epistolographic 
see epistolography.] Pertaining to the writing 
of letters Epistolographic characters or alpha- 
bet, the ancient Egyptian demotic characters, so called 
because they were used in correspondence. See demotic. 
In Egypt, written language underwent a further differ- 
entiation: whence resulted the hieratic and the epistolo- 
graphic or enchorial : both of which are derived from the 
original hieroglyphic. 
H. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. 19. 
epistolography (e-pis-to-log'ra-fi), n. [=,F. 
epistolographie, < Gr. as if *t;noTO/loypa0'a, \ em- 
oro/loypa^of, a letter-writer, < CTTICTO'/L^, a letter, 
+ ypdijieiv, write.] The art or practice of writ- 
ing letters. 
epistom (ep'i-stom), n. [See epistoma.] Same 
as epistoma (b). 
The posterior antennas [of decapods] are usually inserted 
externally, and somewhat ventrally to the first pair, on a 
flat plate pluced in front of the mouth (epixtom). 
Claus, Zoology (trans.), I. 476. 
epistoma (e-pis'to-mii), n. ; pi. cpistomata (ep- 
is-to'ma-ta). [NL.,"< Gr. em, upon, + crofia, 
mouth.] In 2067., some part, region, or organ 
borne upon or lying before the mouth. Specifi- 
cally (a) In Polyzoti, a process overhanging the mouth 
of many species; the prostomium. Also epiglottis, (b) 
In Crustacea, a preoral part or parts above and before 
the mouth, on the antennary somite, and formed more 
or le by the sternite of that somite. It lies between 
the laiirum and the bases of the antennto. Sometimes 
c&l\ed anteniutry sternites. Also epistom. See cute under 
Erachyura, cephalothorax, and Cyctops. 
In front of the labrum and mandibles [of the crayfish] 
is a wide, somewhat pentagonal area, prolonged into a 
point in the middle line forwards, and presenting a small 
spine on each side ; this is the epititoma. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 272. 
(e) In entom. : (1) That part of an insect's head which is 
between the front and labrum. It is sometimes membra- 
nous or softer than the rest of the surface. When large, 
this part is commonly called the clypeun. See cut under 
lli/menoptera. (2) An outer envelop of the rostrum, or 
anterior prolongation of the head, found in the Tipulidce. 
Osten-Sacken. 
Also epistome. 
epistomal (e-pis'to-m#l), a. [< epistoma + 
-al] Pertaining to,' consisting of, or constitut- 
ing an epistoma ; preoral ; prostomial. 
epistomata, n. Plural of epistoma. 
epistome ( ep'i-stom), . [< NL. epistoma, q. v.] 
Same as epistoma. 
epistomium (ep-i-sto'mi-um), n. ; pi. epistomia 
(-a). [L., < Gr. emaT6/uov, a faucet, < em, upon, 
+ ar6/ia, mouth, spout.] In Horn, antiq., a fau- 
epistrophe (e-pis'tro-fe), n. [= F. Epistrophe 
= Pg. epistrophe = It. epistrofe, < LL. epistrophe, 
< Gr. cmaTpoifif/, a turning about, < tvutrpvpciv. 
turn about, turn to, < em, upon, -1- orptyetv, turn.] 
1. In rhet., a figure in which several successive 
clauses or sentences end with the same word 
or affirmation: as, "Are they Hebrews? so am 
I. Are they Israelites! so am I. Are they the 
seed of Abraham ? so am L" 2 Cor. xi. 22. 2. 
In music, in a cyclic composition, the original 
concluding melody, phrase, or section, when 
repealed at the end of the several divisions ; a 
refrain. 3. In bot., the arrangement of chlo- 
1976 
order, also known by its Roman name, the ar- 
chitrave: a massive horizontal beam of stone or 
wood resting immediately upon the abaci of 
the capitals of a range of columns or pillars. 
See cut under entablature. 
The walls and pavement of polished marble, circled with 
Jorinthian wreath, with pillars, and Kpistols of 
a great Ci 
like workmanship. 
Sandys, Travailes, p. 224. 
[NL. (cf. Gr. ivi 
Epistylis (ep-i-sti'lis), 
^ tov i epistyle), < cm, on, + ori/of, column : see 
'Tietter, epistyle.] A 
genus of pen- 
trichous in- 
fusorians, of 
the family 
Vorticellidai, 
having the 
branched pe- 
dicle rigid 
throughout, 
only the base 
of the body 
contractile, 
the ciliary 
disk axial, 
and no col- 
lar-like mem- 
brane. These 
animalcules 
grow in dendri- 
form colonies, 
forming a zoo- 
dendrium. They 
are campanu- 
late, ovate, or 
pyriform, and 
structurally re- 
semble the or- 
dinary bell-ani- 
malcules of the 
epithalamize 
If I neuer deserue anye better remembrance, let mee 
... be Epitapked the Inuentor of the English Hexame- 
ter. <* llaroey, Foure Letters, etc. (1M)2). 
He is dead and buried, 
And epitapked, and well forgot. 
Lomll, On Planting a Tree at Inverara. 
II. intrans. To make epitaphs; use the epi- 
taphic style. 
The Commons, in their speeches, epitaph upon him. as 
on that pope, " He lived as a wolfe, and died as a dogge." 
Bp. Ball, Heaven upon Earth, 18. 
epitapher (ep'i-taf -er), n. A writer of epitaphs ; 
an epitaphist. 
Epitapheri . . . swarme like Crowes to a dead carcas. 
Nash, Pref. to Greene's Menaphon, p. 14. 
epitaphial (ep-i-taf 'i-al), a. [< epitaph + -i-al.] 
Of or pertaining to an epitaph; used in epi- 
taphs. [Rare.] 
Epitaphial Latin verses are not to be taken too literally. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 16. 
epitaphian ( ep-i-taf 'i-an), a. [< Gr. imraQios, 
adj.: see epitaph.'] Pertaining to an epitaph; 
of the nature of or serving as an epitaph. 
[Rare.] 
To imitate the noble Pericles in his epitaphian speech, 
stepping up after the battle to bewail the slain Severiamis. 
Milton, On Def. of Humb. Remoust. 
epitaphic (ep-i-taf'ik), a. and n. [< epitaph + 
-ic.] I. a. Relating to epitaphs; having the 
form or character of an epitaph. 
Il.t n. An epitaph. 
An epitaphic is the writing that is sette on deade mennes 
tombes or granes in memory or commendacion of the par- 
ties there buried. 
J. Udall, tr. of Apophthegms of Erasmus, p. 221. 
epitaphist (ep'i-taf-ist), n. [X LL. epitaphista, 
< LGr. "cTrtTaijiiaTfif, < Gr. emra^iof, epitaph : see 
epitaph.] A writer of epitaphs. 
genus Vorticel- i/^S'S^^dria'o"' SriS !o=S epitasls (e-pit'a-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. Mraaif, 
of zooids, on an entomostracous crustacean. 
( Two detached individuals at the left are much 
more highly magnified. ) 
la. E. anantali- 
ca is the species 
longest known, 
having been de- 
scribed by Linnicus in 1767 as a species of Vortieetta. It 
is found in fresh water, on water-fleas and other entomos- 
tracous crustaceans, and on aquatic plants. About 20 
species are described, from various sites, as aquatic shells, 
insect-larva?, plants, etc. 
episyllogism (ep-i-sil'o-jizm), n. [< Gr. cm, 
upon, + cv'/.Aayia/i6f, syllogism: see syllogism.] 
A syllogism having for one of its premises the 
conclusion of another syllogism. 
a stretching, increase in intensity, epitasis, < 
cmrdvctv, stretch upon, stretch more, increase 
in intensity, < em, upon, in addition, + reiveiv, 
stretch : see tend 1 .'] 1 . That part of an ancient 
drama which embraces the main action of the 
play and leads on to the catastrophe ; also, that 
part of an oration which appeals to the passions : 
opposed to protasis. 
Do you look . . . for conclusions in a protasis? I thought 
the law of comedy had reserved [them] ... to the catas- 
trophe ; and that the epitaxij, as we are taught, and the 
p>;, elision or synaloephe at the end 
of a verse, < em, upon, in addition, + awaZoi- 
0i?, eynalcephe: see synalcejilie.] In anc. pros.: 
(a) Elision of a vowel ending one line before 
a vowel beginning the next; synalcephe of the 
final vowel of a verse with the initial vowel of 
the verse succeeding it. (6) Union of two vow- 
els in one syllable ; synseresis. 
episynthetic (ep"i-sin-thet'ik), a. [< Gr. emaw- 
ferdf, compounding, < imavvderof, compound : 
see episyntlieton.] In anc. pros., composed of 
cola of different measures or classes of feet; 
compound: as, an episynthetic meter. 
ilagnetick Lady, i. 1. 
How my Uncle Toby and Trim managed this matter 
. . . may make no uninteresting underplot in the epitatis 
and working up of this drama. 
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, ii. 5. 
2. In logic, the consequent term of a proposi- 
tion. 3f. In wed., the beginning and increase 
of a fever. 4. In music, the raising of the 
voice or the strings of an instrument from a 
lower to a higher pitch : opposed to anesis. 
', compound : epitela (ep-i-te'lii), n. [NL., < Gr. em, upon, + 
" "" -* L_ t e ] nt a we b, tissue: see tela.] In anat., the 
thin and delicate tissue of the valvula or valve 
of Vieussens. 
1CLLCU1U. U. Ali VW) UUO lUaGUHKWlUVUU \Ji \jiiv/- . . , % ' . * , f - , . _ . 
rophvl-grains, under the influence of light, on episyntheton (ep-i-sin tlie-ton), .; pi. episyn- It , 3 so thin that it m i g htwell he included with the 
. i c * +Vtt>in /_to\ Pf |-!-T> e-rritTirttHf-rni) (en itf-rnnij moroTl ,.<!...,. t..L,, nn t-^n a*-.*tnlrt 
the surface-walls of cells and on those parts 
of the walls which bound intercellular spaces 
theta (-ta). [< Gr. fmaivBerov (sc. /icrpov, meter), 
neut. of" emavvScTOf, compound, < emawriBivai, 
other telaj as the epitck 
Wilder and Gage, Anat Tech., p. 491. 
cyiuiiO'^aiiiia', " 
i\ ci/cot/i/- epithalamial (ep'i- tha- la' mi- al). a. , 
the epistro- epitaph (ep'i-taf), n. [< ME. epitaphe, < OF. epi- thalamium + -al.] Same as cpiihalamic. 
[< epistro- sures. 
taphe, F. ipitapJie = Sp. epitafio =Pg. epitaphio 
= It. epitaffio, epitafio = D. epitaaf = G. epi- 
I T-v C1 -J. A " f f *-r 
taph = Dan. Sw. epitaf, 
bury. Cf. cenotaph.] 1. An inscription on a 
tomb or monument in honor or memory of the 
dead. 
; (Moore) 
eplstropheal (ep-i-stro'fe-al), a. 
pits us + -al.] Of or pertaining t( 
pheus. 
epistropheus (ep-i-stro'fe-us), n.; pi. epistro- 
phei (-i). [NL., (. Gr. emarpotyei'i;, the first cer- 
vical vertebra, < emaTptyeiv, turn about, < cm, 
upon, + cTpeifieiv, turn.] In anat., the second 
cervical or odontoid vertebra; the axis: so 
called because the atlas turns upon it. 
epistrophic (ep-i-strof'ik), a. [< epistrophe + 
-i}.] Relating or pertaining to epistrophe. 
epistrophize (e-pis'tro-flz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
epistrophized, ppr. epistrophieing. [< epistrophe 
+ -ize.] To induce epistrophe in the chlorophyl- 
grains of. as a plant. 
epistrophy (e-pis'tro-fi), n. [< Gr. emarpo^n, a 
turning about: see epistrophe.] In bot., there- 
version of an abnormal form to the normal one, 
as when the cut-leafed beech reverts to the 
normal type, 
epistylar (ep'i-sti-lar), a. [< epistyle + -ar%.] 
Of or belonging to the epistyle Epistylar arcu- 
atlon, a system in which columns support arches instead 
of horizontal architraves. 
epistyle (ep'i-stil), n. [< L. epistylium, < Gr. 
emarvXiov, epistyle, <em, upon, + <rrt?.0f, column, In wit a " ia ". simplicity a child." '. Chambers. 
style: see style 2 .] In anc. arch., the lower epitaph (ep'i-taf), v. [< epitaph, n.] I. trans. 
member of the entablature, properly of a Greek To commemorate in an epitaph. [Rare.] 
[< epi- 
He [Filelfo] wrote epithalamial and funeral orations. 
Enct/c. Brit., IX. 162. 
/, epitafium, < ML. epi- epithalamic (ep"i-tha-lam'ik), a. [< cpithala- 
, L. ejntaphmm or mitapMw, < Gr. em- hm + _ ic ^ g^^g to or ^ fter t u he manner 
,' \>^\ i !_ 3* intU'/tt i^ ~tu. i itcitbt'ijiti tv \Ji oiiiicj. LAIC; ujtiiiiici. 
(sc. Myoe), a funeral oration, adj. over of an ep ithalamium. North British Rev. 
a tomb < , over at + ra^of a tomb epithalamium! epithalamion (ep'i-tha-la'mi- 
or at a tomo, <. em , over at, -r TOW, a tomo, epi thalamium, epithalamion (ep 
< Arre<v (V *), dispose of the dead, burn or ^ _^ ^ _ ^ V eiM(t la m ia (-&). fL." epitha- 
lamium (neut., sc. carmen), < Gr. eiri6a?.d[tto<:, 
(m., sc. i'/tvofj fern., sc. $$>/), a nuptial song, 
prop, adj., of or for a bridal, nuptial, < c-i, 
After your death you were better have a bad epitaph 
than their [the players'] ill report while you lived. 
Shak., Hamlet, ii. 2. 
2. A brief enunciation or sentiment relating to 
a deceased person, in prose or verse, composed 
as if to be inscribed on a monument. 
An E/iitaph ... is an inscription such as a man may 
commodiously write or engraue vpon a tombe in few verses, 
pithie, quicke, and sententious, for the passer by to peruse 
and iudge vpon without any long tariaunce. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 45. 
One of the most pleasing epitaphs in general literature 
is that by Pope on Gay : 
"Of manner gentle, of affection mild, 
upon, + BaTiaftof, a bedroom, bride-chamber: 
see thalamus:] A nuptial song or poem ; a poem 
in honor of a newly married person or pair, in 
praise of and invoking blessings upon its sub- 
ject or subjects. 
I made it both in form and matter to emulate the kind 
of poem which was called epithalatnium, and (by the an- 
cients) used to be sung when the bride was led into her 
chamber. B. Jousun, Masque of Hymen. 
The booh of the Canticles is n representation of God in 
Christ, as a bridegroom in a marriage-song, hi sin I'l'illxt- 
lainivn. Dinux 1 , Sermons, vii. 
epithalamize (ep-i-thal'a-miz), v. i. ; pret. and 
pp. epitli/iliniti^efl, ppr. epithalaii~ing. [< epi- 
thulitmiiim + -i.e.] To compose an. epithala- 
mium. 
