erythrozym 
2001 
ace. )']. of masc. and neut. nouns having orig. 
vowel-stems : see -'A] The earlier form of the 
now more common plural suffix -s, retained 
after a sibilant (like the phonetically similar 
possessive suffix: see -fa 1 ), as in lasses, paces, 
horsm, ri>.ii:t, Ims/us, i-lnirrlus. In iliji.i, foxes, etc. 
:iim- ,-m-ul u n.u in a final silent e, the 
escape 
escallop^ (ps-kal-o-pa 7 ), a. 
iiH tl . 
In Inf., same an 
U'tlrn til'' liiiTiiil 
Ilural snlllx is 
ut It Is hlstor 
cull) 
nflectional 
orthographical!?, as simply *, 
(the nomi native final < being 
n, anil ttie medial ** (in 
ssed by syncope after vowels and non- 
ts), as in dot*, due*, ties, etc., companiet, 
Sand-snake \l--ryxjaculus'. 
Flowering Branch of Krythtvxyton Coca, with leaf on larger scale. 
erythrozym (e-ritU'ro-zirn), H. [< Or. epvSp6f, 
red, + fyfiri, leaven.] A name given to the pe- 
culiar fermentative substance of madder, which 
has the power of effecting the decomposition 
of rubian. 
Erythrus (er'ith-rus), . [NL., < Or. ipvOpfy, 
rod, -\/ *ipvO, *pv8, = E. red, rud.] In entom.: 
(a) A genus of chalcid hymenopterous insects. 
Walker, 1829. (6) A genus of longicorn beetles, 
of the family Cerambyciila:, erected upon certain 
eastern Asiatic forms by White in 1853. 
EryX (e'riks), n. [NL., appar. named from L. 
Eryi, a moun- 
tain in Sicily 
(noviSanGiu- 
liann) : see 
Erycina.] 1. 
The typical 
genus of 
sand - snakes 
of the family 
Eriicida;. E. 
jaculus is a 
European and 
Asiatic repre- 
sentative ; E. 
johni is an 
Indian spe- 
cies. Daudin, 
about 1800. 
2. In entom., a genus of beetles, of the family 
Tenebrionida; : synonymous with Cistella. Ste- 
phens, 1832. 3. A genus of bivalve mollusks. 
Xirtiinson, 1840. 4. A genus of crustaceans. 
Also Erix. 
es 1 , . See ess. 
68- (es), . [GK] In music, Eb Es dur, the key 
of Eb major. Eg moll, the key of Etr minor. 
es- 1 . [ME. es-, as-, < OF. es-, as-, < L. ex-: see 
ex-.] A prefix of Latin origin, being a French 
or other Romance modification of Latin ex-. 
r'.viimples are seen in excheat, eachaufe, etc. Words having 
in Middle English es- have reverted to the original Latin 
ex-. See exchange, exploit, etc. 
es- 2 . [ME. es-, < F. cs-, Sp. Pg. es-, < LL. i'-s- : see 
def .] An apparent prefix, of Romance origin, be- 
ing radical initial s before another consonant, 
preceded by a slight euphonic vowel, as in esca- 
ladc, esquire, especial, estate, estray, of ultimate 
Latin origin, and escarp, eschew, etc. , of Teutonic 
origin, some of which have also forms (original 
or aphetic) without the e-, as scutcheon, squire, 
special, state,stray, etc., while some with original 
(Old French or Middle English) es- have only s- 
in modern English, as scrivener, spiritual,strain, 
etc. This Old French es- In most cases Iwcame later e-, 
modern French <* : see cqueni, ecu. In exchemter this ori- 
ginal es- has become ex-, suggesting falsely a Latin origin. 
-es 1 . [Mod. E. reg. written 's, < ME. -es, -ts, < 
AS. -es: see -.il.] The early form of the pos- 
sessive or genitive case singular, now regular- 
ly written 's, but still pronounced as -es (-ez) 
after a sibilant, namelv, , :, sh, ch (= tsh),j, 
written -dge, -ge (= d:h), x (= A~s), as in lass's, 
/"ice's, horse's, rX hush's, church's, hedge's, 
fox's, etc. (formerly written lasses, paces, horses, 
roses, bushes, churches, linliir.t, foxes, etc.), words 
forced to conform in spelling to other words, 
like boy's, man's, etc. (formerly written boys, 
in/nts, etc.), where the e is actual! v suppressed 
in pronunciation; in Middle English and ear- 
lier the suffix was regularly -es, which still re- 
mains in possessives like horses (Anglo-Saxon 
and Middle English horses), guides (Middle Eng- 
lish yidi-s), now written with the apostrophe, 
like other words, horse's, guide's. See -s 1 . 
-es-. [Mod. E. -es or -s according to preceding 
consonant, < ME. -ex, -is, < AS. -as, nom. and 
126 
II! 
dropped before 
<'*) licing suppr 
sibilant consona 
j\nnllifs, etc., plural of doe, due, tie-, etc., company, 
if !/. and other words In -y, originally -t>. 
-ess. [ME. -es, -s: see -sX] The earlier form 
of -s 3 , the suffix of the third person singular of 
the present indicative of verbs, retained after 
a vowel, as in huzzaes, goes, does, etc. When the 
infinitive ends In silent e, the personal suffix is regarded, 
orthographically, as ainiply -*, but it is historically -es, the 
infinitive -e being dropped before inflectional suffixes, as in 
rueit, endues, etc., dejies, supplies, accompanies, etc., in- 
finitive rite, endue, defy, accompany, etc., the tem)iimtii>n 
!/ being formerly -ie. 
-es 4 . [L. -es, nom. sing. term, of some nouns and 
adjectives of the 3d declension, being usually 
stem-vowel -e- or -- + nom. sing. -s.] The nom- 
inative singular termination of some Latin 
nouns and adjectives of the third declension. 
Examples of such nouns, used in New Latin or 
English, are tabes, pttbes. 
-es 5 . [L. -es, also -is, nom. and ace. pi. of masc. 
and fern, nouns and adjectives of the 3d declen- 
sion, = AS. -os, E. -es, -s : see -es 2 , -s 2 .] The 
nominative plural termination of Latin mascu- 
line and feminine nouns and adjectives of the 
third declension. Examples of such nouns, 
used in New Latin or English, are Arcs, Pisces, 
fasces. 
escalade (es-ka-lad'), n. [Formerly also esea- 
lado; < OF. escalade (also F.), < Sp. Pg. escala- 
da i = It. scalata), an escalade, prop. fern. pp. 
of escalar (= It. scalare), scale, climb, < escala 
= It. scala, < L. scala, a ladder: see scale^.] A 
mounting by means of a ladder or ladders ; es- 
pecially, an assault on a fortified place by troops 
who mount or pass its defenses by the aid of 
ladders. 
In this Time of the Regent's Absence from Paris, the 
King of France drew all his Forces thither, using all 
Means possible, by Encalado, Battery, and burning the 
Gates, to enter the City. Baker, Chronicles, p. 184. 
Sin enters, not by escalade, but by cunning or treachery. 
Bnclrminster. 
escalade (es-ka-lad'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. csen- 
laded, ppr. escalading. [= F. escalader; from 
the noun.] To scale; mount and pass or enter 
by means of a ladder: as, to escalade a wall. 
The Spaniards, by battering a breach In the wall with 
their cannon on the first day, and then escalading the 
inner works with remarkable gallantry upon the second, 
found themselves masters of the place. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, II. 318. 
escalader (es-ka-la'der), n. [= Sp. Pg. esi- 
lador = It. scalatore; from the verb.] One who 
enters a fortified or other place by escalade. 
The successful escaladers opened the gates to the entire 
Persian host. Qrote, Hist. Greece, V. 117. 
escaladot, See escalade. 
escalier-lace (es-kal'ia-las), . [< F. escalier, a 
staircase (< LL. ML. scalare, L. (in pi.) scala- 
ria, a staircase, neut. of L. scalaris, pertaining 
to a stair or ladder: see scalary), + E. lace.] A 
solid or filled-up lace, with small set patterns, 
of squares, made by leaving out two or three 
stitches at a time. 
Escallonia (es-ka-16'ui-a), n. [NL., named 
after Escallon, 
a Spanish trav- 
eler in South 
America, who 
first found the 
species in the 
United States of 
Colombia.] A 
South American 
genus of trees or 
shrubs, of the 
natural order 
Xiij-ifragacea; al- 
lied to the Itea 
of the United 
States. There arc 
about 25 species, 
evergreens, bearing 
panicles of red or 
white flowers. A 
few have been in- 
troduced into culti- 
vation. 
escallop, escalop (es-kol'op), . and r. Same 
as scallop. 
escalloped, escaloped (es-kol'opt), a. In her.. 
represented as covered with escallop- or scal- 
lop-shells: said of the firM; 
also, covered with an imbri- 
cated pattern of curving liiu's. 
Also f^ciitl'fjff, cinnttt i'-f *rul- 
l'ij" tl, cvttntcr-xcalltipt <l . 
escallop-shell (es - kol ' op- 
shel), n. Sec MOBcMMfel ". 
escambio (es-kam'bi-6), . [< 
It. escambio, now scambio (= The FI. ; 
E.exchangi ),< M L.MMMMMM, 
exchange: see exchange.] In Kng. lav, a writ 
formerly granted to merchants to empower them 
to draw bills of exchange on persons beyond 
the sea. 
escapable (es-ka'pa-bl), a. [< escape + -able.] 
Capable of being escaped ; avoidable. North 
British Rev. 
escapade (es-ka-pad'), n. [< OF. and F. esca- 
pade, a prank, trick, frolic, fling of a horse, 
orig. an escape, < It. scappata (= Sp. Pg. een- 
pada), escape, flight, prank, < scapparc, escape : 
see escape. ] 1 . The fling of a horse, or a fit of 
flinging and capering about. 
He with a graceful pride, 
While his rider every hand survey 'd, 
Sprang loose, and Hew Into an escapade ; 
Not moving forward, yet with every Imund 
Pressing, and seeming still to quit his ground. 
Drydcii, Conquest of Granada, t. 1. 
2. A capricious or freakish action ; a wild 
prank; a foolish or reckless adventure. 
There was an almost insane streak In her, showing it- 
self in strange freaks and escapades. 
J. llawthurnc, Dust, p. 135. 
Afore than once I have had to pay for the escapades of 
my horse in snatching up a bunch of spring onions ami 
incontinently devouring it under the nose of the merchant. 
O'Dvnocan, Merv, vl. 
escape (es-kap'). c. ; pret. and pp. escaped, ppr. 
escaping. [< ME. excapen, assibilated eschapen, 
more commonly with initial a, ascapen, aska- 
pen, aschapen, achapen, and by apheresis sc- 
pen (>-mod. scape 1 , q. v.), < OF. escaper, escha- 
pcr, exaper, F. (chopper = Pr. Sp. Pg. escapar = 
It. scappare, escape, prob. orig. ' slip out of one's 
cape or cloak' (with ref. to thus expediting 
flight, or getting away after being seized); < 
ML. cjc capa, ex cappa, out of cape or cloak: L. 
ex, out of; ML. capa, cappa, a cape or cloak: 
see cape 1 , cojie 1 . Cf. It. incappare, invest with 
a cape or cope, fall into a snare, be caught; 
Or. inAieaQai. escape, get away, lit. put off one's 
clothes.] I. intrans. 1. To slip or flee away; 
succeed in evading or avoiding danger or in- 
jury ; get away from threatened harm : as, he 
escaped scot-free. 
Kscape tor thy life ; . . . escape to the mountain, lest 
thou be consumed. Gen. xix. 17. 
All perishen of man, of pelf, 
Se aught escapen'd but himself. 
~ *., Periclet, II., Prol. 
Thieves at home must hang, hut he that puts 
Into his overgorg'd and bloated purse 
The wealth of Indian provinces escape*. 
Camper, Task, i. 738. 
2. To free or succeed in freeing one's self from 
custody or restraint; gain or regain liberty. 
Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the 
fowlers ; the snare is broken, ami we are escaped. 
Ps. cxxiv. 7. 
Like the caged bird escaping suddenly, 
The little innocent soul flitted away. 
Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
= Syn. To abscond, decamp, steal away, break loose, break 
awav. 
II. trans. To succeed in evading, avoiding, 
or eluding ; be unnoticed, uninjured, or unaf- 
fected by ; evade ; elude : as, the fact escaped 
his attention ; to escape danger or a contagious 
disease ; to escape death. 
A small number that escape the sword shall return. 
Jer. xliv. 28. 
Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shall nut 
etcajx. calumny. Shot., Hamlet, lii. 1. 
How few men escape the yoke, 
From this or that man's hand. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 220. 
escape (es-kap'), . [< escape, r. Also, by 
apheresis, scajtc: see sra^e 1 , n.] 1. Flight to 
shun danger, injury, or restraint; the act of 
fleeing from danger or custody. 
I would hasten my escaj* from the windy storm and 
tempest. P*. Iv. 8. 
2. The condition of being passed by without 
receiving in jury when danger threatens; avoid- 
ance of or preservation from some harm or in- 
