epiphany 
tation of one's presence : used especially with 
reference to appearances of a deity. 
Him, whom but just before they beheld transfigured, 
and in a glorious epiphany upon the mount. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 93. 
Every 19th year, we are told, . . . the god [Apollo] him- 
self appeared to his worshippers about the vernal equinox, 
and during a long epiphany "would harp and dance in 
the sky until the rising of the Pleiades." 
C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist., p. 90. 
2. Among the ancient Greeks, a festival held 
in commemoration of the appearance of a god 
in any particular place. 3. {cap.} A Christian 
festival closing the series of Christmas observ- 
ances, celebrated on the 6th of January, the 
twelfth day after Christmas (hence called 
Twelfth-day), in commemoration of the mani- 
festations of Christ to the world as the Son of 
God, in the "West especially that to the Gen- 
tiles through the visit of the Magi in his infancy. 
It was early instituted in the East in celebration both of 
his nativity and of his baptism, the former being after- 
ward transferred to the 25th of December. In the West it 
has been observed since the fourth century with special 
reference to the visit of the Magi or the three kings, with 
which are combined in the Koinan Catholic Church his 
baptism and his first miracle at Cana of Galilee. 
Therefore though the church do now call Twelfth-day 
Epiphany, because upon that day Christ was manifested 
to the Gentiles in those wise men who came then to wor- 
ship him yet the ancient church called this day [the day 
of Christ's birth] the Epiphany, because this day Christ 
was manifested to the world, by being born this day. 
Donne, Sermons, iv. 
epipharyngeal (ep"i-fa-rin'je-al), a. and TO. [< 
epipharynx (-pharyng-) + -e-al.} I. a. bituatea 
over or upon the pharynx ; pertaining to or hav- 
ing the character of the epipharynx. Specifl- 
cally (a) Inichth., applied to the uppermost bones of the 
branchial arches of osseous fishes. See the extract, and 
hypopharyngeal. 
The anterior four pair [of branchial arches] are com- 
posed of several joints, and the uppermost articulations 
1972 
speet to, apply to, call to, addressee, < cm + 
(jiuvelv, speak loud, speak, < 0&w), voice, sound.] 
In rhet., a sentence (that is, a general obser- 
vation or striking reflection) subjoined to a 
descriptive, narrative, argumentative, or other 
passage, or at the end of a whole discourse, to 
confirm, sum up, or conclude it. 
I belli 
if they look 
gregation ou. , - 
Smft, To Young Clergymen. 
epiphora (e-pif'o-ra), . [L., < Gr. emQopa, a 
bringing to or upon', an addition, a sudden at- 
tack ; in med., a defluxion (of humors); in rhet., 
the second clause in a sentence ; in logic, a con- 
clusion; < emifiepeiv, put or lay upon, bring ^to 
or upon, < em, upon, to, + tyspstv^ = E. ' 
epipleura 
has for a while a gristly cap of cartilage, which ossifies 
separately from one or several ossific centers, and finally 
coossifles with the shaft. An epiphysis is properly distin- 
guished from an apophygis, or mere bony process or out- 
growth without independent ossiflc center, being always 
autogenous or endogenous, and not merely exogenous ; but 
the distinction is not always observed, especially as a com- 
pleted and coossified epiphysis cannot be recognized as 
such with certainty. See cut under ewloskeleton. 
The epiphysis of the fcotus becomes the apophysis of the 
adult. Dmvjlison. 
(V) Some part or organ that grows upon or to 
another. 2. A small superior piece of each 
half of an alveolus of a sea-urchin, united be- 
low to its own half of the alveolus, joined to its 
fellow of the other half of the same alveolus, 
and connected by the rotula with the epiphysis 
of another alveolus. See lantern of Aristotle, 
under lantern Epiphysis cerebri, the conarium or 
pineal body of the brain : contrasted with the hypophysis 
cerebri, or pituitary body. 
from increased secretion vi w^~ -~ , - 
lacrymal passages, accumulate in front of the e piph^' a r(~ep^fi-tal), a. [< epipliyte + -al.} 
eye and trickle over the cheek. ^. In rhet., 5i pertaining to > '* of tne nature of an e P i ~ 
same as epistrophe 
;-. iiu 010 ujjvavi vj-/m/ 
epiphragm (ep'i-fram), . [< NL. epiphragma, < 
&r. im^pay-fia, a covering, lid, < muppaaaetv, block 
up, stop, protect, < erri, upon, + ippdaaeiv, block, 
stop, fence in : see diaphragm.] 1. In bot. : (a) 
The disk-like apex of the columella of Polij- 
trichece, which extends over the mouth of the 
capsule below the operculum. (6) A delicate 
membrane closing the cup-like receptacle of 
the Nid^llariacei. 2. In conch., the plate of 
hardened mucus secreted by a gastropod, as 
a snail, to plug up or seal the opening of the 
shell during hibernation ; a sort of temporary 
or false operculum, sometimes hardened by cal- 
careous deposit. See clausilium. 
This is known as the epiphragrn, and is formed when 
the animal retires in winter or in a season of drought. In 
Clausilia this epiphragm is a permanent structure, and is 
fastened to the mouth of the shell by an elastic stalk, so 
that it works as a trap-door. Stand. Nat. Hist., I. 304. 
g'ma), ,,; pi. epiphrag- 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 136. ma ta (-ma-ta). [NL. : see eptphragm.l Same 
epipfiS'aHep-i-frag'mal),, ,< epiphragm 
phyte; epiphytic. 
epiphyte (ep'i-flt), n. [NL., < Gr. tvi, upon, + 
QVTOV, a plant.] 1. In bot., a plant which grows 
upon another plant, but which does not, like a 
parasite, derive its nourishment from it. Very 
many orchids and species of' the Uromeliaceat are epi- 
phytes- also some ferns and many mosses, liverworts, 
lichens, and algre. The term is used by De Bary to de- 
note any plant, whether parasitic or not, growing on the 
surface of another plant, as distinguished from entophyte. 
2. In zool., a fungus parasitic on the skin and 
its appendages or on mucous surfaces of man 
and other animals, causing disease ; a dermato- 
phyte. Thomas, Med. Diet, 
epiphytic, epiphytical (ep-i-fit'ik, -i-kal), a. 
[< epiphyte + -ic-al.} Pertaining to or having 
the nature of an epiphyte. 
The epiphytic orchids have often a very curious look, 
with all their domestic economy in view their long, 
straggling white roots reaching down into the air below 
them to gather nutriment and 
-fit'i-kal-i), adv. After the 
upon, + ^apiyf, throat : see pharynx.'} Inentom., 
a fleshy lobe beneath the labrum, forming a 
valve which covers the opening of the pharynx 
or gullet. It is best seen in the Hymenoptera. 
Also called epiglottis. See cut under Hyme- 
noptera. 
Median projections on the internal surface of the upper 
and lower lips [of an insect] are distinguished as epipha- 
ri/nx and hypopharynx respectively. 
Claus, Zoology (trans.), I. 524. 
EpiphegUS (ep-i-fe'gus), n. [NL., < Gr. tirl, 
upon, + tyiyoc, = L. fdgus = AS. boe, the beech : 
see Fagiis, beech 1 .} A genus of plants of the 
natural order Orobamhacece, of a single species, 
E. Virginiana, which is parasitic upon the roots 
of the beech. It is a native of the United States east 
of the Mississippi, and is a slender branching herb of a 
dull purple or yellowish-brown color, with small scattered 
scales in place of leaves. It is known as beech-drops or 
cancer-root. 
epiphenomenon (ep'i-fe-nom'e-non), n. ; pi. 
epiphenomena (-na). [NL., < Gr. crci, on, upon, 
+ <jiaiv6uevav, phenomenon: see phenomenon.} 
In pathol., a symptom or complication arising 
during the course of a malady. 
From these investigations [of Billroth] it was generally 
concluded that septic infection was due to an unorgan- 
ized though perhaps organic substance ; that the presence 
of bacteria was an epiphenomenon a sequence, not a 
cause. 1C. T. Eelfield, Rel. of Micro-Org. to Disease, p. 37. 
epiphloeodal (ep-i-fle'o-dal), a. [< epiphlceum 
+ -ode + -al.} Same 'as epipfeteodfJc. 
epiphloeodic (ep"i-fle-od'ik), a. [< epiphloeum 
+ -ode + -ic.} In lichenology, living upon the 
surface of the bark of a plant. Compare hypo- 
phlteodic. 
epiphloeum (ep-i-fle'um), n. [NL., < Gr. eiri, 
upon, + ^Aoidf, bark.] In bot., the corky en- 
velop or outer portion of the hark, lying next 
beneath the epidermis. The term is not used 
by late authorities. 
The epiphloeum is generally composed of one or more 
layers of colourless or brownish cells. 
W. .B. Carpenter, Micros., 372. 
epiphonem (e-pif'o-nem), n. [Also epiphoneme; 
<. L. epiphonema, q. v.] Same as epiphonema. 
The wise man ... in th' ende cryed out with this 
Hpuphoneme, Vanitas vanitatum et omnia vanitas. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 85. 
epiphonema (ep"i-fo-ne'ma), n. [L., < Gr. em- 
ifiavn/ja, a finishing 'sentence, a moral, also an 
exclamation, < iTntyuvuv, say upon or with re- 
yllo- 
rond. 
epiphragmata, n. Plural of epiphragma. 
epiphylfine (ep-i-fil'in), a. [< Gr. eiri, upon, 
+ iffMw (= L. folium), leaf, + -ine 1 .} Same 
as epiphyllous. 
epiphyllospermous (ep-i-fil-o-sper'mus), a. [< 
Gr. en I, upon, + <t>ii'A'Aov (= L. fo- 
lium), leaf, + tnripifa, seed, + 
-ous.} In bot., bearing the fruit 
or spores on the back of the 
leaves or fronds, as ferns. 
epiphyllous (ep-i-fil'us), a. [< 
Gr. em, upon, 4- fyvMav (= L./o- 
lium), a leaf, + -ous.} Growing 
upon a leaf, as applied to fungi ; 
epigenous : often limited to the 
upper surfaee,indistmctionfrom part o!E ^ pb 
hypogenous. Also epiphylline. spermous Fro 
Epiphyllum (ep-i-fil'um), n. 
[NL. (so called from the apparent position of 
the flower), (. Gr. cm, upon, + <pi>A%ov (= L. foli- 
um), a leaf.] A Brazilian genus of low cacta- 
ceous plants, with numerous branches formed 
of short, flattened, bright- 
green joints, bearing showy 
rose-red flowers at the sum- 
mit. There are three species. 
E. truncatum and E. Russel- 
lianum are frequently culti- 
vated in greenhouses, 
epiphyses, n. Plural of epi- 
physis. 
epiphysial, epiphyseal (ep-i- 
fiz i-al, -e-al), a. [< epiphysis 
+ -al.} Pertaining to or hav- 
ing the nature of an epiphy- 
sis. Owen. 
epiphysis (e-pif 'i-sis), . ; j>l. 
epiphyses (-sez). [L.,<Gr. eiri- 
<j>vtji(, an outgrowth, epiphysis, 
< Em<j>ve<j6cu, grow upon, ^ tiri, 
upon, + tpvecmai, grow.] 1. In 
anat. : (a) A part or process 
of bone which has its own 
center of ossification separate 
from the main center of the 
shaft or body of the bone, and 
which therefore only gradual- 
ly joins the rest of the bone 
by the progress of ossification: so called be- 
cause it grows upon the body of the bone. 
Thus, the end of a long bone, as the humerus or femur, 
A name given by De Bary to the protoplasmic 
residuum in the spore-sacs of the Ascomycetce 
after the spores are formed: same as glycogen- 
mass. 
epiplastron (ep-i-plas'tron), n. ; pi. epiplastra 
(-tra). [NL., < Gr. cm, upon, + NL. plastron, 
q. v'.'] The anterior lateral one of the nine pieces 
of which the plastron of a turtle may consist. 
It has been usually called epiiternum, from a mistaken 
view of its sternal character. There are a pair of epiplas- 
tra, one on each side of the single median entoplastron, 
and in front of the hyoplastra. See plastron, second figure 
under carapace, and second cut under Chelonia. 
The entoplastron and the two epiplastra correspond 
with the median and lateral thoracic plates of the Laby- 
rinthodont Amphibia, and very probably answer to the 
interclavicle and clavicles of other Vertebrata. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 175. 
epiplerosis (ep'i-ple-ro'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ETTCT/ljypuoYf, an overfilling, < itrnrt.ripavv, fill up 
again, < em, upon, in addition, + irA-qpovv, fill, < 
irAf/priS, full.] In pathol., excessive repletion ; 
distention. 
epipleura (ep-i-plo'ra), .; pi. epipleura: (-re). 
[NL., < Gr. eiri, uponj'+ vMvpa, a rib, the side: 
see pleura.} 1. A scleral spine or process super- 
posed upon a rib, as in various fishes. "Thelatter 
[epipleural spines] have been called ' upper ribs ' and in 
Polypterus are stronger than the ribs themselves " (Owen, 
Anat., I. 43). 
2. In ornith., one of the uncinate processes 
borne upon most of the ribs of a bird, forming 
fc 
Right Femur of a 
Youth. 
E, E, epiphyses ; gtr, 
Itr, greater and lesser 
trochanter : ft, head ; 
et, it, external and in- 
ternal tuberosity ; ec, 
ic, external and inter- 
nal condyle ; ft, neck. 
Epipleurae. Thorax, scapular arch, and part of pelvic arch 
of a bobolink (Dolichonyx eryzivoriis}. 
keel): nt, manubrium stemi; cp, costal process of sternum, bearing 
six ribs; cr, coracoid bone; s, base of scapula, the rest cut away: 
A furcula ; ec, epiclidium of furcula ; It, hypoclidium of lurcula ; ft, 
glenoid fossa, formed by coracoid and scapula ; it, ilium ; IS, ischium ; 
/>, pubis ; a, acetabulum. 
