epipleura 
a series of splint-bones passing obliquely back- 
ward from one rib to overlie the succeeding 
rib or ribs, ami Ihns increasing the stability of 
the walls of the thorax. The,, splints are either 
articulated or ankylosed with their rcspe. live rihs, and 
have independent centers of ossification. They do not 
occur on the posteii..i -..r ,-:i. i:il ill.-, and arc found only 
upon the pleiirupophysial part of any rih. Also epipleural. 
3. In cntom., the outer side of a beetle's wing- 
cover when it is indexed or turned down so as 
to cover partially the side of the thorax and 
abdomen. Also called the side-cover. Though 
common ly appli.'.l to Hie w liol.- inlle\. il portion, tiir I.M.I 
is prop.Tly limited to a distinct part bordering the inner 
margin, and often much narrower than the intlexed por- 
tion, or entirely w:in(in^. The name is also applied to an 
hill. A. .1 pail of each side of the pronotum, distinguish- 
e.l as the ffrtthitracic epiplvura. Dlscoidal epipleurse. 
See tliH'iiiilnl. 
epipleural (ep-i-plo'ral), . and n. [< ejii/ili urn 
+ -/.] I. n. 1. Situated upon a pleurapophy- 
sis or pleural element of a vertebra, as a spine 
of a fish's back-bone ; specifically, in rertebrate 
zoiil., pertaining to or of the nature of an epi- 
pleura. 2. In cntom., pertaining to, on, or bor- 
dering the epipleura or infloxed outer side of 
a beetle's elytrura Epipleural appendage, an cpi- 
plenra. Epipleural carina, in en/out., a ridge dividing 
such an inrtexe.d portion from the rest of the elytrnni. 
Epipleural fold, in ./.'...... the outer part of the ely- 
trnin when it is sharply turned down over the thorax and 
abdomen. 
II. . Same as epipleura, 2. 
epiplexis (ep-i-plek'sis), n. [LL., < Gr. M- 
wAjftff, chastisement, blame, reproof, < eiwrMto- 
aetv, chastise, blame, reprove, lit. strike at, < 
em, upon, + TrM/oaeiv, strike.] In rhet., the em- 
ployment of rebuke or reproaches, in order to 
produce an oratorical effect, as when a speaker 
seeks to rouse a legislative or popular assem- 
bly and impel it to decided action : accounted 
by some a figure. Also called epitimesis. 
epiploa, 11. Plural of epiplwin. 
epiploce (e-pip'lo-se), n. [LL., < Gr. emirloKfi, 
a plaiting together, interweaving of clauses by 
way of epanastrophe orclimax, < rmxMKetv, plait 
together, < iiri, upon, + vMitetv, plait, twist.] 1 . 
In rhet., a figure by which in a number of suc- 
cessive clauses the last (or the last important) 
word of one clause recurs as the first of the 
next; accumulated epanastrophe ; in general, 
climax, especially climax combined with epa- 
nastrophe: as, "he not only spared his enemies, 
but continued them in employment; not only 
continued them, but advanced them." See rfi- 
nui.f. 2. In pros., according to the nomencla- 
ture of ancient metricians, a group or class of 
measures comprising as subclasses measures 
or feet of the same magnitude, but of opposed 
or contracted form that is, feet containing the 
same number of longs and snorts, but with these 
following in a reversed or different sequence. 
epiplocele (e-pip'lo-sel), . [< Gr. imx/.oov, the 
caul, + Ktifa), a tumor.] In sura., hernia of the 
epiploon or omentum; omental hernia. 
epiploic (op-i-plo'ik), n. [< epiploon + -ic.] 
Of or pertaining to the epiploon ; omental. 
epiploischiocele (ep"i-plo-is'ki-o-sel), . [NL., 
< Or. emxtoov, the caul, 4- la^io'r, the hip-joint, 
+ Kr/fji, a tumor.] In surg., hernia in which the 
omentum protrudes through the sciatic fora- 
men. 
epiploitis (ep'i-plo-i'tis), . [NL., < epiploon 
f -id's.] In pathol., inflammation of the epip- 
1973 
.ri, a tumor.] In simj., a hernia in which the 
omentum descends into the scrotum. 
epipodia. . Plural of epipodium. 
epipodial (ep-i-po'di-al), a. and n. [< rpipodium 
+ -/] I. u. 1. In anat., of or pertaining to 
the epipodialia. 2. In conch., of or pertain- 
ing to the epipodium. 
In this genus \Aplyria], and in Oasteropteron, there are 
very large epipodial lobes, by the aid of which some spe- 
cies propel themselves like 1'teropods. 
u, Anat. Invert., p. 438. 
episcopacy 
supposed to correspond, in the pelvic arch, to 
the episternum of the scapular nrdi. 
Epira, Epiridae. See r/.m-n, i: t i> /<( 
, . . 
Epirote, Epirot (e-pi'rot, -rot), n. [< Gr. ' 
puTi/r, ail Epirote, < 'Hmi/juc, Kpirus, lit. the 
mainland (sc. of western Greece, as opposed 
H. a. One of the epipodialia : as, the epipo- 
ilinln of the leg are the tibia and the fibula. See 
cut under crus. 
epipodialia (ep-i-po-di-a'li-ft), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. iiriirMiof, upon the feet: see epipodium.'} 
In vertebrate anat., the corresponding bones of 
both fore and hind limbs, which extend from 
the elbow to the wrist, and from the knee to 
the ankle, thus constituting the morphological 
segments which intervene between the propo- 
dialia and the mesopodialia. 
epipodite (e-pip'o-dit), . [< Gr. M, upon, + 
irovf (TTOI!-), = E. foot, + 4&*. Cf. epipodium.'] 
A third branch of the limb of a crustacean, as 
distinguished from both the endopodite and the 
exopodite ; a segment of the typical limb, actu- 
ally developed in some of the limbs in relation 
with the branch iee, and articulated with the pro- 
topodite or coxopodite. Also called flabellum. 
See cut under endopodite. 
to the adjacent islands), < f/im/jof, the main- 
land. a continent.] A native or an inhabitant 
of Epirus, the northwestern part of ancient 
Greece, now chiefly included in Albania, Tur- 
key ; anciently, a member of one of the indi- 
genous tribes of Epirus. Epirus was at one time a 
powerful kingdom, aim was always imlep<-ndeiit till con- 
quered by the Romans In 168 B. C. The Eplrotes proper, 
though closely connected with Grecian history, were not 
regarded as Greeks. Also written Kpeirote, Kpeirot. 
Of the Evirott there are bronze coins of the regal period, 
and both silver and bronze of the repnbllc(238~ltl8 R c.X 
Ktuye. Brit., XVII. 841. 
Epirotic (op-i-rot'ik), a. [< Epirote + -e.] Of 
or pertaining to Epirus or the Epirotes. 
Achilles calls upon the Zeus of the Kpirotic Dodona as 
the ancestral divinity of his house. 
Amer. Jour. Fhilol., VII. 481, note. 
epirrhema (ep-i-rS'mft), n. [< Gr. imppwa, 
what is said afterward (in comedy, a speech 
spoken by the coryphaeus after the parabasis), 
also an adverb, a nickname, < iiri, upon, + 
pfifM, what is said, a word, a verb : see rheniat- 
ic.] In anc. Gr. comedy, a part of the parabasis 
(or second parabasis also, if there is one), con- 
sisting in a direct address of the chorus to 
the spectators, and containing humorous com- 
plaints and direct attacks upon the follies and 
vices of the public, the mismanagement of 
state affairs, etc., with special reference to 
passing events and hits at well-known indi- 
viduals. 
The four anterior pairs of ambulatory limb, [of the cray- epirrhematlc (ep'i-re-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. imp- 
flshl differ from the last pair in irossessing a long curved W 8 Ci on ly "I sense of adverbial,' < cmp- 
appendage, which ascends from the coxopoilite, with which 
It is articulated, and passes into the branchial chamber, 
In which It lies. This Is the epipodite. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 270. 
loon. 
epiplomerocele (ep*i-plo-me'ro-s61), n. [NL., 
< Gr. imx'SMi', the caul, + /ir/poc, the thigh, + 
k/,/.i/, a tumor.] In surg., femoral hernia with 
protrusion of the omentura. 
epiplomphalocele (ep-i-plom'fa-lo-sel), . 
[NL., < Ur. Mrtoof, the caul, +" bii^a'^6f, the 
navel, + w/>;/, a tumor.] In surg., hernia with 
protrusion of the omentum at tlio n:ivel. 
epiplo6n(e-pip'lo-on),.; pi. epijiloa (-&). [NL., 
< Gr. fTriTr^obv, the caul, < nr, upon. + "-irZoof, as 
in AT^OOT, double, twofold: see diploe.'] 1. The 
caul or apron of the intestines ; the great omen- 
tum; a (|uiulniplicaturo of the peritoneum, 
hanffinu down in front of the intestines from 
the stomach and transverse colon. It cnn^u 
actually of four layers of peritom nm, wliii-h liccomc tn 
l.y union ,.f tlirir iipposed (outer) surfaces, and thus form 
u ilnpliiMture of the peritoneum looping down from the 
i ii-li ,'111.1 rolmi. the inlerior of \\iiii h U the lesser 
i-iivit> of the peritoneum ooBmunicating with th, ui.viii i- 
cavity by the forum. -n of Win-l.nv. ami Hi.- f.il.N or w:ilN 
of which usually contain much fut. Sec tmirntiini. 
2. In eiitom., the peculiar fatty substance in 
inseds. 
epiploscheocele (ep-i-plos'ke-o-sel), . [NL., 
? Gr. fTiVAoov, the caul, + iaxeov, scrotum, + 
epipoditic (ep*i-po-dit'ik), a. [< epipodite + 
-ic.~\ Pertaining to an epipodite. 
epipodium (ep-i-po'di-um), . ; pi. epipodia (-S). 
[NL., < Gr. fjruroAor, upon the feet, < M, upon, 
+ iroi>( (irod-) = E. foot.] One of the appen- 
dages of the side of the foot of certain mol- 
lusks, as the odontophorous or cephalophorous 
univalves ; some lateral part or process of the 
foot, in any way distinguished from the mesial 
propodium, mesopodium, and metapodium. in 
pteropods a pair of large wing-like epipodia serve as mis 
to swim with, and In fact give name to the order flero- 
jmda. The funnels of cephalopods are supposed by some 
to be modified epipodia. 
epipolic (ep-i-pol'ik), a. [< Gr. citmot.fi, a sur- 
face, < kTnirtfeaOai, come to or upon, < M, upon, 
to, + xttea0ai, come, be.] Pertaining to or pro- 
duced by epipolism or fluorescence Epipolic 
dispersion, n phrase applied by Sir John Herschel to the 
phenomena of fluorescence. 
epipolism (e-pip'o-lizm), . [As epipol-ic + 
-i.s'fH.] Fluorescence. 
epipolized (e-pip'o-Uzd), a. [As epipol-ic 
+ -ir + -ed^.J Affected or modified by 
the phenomena of fluorescence : as, epipolized 
light. 
epipsyche (ep-i-si'ke), n. [< Gr. M, upon, + 
V"W/> spirit, life: see Pgyctie.] In ana t., the 
afterbrain or medulla oblongata ; the myelen- 
cephalon or metencephalon. Haeckel. 
epiptere (ep'ip-ter), n. [< F. epiptere (Dum4ril, 
1806), < Gr. em, upon, + vrepdv, a wing, fln.] In 
ichth., the dorsal fin. [Bare.] 
epipteric (ep-ip-ter'ik), a. [< Gr. em, upon, + 
Trrep6v, a wing, + -tc.j Situated over the ali- 
sphenoid or greater wing of the sphenoid bone : 
specifically applied, in human anatomy, to a 
supernumerary or epactal bone of the skull 
sometimes found in the fontanel at the anterior 
inferior angle of the parietal bone, just above 
the end of the alisphenoid. 
epipterous (e-pip'te-rus), a. [< Gr. tir/, upon, 
+ 7TTtp6v, a wing, 4- -ous.] In bot., having a 
wing on the summit : applied to seeds, etc. 
epipubes, . Plural of epipubis. 
epipubic (ep-i-pii'bik), a. [< Gr. cm, upon, + 
NL. pubis, q. v.] 1. Situated upon or before 
the pubes : applied to the so-called marsupial 
bones of marsupial mammals. Specifically 
2. Of or peTtainiug to the epipubis: as, an epi- 
/niliii' lione or cartilage. 
epipubis (ep-i-pu'bis), n. ; pi. epipubes (-bez). 
[NL.. < Gr. i-i, upon, + NL. pubis, q. v.] A 
median syinpliyseal bone or cartilage situated 
in front of and upon the pubis proper. It is 
pillia(T-), epirrhema (also an adverb): see ejnr- 
rhema.] Of or pertaining to the epirrhema of 
the Attic old comedy ; containing or of the 
character of the epirrhema. 
His [Zleiinski's] theory of the original epirrhematic com- 
position of a comedy as compared with the "epeisodic" 
of a tragedy. Anier. Jour. Pliiiol., VIII. 183. 
epirrheolpgy (ep'i-re-ol'5-ji), M. [< Gr. imp- 
(Mia, equiv. to imppny, afflux, influx, inflow (< 
imppeiv, flow upon, flow in, < iiri, upon, + i>iiv. 
mate, upon plants. 
epirrhizous (ep-i-ri'zus), a. [< Gr. M, upon, + 
pi(,a, root, + -ous."] In bot., growing on a root. 
episcenium (ep-i-se'ni-um), . ; pi. episcenia (-&). 
[L., < Gr. ewioia/vtov, also eirioiajvot;, a place above 
or on the stage, < em, upon, over, 4- oxifvt;, the 
stage: see scene.] According to Vitruvius, a 
chamber or the like, or a merely ornamental 
structure, over the stage in some Greek thea- 
ters. 
episcleral (ep-is-kle'ral), a. [< Gr. em, upon, 
+ atf.iipof, hard (see sclerotic), + -al.] Situated 
upon the sclerotic coat of the eye. 
episcleritis (ep'is-kle-ri'tis), M. [< Gr. M, 
upon, + aKJi/pof, hard (see sclerotic), + -itis.] 
In pathol., inflammation of the connective tis- 
sue covering the sclerotic coat of the eye. 
episcopacy (e- pis' ko- pa -si), n. [As episco- 
pate* + -acy.] 1. Government of the church 
by bishops ; that form of church government in 
which there are three distinct orders of minis- 
ters bishops, priests or presbyters, and dea- 
cons. In episcopacy the order of bishops is superior to 
the other clergy, and has exclusive power to confer orders. 
Episcopacy is the organic system since early times of all 
the Oriental churches (Cireek, Armenian, Coptic, etc.) and 
of the Koman Catholic Church, and also of the Anglican 
Church and its various branches. These churches teach 
that it is of apostolic origin and essential to the mainte- 
nance of valid orders. Government by bishops was con- 
tinued in the Scandinavian churches (called Lutheran) In 
Denmark and Sweden, in the latter country apparently 
without interruption at the Reformation. The Moravian 
Church also claims an uninterrupted succession. The bish- 
ops of the .Moravian and American Methodist Episcopal 
churches are itinerant, and hare no special diocesan Juris- 
diction. The Mormons also have an officer called bishop. 
Maintalners of episcopacy hold that (whether the word 
tnfhnp, firt<ro*oc, epitciiput, was for a time equivalent to 
presbyter or not) there was in apostolic times an order of 
presbyters superior in authority to ordinary presbyters, 
consisting of the twelve apostles, other apostles, and their 
colleagues, who transmitted so much of their authority as 
was to be used in continuing and governing the ministry 
to successors, called biihnpt after the first century, consti- 
tuting an order which has continued till the present day. 
2. The state of being a bishop; episcopal rank 
or office. 
Under Canute and his successors the practice of inves- 
titure with the ring and staff, or crosier, seems to have 
