epigeous 
yta, >;/, dial. }"<, tin 1 ctirtli, tln> ground: see 
l\/>ig<ra.] 1. Growing on or mil of the i-nrtli : 
as, epigeoitu plants. 2. Borno above ground in 
germination, as the cotyledons of beans, etc. 
Also 
epigeum (ep-i-Ji nm), . [NL., neut. of *epi- 
!lfii.i, < Gr. i.T/'jc.'of, on the earth: see cpigeous.] 
Same iis /i/'i-ii/ce. 
epiglot (op'i-glot), n. Same as cjriglottis. 
epiglottic (ep-i-glot'ik), a. [< fipiglntt-its + -ic.] 
Situated upon the glottis; specifically, pertain- 
ing to the epiglottis. -Epiglottic gland, n quantity 
of are. tlar ;m>l adipose tissue situuted in u span I,, i \\ , < n 
the pointed base ot tin 1 epiglottis anil the hyo-epinlottid- 
ean anil tliyro-hyoi.ieaii ligament .. It ia not a gland. 
epiglottidean (ep"i-glo-tid'e-an), a. Same as 
ejngtotHo. 
epiglottidei, . Plural of epiglottideus. 
epiglottides, . Plural of epiglottis. 
epiglottideus (op'i-glo-tid'e-us), n.; pLepigtot- 
inli'i (-1). [NL., < epiglottu (-id-) + -eiis.] A 
muscle of the epiglottis. Three epiglottidei are 
described in man, naiiif.l tlnii'tt-rpiglottideu*, and aryteno- 
rpiuliittulrii.i HyTi'ur and inferior. The latter, also called 
Hilton'* muscle and compressor nacculi larynrfif, is In im- 
portant relation with the saccnlus of the larynx, 
epiglottis (ep-i-glot'is), n. ; pi. epiglottides (-i- 
dezj. [< NL. epiglottis, < Attic Gr. imyfamif, 
common Gr. eniyAuoaif, epiglottis, < cm, upon, 
+ yfairriq, yfoaoif, glottis: see glottis.'] 1. A 
valve-like organ which helps to prevent the 
entrance of food and drink into the larynx dur- 
ing deglutition. In man the epiglottis is of oblong 
figure, broad and round above, attached by its narrow 
base to the anterior angle of the upper border of the thy- 
roid cartilage or Adam's-apple, and also to the hyoid or 
tongue-bone, and I lie tongue Itself; Its ligaments for these 
attachments are the thyro-epiglottlc, hyo-epiglottic, and 
glosso-epiglottic, the latter three in number, forming folds 
of mucous membrane. The muscles of the epiglottis 
are three, the thyro-epiglottideus and the superior and 
Inferior aryteno-eplglottidens. Its substance is elastic 
yellow flbrocartilage, covered with mucous membrane 
continuous with that of the fauces and air-passages. In 
its ordinary state, as during respiration, the epiglottis 
stands upon end, uncovering the opening of the larynx; 
during the act of deglutition it is brought backward so 
as to protect this orifice. Any similar structure in the 
lower animals receives the same name. See cuts under 
<i/!nt -iif irji and mouth. 
2. In Polyzoa. same as epistoma. 3. Inentom., 
same as epiphariinx. Cushion or tubercle of the 
epiglottis, a rounded elevation, covered with mucous 
membrane of A bright-pink color, In the middle line be- 
low the base of the epiglottis and aliove the rinia glottidis. 
Quai'n; Ilolilen. Depressor eplglottidls, the depressor 
of the epiglottis, a part of the thyro-epiglottidean muscle 
continued on to the margin of the epiglottis. Frenum 
eplglottidls (bridle of the epiglottis), one of the three 
foils of mucous membrane, or glosso-cpiglottic ligaments, 
which pass between the epiglottis and the tongue. 
epiglqttohyoidean (ep-i-glot*6-hi-oi'de-an), a. 
[< epiglottis + lii/oid + -e-an.] Pertaining to the 
epiglottis and to the hyoid bone ; hyo-epiglottic. 
epignathi, . Plural of epignathus. 
epignathism (e-pig'iia-thizm), n. [< epigna- 
llnnn + -ism.] The state or condition of being 
epignathous; the epignathous structure of the 
bill of a bird. 
Kxhiliited in the Intermaxillary bone, divested of the 
sheath which otten forms a little overhanging point, but 
does not constitute epiynathixiii. 
Couea, Key to Jf. A. Birds, p. 101. 
epignathous (o-pig'na-thus), a. [< Gr. CT/, up- 
on, + > 'mOo$, law.] In or- 
ii i tli., hook-billed; having 
the end of the upper man- 
dililo decurved over and 
beyond that of the lower 
one, as a bird of prey, 
parrot, petrel, or gull. 
With reference to the rela- Epignathous Bill of Gull. 
foil of the tips of the mandi- 
bles to each other : (1) the upper mandible overreaches 
the under, and is delleeted ovi-r it ; (2) the under man- 
dible extends heyoml the upper; (:i) the two meet at a 
point ; (4) the points of the mandibles cross each other. 
I propose to call these conditions epirrnathous, hypogna- 
thous, paroguathous, and metagnathous respectively. 
Cuues, Proc. I'hila. Acad. Nat. Scl., I860, p. 213. 
epignathus (o- 
(-thl). [NL.,< . ... 
In teratol., an amorphous acardiac monster con- 
nected with the jaw of the twin fetus. 
epigpnal (e-pig'o-nal), a. [< Gr. fir/, upon, + 
joi'i/, the seed, + -al.] Borne upon or beside the 
germ-gland : applied to a special thickened part 
of the tissue of the genital ridge in the embryos 
of some fishes, as that part which is not modi- 
1 into a germ-gland or an ovary. 
ig 'na- thus), n.; pi. epignathi 
r. evi, upon, + yi'dSof, jaw.] 
1960 
one of the episcopal vestments, consisting of 
a piece of brocade or some other stiff mate- 
rial shaped like a rhomb or lozenge, and worn 
on the right side at or below the knee, hang- 
ing by one of its angles from the zone or gir- 
dle. The oth.-r three angles have tassels attached to 
them, and it Is embroidered with a cross or other orna- 
mentation. As late as the eighth century, and in some 
plac.-s as late aa thu eleventh, u handkerchief or napkin 
(the rHcheirittH, which see) was worn in a similar manner, 
as it still is in the Armenian Church, and tin- < [>i 
is probably a more modern form of this. Accordingly, 
some writers connect this vestment with the towel (A<>- 
TU,I<) with which Christ girded himself before washing the 
disciples' feet John xili. 5. 
Attached to the . . . (zone), on the right side, the lilshop 
wears an ornament . . . termed the epigonat ion ; It is ... 
made of brocade, or some other stiff material, a tassel 
being attached to the lower corners. This was at first, 
like the Latin maniple, a mere handkerchief. 
J. M. Scale, Eastern Church, t 311. 
epigone 1 (ep'i-gon), n. [< Gr. ciriyowf, born 
after, one born after, in pi. offspring, succes- 
sors, posterity, < eiri, upon, + -yovoc., < %/ *y<.v, 
bear, produce: see -gen, -gene."] One born af- 
ter; a successor or heir. 
These writers (Malthns, Rlcardo, Senior, James Mill. 
and John Stuart Mill] contributed various parts of that 
economic system which the epigones in political economy 
contemplate with awe and admiration as something not 
to be questioned. 
R. T. Ely, Past and Present of Pol. Econ., p. 9. 
epigone 2 (ep'i-gon), n. [< NL. epigonium.'] 
S;i tin 1 as epigonium. 
epigonia, n. Plural (a) of epigonion, and (&) of 
c/ngonium. 
epigonion (ep'i-go-m'on), n.; pi. epigonia (-a). 
[< Gr. eTTiyovftov (see def.), < 'Eiriyovos, a person 
so named, lit. after-born: see epigone 1 .] An 
ancient lyre with forty strings, named from its 
Greek inventor, Epigones. The date of the in- 
vention is uncertain. 
epigonium (ep-i-go'ni-um),n.; pi. epigonia (-'&). 
[NL.,< Gr. kiri, upon, + yovf/, the seed.] In tie- 
paticfB, the old archegonium, which after fer- 
tilization forms a membranous bag inclosing 
the young capsule : same as calyptra. It is rup- 
tured as the capsule elongates. Also epigone. 
[Not in use.] 
epigram (ep'i-gram), . [Formerly epigram me; 
<. F. dpigramme = Sp. ej>igrama = Pg. It. epi- 
</ramma= Gr. epigramm = Dan. Sw. epigram, < 
L. epigramma, < Gr. Mypa/ma(T~), an inscrip- 
tion, an epigram, an epitaph, < emy/>6<t>etv, in- 
scribe: see epigraph."] 1. In Gr. lit., a poeti- 
cal inscription placed upon a tomb or public 
monument, as upon the face of a temple or 
public arch. The tvrm was afterward extended to any 
little piece of verae expressing with precision a delicate 
or ingenious thought, as the pieces in the Greek Anthology. 
In Itoman classical poetry the term was somewhat indis- 
criminately used to designate a short piece in verse ; but 
the works of Catullus, and especially the epigrams of Mar- 
tial, contain a great number with the modern epigram- 
matic character. 
This Kpi<rramme Is but an inscription or writting made 
as it were vpon a table, or in a windowe, or vpon the wall 
or mantell of a chimney in some place of common resort. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 43. 
Probably the first application of the newly adapted art 
(engraving words on stone or metal) was in dedicatory in- 
scriptions or epigram*, to use this word in iU original 
sense. C. T. Neivton, Art and Archocol., p. 100. 
Hence 2. In a restricted sense, a short poem 
or piece in verse, which has only one subject, 
and finishes by a witty or ingenious turn of 
thought; hence, in a general sense, an inter- 
esting thought represented happily in a few 
words, whether verse or prose ; a pointed or 
antithetical saying. 
The qualities rare In a bee that we meet 
In an epitjram never should fail ; 
The body should always lie little and sweet, 
And a sting should be left in its tail. 
Trans, from Latin (author unknown). 
From the time of Martial. Indeed, the epigram came to 
he characterized generally by that peculiar point or sting 
which is now looked for in a French or English epigram ; 
ami the want of this in the old Greek compositions doubt- 
less led some minds to think them tame and tasteless. 
The true or the best form of the early Greek epigram does 
not aim at wit or seek to produce surprise. Lord Xe 
epigraphic 
< LGr. iirtypaft/taTiKof, < Gr. eiriypa/ifta(T-), epi- 
gram: see epigram.] 1. Dealing in epigrams ; 
speaking or writing in epigram : as, an tpigmiH- 
nintir, poet. 2. Suitable to epigrams; belong- 
ing to epigrams; having the quality of an epi- 
gram; antithetical; pointed: as, epigramiiuiiif 
style or wit. 
Those remarkable poems have I teen undervalued by rrit- 
ics who have not understood their nature. 'I bey have no 
1'ltiiintintnatic point. .'/. .< 
epigrammatical (ep'i-gra-mat'i-kal), a. [<>i'i- 
yratumatic + -at.] Same as epigrammatic. 
Our good fpiyraniHtaticiil jMtet, old Godfrey of Winches- 
ter, thinketh no ominous forespeaking to lie in names. 
ctnm/en. 
Had this old song ("Chevy Chase "I been filled wlthrpt- 
iii-'tiinii,ttn-iit turns and points of wit, It might perhaps 
have pleased the wrong taste of some readers. 
Spectator, No. 74. 
epigrammatically (ep'i-gra-mat'i-kal-i), adv. 
In an epigrammatic manner or style ; tersely 
and pointedly. 
It has been put fpifframmatically, that formerly nobody 
in Oxford was married except the heads, but that now the 
heads are the only people who remain unmarried. 
Contemporary Ileo., LI. 611. 
epigrammatism (ep-i-gram'a-tizm), n. [< epi- 
gramnuit-ic + -ism."] The use of epigrams; 
epigrammatical character. 
The latter [derivation] would l>e greedily seized hy nine 
philologists out of ten, for no better cause than iu epi- 
grammatism. !'<>. Marginalia, Ixvii. 
epigrammatist (ep-i-gram'a-tist), n. [= F. 
epigrammatiste = bp. ejiigramatista = Pg. It. 
epigrammatista, < LL. epigrammatista, < LGr. 
eiriypafi/ianorrK, < Gr. iiriypa/iuaTtfcw, write an 
epigram: see cpigrammatize.] One who com- 
poses epigrams or writes epigrammatically. 
The conceit of the epiyrammalut. Fuller. 
A mong the buffoon poets of th Is age Is also to be reckoned 
John Hey woixl, styled the epiyratnmati*t, from the fix cen- 
turies of epigrams, or versified jokes, which form a remark- 
able portion of his works. Craik, Hit. Eng. Lit., I. 431. 
epigrammatize (ep-i-gram'a-tiz), v. t.; pret. 
and pp. epigrammati:ed, ppr. epigrammalizing. 
[=F.epigrammati8er,< Gr. exiypafi/iaTifciv, write 
an epigram, (.cjriypa/j/ja(r-), an epigram: seee/>i- 
gram.J To represent or express by epigrams; 
write epigrammatically. 
epigrammatizer (ep-i-gram'a-ti-zer), n. One 
who composes epigrams, or who writes epi- 
grammatically; an epigrammatist. 
He 1 Pope] was only the condenser and eptriraiiiwntizrrut 
Bolingbroke a very fitting St. John for siirh n gospel. 
Lotrell, Study Windows, p. 416. 
epigrammist, . See epigramist. 
epigramist, epigrammist (ep'i-gram-ist), . 
[= Sp. epigramixtd = It. epigramista ; as p- 
-ist.] S&me&s epigrammatist. [Bare.] 
The pifframmitt [Martial] speaks the sense of their 
drunken principles. Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, i. -'. 
epigrammatarian (ep-i-gram-a-ta'ri-an), n. 
[< L. <'i>it/r<imi>ia(t-), epigram, -f -arian'.'] An 
epigrammatist. B/>. Hall, Satires, I. ix. 29. 
epigonation (ep'i-go-na'ti-pn), .; pi. epigona- epigrammatic (ep'i-gra-mat'ik), a. [= F. 
M(-ahf). [< MGr. cTcr/ovanov (cf. Gr. e/xiyavo- I'liii/rttmmatii/uc = Sp. cpigrantdtico = Pg. It. 
O'/.'/''" """"''" (cf. D. G. epiijrtimnuitixi-h = 
Dan. Sw. epigrainmatisk), < LL. cpiyrammaticus, 
Tit, a garment michiiu: to the knee), < Gr. i 
upon, to, + ;,ira = E. knee.] In the Gr. Ch ' 
124 
epigrapJie 
ypaQtiv, write upon, inscribe, < i-i, upon, + ypa- 
<t>civ, write. Cf. epigram.] 1. An inscription cut 
or impressed on stone, metal, or other perma- 
nent material, as distinguished from a writing 
in manuscript, etc. ; specifically, in arcliaol., 
a terse inscription on a building, tomb, monu- 
ment, or statue, denoting its use or appropria- 
tion, and sometimes incorporated in its scheme 
of ornamentation. 
Dr. Mertt, a learned man and Library Keeper, shew'd 
me ... the statue and epifrraph iindrr it of that renown- 
ed physitian Dr. Harvey, discoverer of the circulation of 
the blood. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. :<, ItKtt. 
2. A superscription or title at the beginning 
of a book, a treatise, or a part of a book. 3. 
In lit., a citation from some author, or a sen- 
tence framed for the purpose, placed at the 
commencement of a work or of one of its sepa- 
rate divisions ; a motto. 
Leave here the pages with long musing curled, 
And write me new my future's epiyraih. 
Mrs. Browtiiny. 
epigraph (ep'i-graf), v. t. [< epigraph, n.] To 
inscribe an epigraph on. 
Also a paper epigraphtd: "Lo que dljo J. B. Plata a 
Don Juan de Indiaquez, 24 June, 1586." 
Motley, United Netherlands, I. 528. 
epigrapher (e-pig'ra-fer), n. Same as epigra- 
phist. 
It Is a new doctrine that the most meritorious field- 
work will make a man a linguist, an epigrapher, and an 
historian. Contemporary Rev., LI. 562. 
epigraphic (ep-i-graf Mk), a. [ F. epigm- 
phique = Pg. epigraphico = It. epigrafico, < NL. 
cpigraphicvs, < epigraphe, epigraph: see e/i- 
graph.] Of, pertaining to, or bearing an epi- 
graph or inscription ; of or pertaining to epig- 
raphy. 
The epiyrajthic adjuration " Siste, viator." 
Saturday See. 
