Erigeron 
Erigeron (e-rij'e-ron), w. [NL., < L. erigeron, 
equiv. to 'senecio, groundsel, < Gr. i/piyipwv, 
groundsel, lit. early-old, so called from its 
hoary down, < ypt, adv., early, connected with 
j/t>of, adj., early, + ytpuv, old, an old man.] A 
genus of composite herbs, nearly related to As- 
ter, from which it is distinguished chiefly by the 
narro wer and usually more numerous ray-florets 
and by the equal and less herbaceous bracts of 
the involucre. There are over 100 species, 70 of which 
are found in North America. They are of little impor- 
tance The horsewced, E. Canadenxix, a native of the 
United States, and widely naturalized in other countries, 
yields a volatile oil, which is used in medicine as a stimu- 
lant. E. Philadelphia^ (the common fleabane of North 
America), E. strigomis (the daisy-fleabane), and K. anmait 
(the sweet scabious) are employed as diuretics. 
erigiblet (er'i-ji-bl), . [< L. erig-ere, erect (see 
erect), + -ible.] Capable of being erected. 
1994 Eriogaster 
ericius a hedgehog: see ericius.'] The typical ble for the long tuft of hairs on the palpi. There 
genus of the subfamily Erinaceince, containing is only one known species, E. mitmla. Guenee, 
the true hedgehogs. There are several species, of 1852. 
which the European hedgehog (E. mrapanu) is the best- EliOCnemlS (er"l-ok-ne'niis), n. [.NL., < Gr. 
- 
. 
known and the most peculiar. All have the power of roll- 
leggin.] ! A genus of 
^ OVj wool, + wiP'ft eggn. genus o 
humming-birds, containing about 18 species, 
Common European Hedgehog (Crinacfiis t 
On each side the base of the tail there is a very strong 
line, . . . eriyible at the pleasure of the animal. 
logy, IV. 378. jiig themselves jnto ft ball| pre9entinK the bristline spines 
in every direction, a process effected by enormously de- 
veloped and complicated cutaneous muscles, by the ac- 
tion of which the animals tie themselves up iu their own 
proper; all existing laeertilians excepting the e ri n 'eunT(e-rin^-um), . ; pi. erinea (-&). [NL., 
chameleons or Bhtptoglossa, They are character- < Gr .^^ wo - oUV) woo len, < ipim; wool, from 
the same root as E. wool, q. v.] An abnormal 
growth of hair-like structures caused on leaves 
by attacks of mites (Acarida), the latter gener- 
ally, perhaps always, belonging to the genus 
Phytoptus. The erinea were formerly consider- 
ed to constitute a genus of fungi. 
eringo (e-ring'go), w. [Sometimes spelled 
tTyngo to suit Eryngium; a corrupt form (cf. 
Sp. It. eringin) of L. eryngion or erynge. See 
if. - -i ^ common name for species of the 
Eriglossa (er-i-glos'a), . pi. [NL., < Gr. ept-, 
a strengthening prefix, + y/Maaa, the tongue.] 
A suborder of Lacertilia, including the lizards 
ized by the flattened tongue, the presence of clavicles 
whenever limbs are developed, contact of the pterygoid 
with the quadrate, and entrance of nasal bones into the 
formation of the nasal apertures. See Rhiptuijlossa. 
Twenty families are combined in the suborder Lacer- 
tilia vera which may be better called Eriglosita. 
Gill, Smithsonian Report, 1885, I. 801. 
eriglossate (er-i-glos'at), a. [< Eriglossa + 
-ate 2 .] Pertaining to or having the characters 
of the Eriglossa or true lizards. 
Erignathus (e-rig'na-thus), n. [NL., < Gr. /-, 
a strengthening preiix, + yvdffor,, the jaw.] A 
genus of earless hair-seals, of the family Plw- 
cidie and subfamily Phocina>. The type is the 
bearded seal, K. uarbatus, a circumpolar species of dark 
.'- 
Bearded Seal (lirignat. 
color and large size, the male sometimes attaining a length 
of 10 and the female 7 feet. The genus is closely related to 
Phoca proper, but differs from it in various osteological 
and especially cranial characters. (Jill, 1867. 
Erigone (e-rig'o-ne), n. [NL.] A genus of 
spiders, of the' family TheridMas, including 
some of the smallest known spiders, the males 
genus Eryngium, especially for E. maritimum, 
which is found in Great Britain on sandy sea- 
shores. Its roots were formerly candied as a 
sweetmeat, and were believed to possess strong 
aphrodisiac properties. 
Let the sky rain potatoes, . . .hail kissing-comflts, snow 
erinyoes. let there come a tempest of provocation. 
Sliak., M. W. of W., v. 5. 
Who lewdly dancing at a midnight ball, 
For hot eriiifjoes and fat oysters call. 
Driiden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, vi. 411). 
erinose (er'i-nos), n. [< Gr. l/u(ov), wool, + 
wioof, disease.] A disease of the leaves of the 
grape-vine caused by a minute acarid, the Pliy- 
toptus vitin. 
Erinys (e-ri'nis), n. ; pi. Erinyes (e-rin'i-ez). 
[L.,less correctly Erinnys (e-rin'is), < Gr. 'E/- 
vif , pi. 'Eptviiff, an avenging deity, in Homer al- 
ways in the plural ; in later poets the number 
is given as three, to whom afterward the names 
Tisiphone, Hegtera, and Alecto became attached. 
They were identified with the Boman Furitc.] 
1. In Gr. myth., one of the Furies: usually in 
the plural, Erinyes. See fury and Eumenides^. 
Mysterious, dreadful, and yet beautiful, there is the _purpqses. 
Copper-bellied Puffleg {Eriocnftnis cHfreeventru}. 
which have downy puffs or muffs about the 
legs, whence the name. Iteichenbaeh, 1849. 
Also Eriopus. 2. In entom., a genus of large 
beetles, of the family Litcanidce, of which more 
than 12 spe- 
cies, from Aus- 
tralia, the East 
Indies, the Mo- 
luccas, and Ja- 
va, have been 
described. 
Eriodendron 
(er*i-o-den'- 
dron),)i. [NL., 
< "Gr. cptov, 
wool, + itv- 
6pm>, a tree.] 
A genus of 
tropical mal- 
vaceous trees, 
including 8 
species, all 
but one Amer- 
ican. They grow 
from 60 to 100 feet 
high, and have 
palmate leaves 
and showy red or 
white flowers. 
From the abun- 
dant cottony cov- 
Pod of Eriodcndron anfractuosu 
ering of the seeds, they are known as silk-atttun trees, and 
the material is used for stuffing cushions and for similar 
.. ~ r , -- JUJTBM9HUUB, ureaulul, cum JGI* uciluljllui, HI 1C ,.~. l .~~~~. ^ 
of which often have curious protuberances or Greek conception of spiritual darkness; of the anger of Eriodes (er-i-6'dez), n. [IsL., < Gr. eptav, wool 
horns on the head, upon the ends of which the '"'" 
eyes may be borne, and maxillee dilated at the 
Erimyzon (er-i-mi'zon), n. [NL., < Gr. ip/-, a 
strengthening prefix, + /ivfrtv, suck.] A genus 
of suckers, of the family Catostomida;. E. sucetta. 
the chub-sucker, is found in most streams of the United 
States east of the Rocky Mountains. D. S. Jordan, 1876. 
See cut under chub-tucker. 
erinaceid (er-i-na'se-id), n. An animal of the Eriocaulonacese (er"i-o-ka-lo-na'se-e), . ;/. 
family Erinaceidw ; a hedgehog or gymnure. 
Erinaceidse (er'i-na-se'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Erinaceus + -idte.] A family of terrestrial in- 
sectivorous mammals, the hedgehogs and gym- 
nures. They have no cmmm, a slight pubic symphysis, 
slender or imperfect zygomatic arches, a skull with a 
small brain-case, no postorbital processes, a triangular 
foramen magnum, flaring occipital condyles, distinct par- 
occipital and mastoid processes, and annular tympanic 
bones. The tibia and fibula are ankylosed above. The 
family contains two very distinct subfamilies, Eritiaceince 
and Giimnuriiue. See these words. 
Erinaceinse (ei--i-na-se-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Eri- 
naceus + -i<E.] The typical subfamily of the 
family Erinaceidiv, containing the hedgehogs. 
They are characterized by a defective palate, a spiniger- 
ous skin, a highly developed subcutaneous muscle or pan- 
niculus carnosus, and the absence of a tail, the caudal ver- 
tebrte being rudimentary. The group contains the genera 
Krinacciix. with several subdivisions, and Atelerix; it is 
widely distributed in the old world, throughout Europe 
and Africa and in the greater part of Asia. 
erinaceous (er-i-na'shius), a. [< L. erinriei'its. 
a hedgehog, prop, adj., pertaining to a hedge- 
hog : see Erinaceus.'] Belonging to the hedge- 
hog family; resembling a hedgehog. 
Erinaceus (er-i-na'se-us), n. [NL., < L. eri- 
naceus, a hedgehog, prop, adj., like the equiv, 
fate, . . . tile anger of the Erinnyex, and Demeter Erin- 
nifn, compared to which the anger either of Apollo or 
Athena is temporary and partial. 
Jiiiskin, Lectures on Art, 151. 
2. [NL.] In zool. : (a) A genus of butterflies, 
of the family Hesperidce, or skippers. As at 
present restricted, it has but one species, E. 
comma. It is usually spelled Erynnis. (b) A 
_genus of trilobites, of the family Proetidai. 
. ..._..... - - t , L 
[NL., < Eriocaulon (the typical genus) (< Gr. 
ipiov, wool, + sat'Aof = L. caulis, a 
stalk: see caul$, caulis, cole 12 ) + 
-acece. ] An order of aquatic herbs 
or marsh-herbs, stemless or nearly 
so, with a cluster of linear leaves, 
and naked scapes bearing dense 
heads of minute monoecious or di- 
oecious flowers. There are 6 genera 
and about 325 species, mostly found in the 
warmer regions of the globe. They are 
known as pipewortft. The principal gen- 
era are Eriocaulon and Ptepalanthux. 
There are a few species found in the Unit- 
ed States, of which Enocauloii septangu- 
lare. occurs also in the west of Ireland and 
in the isle of Skye. and is the only spe- 
cies found in Europe or northern Asia. 
Eriocera (er-i-os'e-ra), n. [NL. 
(Macquart, 1838)',' <' Gr. ipiov, 
wool, + Kepaf, horn.] 1. A genus 
insects, of the fami- 
Pioewort (Erw. 
c ' 
, form.] A genus of South American 
sapajous or spi- 
der-monkeys, of 
the subfamily 
Cebirue and fam- 
ily Cebidff, hav- 
ing the thumb 
more or less ru- 
dimentary. E. 
arachnoiden is 
the leading spe- 
cies. Also called 
Sracliyteles. I. 
Geoffroy, 1829. 
Briodictyon 
(er"i-o-dik'ti- 
on), . ' [NL. (so 
called from the 
woolly, net- 
veined leaves), 
< Gr. epiov, wool, 
+ fiKTvov, a net.] 
A small genus of 
low, evergreen, 
resinous shrubs, 
of the order Hy- 
dropliyUaeeai, found from California to New 
Mexico. The species are said to possess medicinal 
virtues, but their real value is doubtful. Ji. gMtnonu* 
is used as a stimulating expectorant. 
Spider-monkey {Eriodcs arachnoides}. 
ly Tifulidae, or crane-flies, widely Eriogaster (erl-o-gas'ter). n. [NL. (Germar, 
distributed, and containing 6 North American 1811), < Gr. epiov, wool, + yaaryp, belly.] 1. A 
species. E. longicornis is common in eastern genus of bombycid moths, remarkable for the 
parts of North America. 2. Agenusofnoctuid densely woolly apex of the abdomen of the fe- 
moths, of the subfamily Gonepterina;, remarka- male. E. lacuatris is the type. Species are 
