Epimachinae 
or tenuirostral birds, typified by tho genus Kpi- 
iiini'iiiis ; the plume-bird*, riir\ >< miiie UL- trm- 
bird* of i'aradise, <>' !'' ih.- . \rn .(itu IIIMI 
l-iani-r ail'l linlli.un V nl 1 th'lr plmnau'i'. (") I" nm>t ar- 
ralmi'lin ills til' 1 f:'i>iuiil<-liilt:t' lii'Vr lui II lefiTlfil In tin- 
liiinily "I li'Ki]""--, I'liinnil,!', "! ilosely MtodlUd with 
id, Pnmtnptoa. <:. tt. Orajr (1869) oonititutei the group 
by tin- genera I'tiUtrhi*. CntpidopAora, I'-f'"""'' 
<!', tirmioptt'l'", anil i'l,'ii^". M.hir !' \vllirh y.-IH'IU 
al'r IhlU refiTlvd III the /'T.-|ll/,. ill,''. Till' LTOIIp tllll.S 
(..li.-titiil.-,l j.h.Mll.1 I..- abi.lUhr.l. (M In I 
III' Ml* I In- Kiiiuinrhhiirw IMaili- "lie, nf t wo slllifalnili. ^ nf 
l\">nli.-i:i,r, containing the slender-liillcil forms n-piv 
M'lilnl liy four KCII<T:I. ! Drepanorni*, t'l- " 
' 
Epimachus (e-pim'a-kus), . [NL. (Cuvier, 
1817), appar. < Gr. imfut^of, that may easily bo 
attacked, assailable (also equipped for battle), 
< tiri, upon, to, + fidxeoflai, fight, < fd^t, battle.] 
A genus of magnificent Papuan birds, belonging 
to tin- I'tiniilixfiilti: and made type of a subfain- 
I 
Plume-bird ififimiicSms sptiiosvs). 
ily Epimacltina:, having a slender bill, densely 
feathered nostrils, and highly developed plu- 
mage of the wings and tail, which latter is sev- 
en 1 times longer than the body ; the plume-birds 
proper. The superb plume-bird or grand promerops of 
V u Guinea, K. speciomtn, E. maximus, or E. twperbux, 
is tin- type species; E. ellioti is another species. Also 
ealleil ( 'iniinin:<h'<ms. 
epimacus (e-pim'a-kus), n. ; pi. epimaci (-si). 
[Appar. for rpimachus, < Gr. efti/iaxos, equipped 
for battle: see Epimachus.'] In her., an imagi- 
nary beast, somewhat resembling a griffin, the 
chief difference being that all four paws are 
those of lions: the tail also is usually without 
the tuft. 
epimandibular (ep'i-man-dib'u-lar), a. and n. 
[< Gr. tiri, upon, + L. mainlibiila, jaw: see man- 
ilihli; Hiniiilibiilar.'] I. a. Borne upon the man- 
dible or lower jaw, as a bone of some of the 
lower vertebrates. 
II. n. A bone of the mandible of some of the 
lower vertebrates, identified with the hyoman- 
dibular of fishes. See hyomaiidibular. 
The proof that the hyoinandibular is equivalent to the 
rfimaudibutar. 0. Baur, Micros. Set., xxviii. 179. 
epimanika, n. Plural of epimanikon. 
epimanikioii (ep*i-ma-nik i-on), n. ; pi. epitna- 
itikiii (-a). [X MGr. em/javtKtov, also (as NGr.) 
tTriuavutov, < Gr. iiti. upon, + /tavimov, fidvina, 
NGr. /laviiu, sleeve, \ L. maaica, sleeve, \ muuiix, 
the hand: see IHHIIHK. iminual.'] In the dr. Ch., 
one of the eucharistic vestments, consisting in 
n kind of cuff or movable sleeve, usually made 
of silk, worn on each arm, and reaching about 
half way up from the wrist to the elbow, y.pima- 
nikia \\vrc originally worn by bishops only, but have nun 
for many ri-nluiii-s been worn by all priests, and since 
A. 1 1. 1600 by deacons. 
The epimanifrifi come nearest to the Latin maniple, but 
tbi'y do not resemble it in shape, and arc worn on Imtli 
hands, instead of on the left only. 
J. M. tfcale, Eastern Church, I. 307. 
epimanikon (ep-i-man'i-kon), H. ; pi. <-piinnikii 
(-kip. Saint 1 a i iiimiiiiikion. 
Epimedium(ep-i-me'di-um), n. [NL.. < L. cpi- 
medion, an unknown plant (Pliny), < Gr. eiri- 
[ii/itov (Dioscorides), liarn'mvort, l''/>inif<liiiH/ 
nlpiiiitm.] A small berberidaeeous genus of 
low herbs, of Europe nii'l temperate Asia, with 
iernotely divided leaves, and racemes of white. 
pink. or yellowish Mowers. Several species alv rnl- 
tivateil for ornament. espeeially K. (iljjinmu of !jti"i>i 
nnil /-,'. nuKmtUhwH uf .lapan. 
epimera, . Plural of rpiuifron. 
epimeral (ep-i-me'ral). n. [< cjiimcron + -<i/.] 
Pertaining to an epiineron or to the epimera. 
1971 
epimerite (ep-i-me'rit), H. [As epimcron 4- 
-itf-.] An anterior proboscis-like appendage 
borne upon the protomerite of tho septate gre- 
gamies. it ,,-ives tnattarli the parasite to iU host, and 
ma> IK- aiine.1 with hooklck for that purpose. Itlsalways 
ilrriiliiuiis. u In n it is present, the in'Ogarine is known 
a^ a <>' i ,//<//"! it . a II t I 1 1 i^ >ln i|. a> a qWTMll, 
epimeritic (ep i-me-rit'ik), a. [< rpitHi-riti- + 
-ic.] Of or pertaining to the epimerite. 
epimeron, epimerum (ep-i-mS ron, -rum), n. : 
pi. rpiiin-rii (-iii ). [NL., < Gr. em, upon, + fil(K>^, 
thigh.] One of the side-pieces in the segment 
of an arthropod or articulate animal, in the Cnu- 
lacea the cpimcra form part of the dorsal arc, ami tin li -< 
are artii nlaU'il tn tlimi. In inserts tbr ti i m i- generally 
restricted to these pieces in the thoracic secnn nt-, In n- 
an epimeron ia the middle one of three sclerites into hicb 
an> pleuron is divisible ; they are situate*! hcliiml the epi- 
^tcrna, ln-t\M-i n the terffum and the insertions of the legs. 
epinaos (ep-i-na'os), n. ; pi. epinaoi (-oi). [< 
Gr. cut, upon, + vaof, temple.] An open vesti- 
bule behind the cella of some ancient temples, 
corresponding to tho pronaos in front. Soe 
(i/iiatliotlomos and posticum. 
epinastic (ep-i-nas'tik), o. [< epinasty + -ic.] 
In hot., of, pertaining to, or of the nature of 
epinasty. 
With respect to this downward movement of the leaves, 
Kruus believes that it is due to their fpinajftic growth. 
Darwin, Movement In Plants, p. 260. 
epinastically (ep-i-nas'ti-kal-i), adv. In an 
epinastic manner. 
The marginal portion of the pfleus is somewhat curved 
over and bent downwards (epinastically) in towards the 
surface of the stipe. /' Bary, Fungi (trans.), p. 294. 
epinasty (ep'i-nas-ti), M. [< Gr. M, upon, + 
vaarof , pressed close, solid, \ vaaaeiv, press close, 
stamp down.] In hot., a movement or state of 
curvature due to the more active growth of the 
ventral side of an organ. 
Epinephelini (ep-i-nef-e-li'ni), n. pi. [NL. 
(Bleeker, 1875), < Epinephelus + -ini.] A group 
or subfamily of Serranida; including the gen- 
era Epinephelus, Mycteropcrca, Dermatolcpis, 
I'romicropterux, Enneacentrus, and other closely 
related non-American genera. 
Epinephelus (ep-i-nef 'e-lus) ; n. [NL. (Bloch, 
1(93), < Gr. i-i, upon, + vffytf.ri, cloud.] A ge- 
nus of fishes, of the family Serranida;. it con- 
tains numerous species, chiefly of the tropical and sub- 
tropical seas, having the interorbital space narrow, the 
eyes subcentral, the scales of the lateral line simple, and 
the anal tin short, with only 8 or 9 rays, the inner teeth 
of both jaws depressible, and some of the anterior ones 
can i iii form, and the prcopcrciilum entire below. E. mn- 
rin is the red grouper of the Mexican coast and the South 
Atlantic coast of the I'nited States. See grouper. 
dpinette (a-pe-net'). n. [F. epinette, a spinet: 
see spinet.] A kind of cage in which fowls are 
confined for tho purpose of fattening. It com- 
monly consists of a scries of coops in tiers, arranged in a 
circular frame, the whole frame turning on its axis for 
convenience in feeding the fowls, which Is performed me- 
chanically by means of a force-pump. Also called chicken- 
feeder. 
Epineuil (a-pe-nely'), n. [P. : see def.] A red 
wine produced around the village of Epineuil in 
the neighborhood of Tonnerre, in tho depart- 
ment of Yonne, France, resembling Burgundy 
of the second grade, and much esteemed,though 
not often exported. 
epineural (ep-i-nu'ral), a. and n. [< Gr. M, 
upon, + neural, q. v.] I, a. Situated upon a 
neural arch, as a spine of a fish's backbone. 
In Eso.x and Thymallus the epineural and epicentrat 
spines are present; in Cyprinus the ei/ineurai and epi- 
plciiral. Ouvn, Anat., I. 43. 
II. n. A scleral spine attached to a neural 
arch. See extract under epicentral. 
epineuria, . Plural of epineurium. 
f epineurial (ep-i-nu'ri-al), a. [< epineurium + 
-<(/.] Pertaining to or consisting of epineurium : 
as, epineurial sheaths. 
epineurium (ep-i-nu'ri-um), n. ; pi. epineuria 
(-jp. [NL., < Gr. eiri, upon, + vcvpov, nerve.] 
The sheath of connective tissue around a fasci- 
culus of nerve-tissue, as distinguished from the 
finer sheath of perineurium which similarly sur- 
rounds the smaller bundles or funiculi of which 
a nerve is ultimately composed. Seefuniculus 
and perim iirinm, 
epinglette (ep-ing-glef), n. [F. epinglette, a 
primer, a priming-wire, dim. of fpingle, a pin, 
< OF. espinale, < L. spinula, dim. of spina, a 
thorn, spine: see apinnli-. n/iiiir.] An iron 
needle for piercing the cartridge of a piece of 
ordnance liet'ore priming: a priming-wire. 
epinicia. . Plural <>f > i>i>ii<-iim. 
epinicial (ep-i-nis-ial), a. Same as epinician. 
The spoils won in vietnr> were carried in triumph, 
while an c/iinieial song was chanted. 
T. H'lirtuii, llisu Eng. Poetry. 
epiphany 
epinician (ep-i-nis-ian;, (i. \ Written less prop. 
i inn/Linn, '. I .r. . '-n >,," , ul' \ietory : see , 
. | Pertaining to or t elel>ratin^ vietory. 
epinicion (ep-i-nis'i-on), M. ; pi. < \iiim-iii (-'&). 
TNL., < Gr. eirivintav, a song of victory, netit. of 
i-ii'iMi:r, tif victory, < eiri, upon, + viia/, victory.] 
1. A song of triumph; a poem in celebration 
of a victory; especially, in ancient Greece, a 
poem in honor of a victory in an athletic con- 
test, as at tho Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, or 
Isthmian games. The poems of Pindar which 
have come down to us are almost all epinicia. 
A triumphal epinicion on Ilcngist's massacre. 
T. Warton, Rowley Enquiry, p. 60. 
Of his [Pindar's) extant e } ,i,,;.-;,,, si.-ily claims 15. 
tjuartcrlij Jtcv., CLXII. 172. 
2. In the Gr. Ch., the triumphal hymn; the 
Sanctus (which see). 
epinyctis (ep-i-nik'tis), n. ; pi. cpinyctides (-ti- 
dez). [NL., < Gr. lira/merit, epinyctis, < M, on, 
+ rtf (VVKT-) = E. night.] In pathol., a pustule 
appearing in the night, or especially trouble- 
some at night. 
epionic (ep-i-on'ik), a. and n. [< Gr. tviutwtif. 
having an louie following upon a measure of 
a different kind, < M, upon, + 'Iwin6f, Ionic : 
see Ionic.] I. a. In anc. pros., containing an 
Ionic preceded by an iambic dipody : an epithet 
applied by some Greek writers on metrics to 
some of the meters classed as logaojdic by re- 
cent writers. 
II. ?i. In anc. pros., a verse containing an 
Ionic following upon an iambic dipody. Versts 
of this kind are analyzed by modern authorities as !<>ga- 
cedlc (that is, as mixtures of cyclic dactyls with trochees, 
or of cyclic anaptsts with iambi), the line generally be- 
ginning with a prefixed syllable (anacrusis). 
Epiornls, An improper form of dZpyornis. 
epiotic (ep-i-ot'ik), a. and n. [< Gr. eiri, upon, 
T oi f (ur-) = E. ear: sec earl, -otic.] I. a. Lit- 
erally, upon the ear: applied to a center of os- 
sification in the mastoul region of the periotic 
bone. 
II. n. In zool. and anal., one of tho three 
principal bones or separate ossifications which 
compose tho periotic bone or auditory capsule : 
distinguished from the jiroiitic and the opisthot- 
ic, and also from the pttrotic when this fourth 
element is present. It Is the superior and external 
one of the three, developed in special relation with the 
posterior semicircular canal of the car. It usually forms 
part of the petrosal lione, or petrous jMirtion of the tem- 
poral bone, and may be itidibtinguishably ankylosed there- 
with. See cuts under Crocodiliu and OwcfcK/*. 
Epipactis (ep-i-pak'tis), . [NL., < Gr. iirma- 
Krif, a plant also called il./eflopivj/.] A genus of 
terrestrial orchids, of northern temperate re- 
gions. They have stout, leafy stems, and a raceme of 
purplish-brown or whitish (lowers. Two species are found 
in the I'nlted States. 
epiparodos (ep-i-par'o-dos), M. [< Gr. emira- 
lioonf, a parodos following upon another, < iiri, 
upon, + rrdpooof, a parodos: see parodos.] In 
anc. Gr. tragedy, a second or additional paro- 
dos or entrance of the chorus. See metastasis 
and parodos. 
epipedometry (ep' i-pe-dom'e-tri), . [< Gr. 
tariff f <!of, on the ground, plane (< cm, on, + ire 6ov, 
ground), + -iiirpia, < fitrpov, a measure.] The 
mensuration of surfaces. 
epiperipheral (ep"i-pe-rif'e-ral), a. [< Gr. tiri, 
upon, + irfpuptpc/a, periphery (see periphery}, 
+ -nl.] Situated or originating upon the pe- 
riphery or external surface of the body: specifi- 
cally applied to feelings or sensations originat- 
ing at the ends of nerves distributed on the 
outer surface: opposed to entoperiplieral: as, 
the sensation produced by touching an object 
with the finger is an epiperipheral sensation. 
On comparing these three j;rcat orders of feelings, we 
found that whereas the iv//;wri'/./ir/ at rer. lationalton very 
great extent, the entoperiplieral, and still more the cen- 
tral, have but small aptitudes for entering into relations. 
//. Sprawr. 
epipetalous (ep-i-pet'a-lus), a. [< NL. epipe- 
tiilnn. < Gr. Ti, upon, + Kira/m; leaf (mod. 
petal): seepe/a?.] Borne upon the petals of a 
flower: applied to stamens, and to plants whose 
stamens are attached to the corolla. 
epiphany (e-pif'a-ni), n. [< ME. epyphany, < 
OF. ejii/ihiinir, F. ejiiplianir = Pr. epifania, 
cpijihnnia = Sp. cjiifania = Pg. epiphania = It. 
I'jiiftinia, pifanin, liffania (see brfaiia), < LL. 
I'/'ililiaiiin, fern, sing., epiphania, neut. pi., < Gr. 
i-ioaveia, fern, sing., appearance, limn if estat ion, 
sudden appearance, apparition, LGr. the epiph- 
any, < exidavfc, appearing (suddenly), becom- 
ing manifest (esp. of deities). < iirupaivtiv, show 
forth, manifest, < eiri + (jaivttv, show: see fancy, 
pliaii'iifin, etc.] 1. An appearance; mauifes- 
