esodlc 2005 especially 
,r,A ., i,., I ,.,,i-rl- afferent- Hilid of <<- numberless modifications of relative size, of shape, fishes, typical of the /><.,/./.', formerly used in 
tothebrainaiicUiuM.il UD Krectuw, md podtton. Unr often pwiwitoipeoUadl- a v ,. rv roinprelieiiMve sense, inoludiiiK repre- 
,-erlMin nerves. . lUUonuUi crop or craw ol I, .,. Is, ami it* lower end, gentu (i veso f divert- families, but now restrict- 
,,* membrane of tlie intestines; enteritis. W^'JEtt *** 
eSOgastritiS (i;s>o-gas-tri'lis), n 
Mo, within, + ijnalrilix, < 
IP|' tlie iniu'Ous membrane 
trills. 
esonarthex (es-o-niir'tlieks), . 
| 
M tis), . I NL,., v ur. j; SO pj an . see .Kxnpian. 
, q. v.] Inflammation E sop i c (r-sop'ik), ,/. Same as JEsopiaii. 
ue of the stomach; gas- esol ! edia j; e (6-so-re'di-at), a. [< L. c- priv. + 
are two, the outer being called the exonarthex. 
The i:inmtfllii.r O|K-IIS on to the church by nine doors, 
t,, (hi- i-MinarthU i>y live. 
J. M. XraU, Eastern Church, i. 245. 
esophageal, oesophageal (o-so-faj'o-al), ._ [< 
Mimliinii + -atel.] In licheiiology, without sore- 
Ur. eero, ^j a . no ^ gr^mim.. 
[< Gr. cap- 
ita opposite tfo- 
thin (see eso-), + 
>o\rm**. MMW x ^~ y .- -- j i *- t Ulifc , 11UL illttliuiili 
'""". + '""'".- ,"'> ..... " rt r exterior portico esoteric (es-o-ter'ik), a. and... [< 
of a Greek church: see imi-,/;j-.r.J In the tr. fo ner . pro b. nre t suggested by it 
r/,., t In. inner narthex or vestibu e, when there ^ ejoterio) ; < Mo, withi 
rtpof , compar. suffix. + -MCOJ.] I. a. 1. Liter- 
ill y, inner: originally applied to certain writ- 
ings of Aristotle of a scientific, as opposed to 
cies. Also called Lucius. See cut und _ 
espadon (es'pa-don), . [Sp. (> F. etpodon), = 
li. x/iiKlinir, atig. of HfMiiln = OF. rxjin . V . /"' , 
a sword: see .v/,m/ ' und sptiili-.] A kind of 
two-handed sword used by infantry in the fif- 
teenth century and later. See xpailum . 
(es-pal'yer), n. [< F. espalier, I ormer- 
irr <n\t. identical with epauliere, q. v.), 
, a support for the shoulders, back 
tc.), espalier (= 8p. espaldera, es- 
= Sp. Pg. expalda = Ol 
i, the shoulder, < L. spatula, a 
' In 
, 
<f n 
,,,. l( / e ' 
J _' 
gs of Aristotle of a scientific, as opposed to broa ,i p j eee) a blade: see epaule, spatula.} 
a popular, character, and afterward to the se- horticulture : (a) A trelliswork of various forms 
cret or acroamatie teachings of Pythagoras; on which the branches of fruit-trees or -bushes 
i'M'l>lia"in.t, N 1 1, ii-xii/ilmi/iix see Moptayw.] Per- hence, in general, secret ; intended to be com- ftre exten ded horizontally, in fan shape, etc., in 
taining or relating to the esophagus: as, eso- municated only to the initiated; profound. & sm gi e p i anei with the object of securing for 
I glands Eaophageal fold. () One of the There grew up, In the minds of some commentators, a tne p i ant a freer circulation of air as well BH 
ordinary lengthwise folds or i -idges of the esophagus when supposition of exoteric doctrine as denoting what Aristotle t- . fh 
*.,. ,_, u. ."I , i_ji_*i i.n ....... ...i , . ;, i ..,..., i,.. i .,..<.. i uetier exposure* 10 me euu. 
promulgated to the public, contrasted with another secret 
or mystic doctrine reserved for a special few, ami denoted 
by the term esoteric; though this trm Is not found in use 
before the days of l.neian. I believe the supposition of a 
double doctrine to be mistaken In regard to Aristotle ; 
nndisteudcil. (l>) The lip of the special esophageal groove 
of ruminants. Esophageal glands, numerous small 
compound racemose crypts or follicles of the esophagus, 
as oi man, lodged in the sul. mucous tissue and opening by 
excretory ducts upon the mucous surface of the tube. In uuu .,. u uv *....~ . . 
some cases, as of birds, they are highly specialized and but it is true as to the Pythagoreans, and is not without nlant trained on such a trellis or 
yield a copious milky fluid used to feed the young, as those some colour of truth even as to Plato. Urote. >} A tree or pla on su 
of the, -nip of pigeons. This secretion i, called pi^m, He ijoseplms) fancied himself to have learned all, whilst system. Trees trained as espaliers are n 
- -' ''-'- -' fact there were secret ,,teric classes which he had not jected to such abrupt variations of temperatun 
O blackbird ! sing me something well : . . . 
The enpalier$ and the standards all 
Are thine ; the range of lawn ami park. 
Tennymn, The" Blackbird. 
milk The remarkable proventricnlar glands of birds, of 
similar character, yield a digestive fluid like gastric juice. 
Esophageal groove. See the extract, and rumination. 
A groove (ifsophaiienl groove) which leads from the (esoph- 
agus into the reticulum, and is shut olf by a valvular pro 
in _. 
so much as suspected to exist. 
De Qttincey, Secret Societies, li. 
When there exist two distinct explanations, or state- 
ments, about the signification of an emblem, the true one 
as wall-trees. 
Behold Villario's ten yeam' toil complete, 
His arbors darken, his jxi<ir* meet. 
Pope, Moral Essays, Iv. SO. 
. , , 
from the ttrst two divisions of thestoinach, represents eo(i-fc, and known only to the few, the other exoteric, -I/,,A,\ / rtrvnalirritl To 
llu . orre i tt and known to the many, it is clear that a time espalier (es-pal yer), V. t. ier, . 
't 
that portion of the oesophagus which has entered inti 
the formation of the stomach and formed the first two 
portions of that organ by bulging out on one side. 
tiegmbaitr, I'onip. Anat. (trans.), p. 559. 
Esophageal opening or orifice, the hole In the dia- 
phragm through which the gullet passes with the pueu- 
mogastric nerves. - Eaophageal ring, in Inoertebrata. 
a circlet of commissnral nerves around the anterior part 
of the alimentary canal, con- 
necting the cerebral or pre- 
oral ganglia with the ventral 
ganglionic chain. It is a usual 
structure in annelidous, arthro- 
podous, and many other inverte- 
brate animals, but varies greatly 
in its details. See cerebral. Also 
known as eiioyhayeal </>< mi'- 
furex, iifrve-rtn<l, nertv-ivnta- 
gon (iu echinoderius), etc. Eao- 
phageal teeth, certain enam- 
eled processes of the backbone 
which project Into the gullet of 
serpents of the subfamily Dayy- 
esophagean, oesophagean 
(e-so-faj'e-an), a. Same 
as esophageul. 
esophagotomy, oesopha- 
gotomy (e-sof-a-got'o- 
con7e"wiien tiie Bret "may be'l'ost, and the last alone train on or protect by an espalier, as a tree or 
remain. T. Ininaa, Symbolism, Int., p. vili. trees. 
The religion of Egypt perished from being kept away esparcet (es-par'set), M. [< F. esparcettf, es- 
from the people, as an etntrric system in the hands of ltarce t < SD esnarcfta, sainfoin ; cf. Sp. esjMir- 
prlests. J. F. Clarke, Ten Great Religions, i | 7. I 2fam, both dim!, appar. < esparcir, OSp. 
2. In embryol., endoblastic. See the extract. ea p ar gir, scatter, < L. spargcre, scatter : see 
[Rare.] sparse.] Akindofsain- 
An upper layer of cells differentiated from the lower, an . 
esoteric as contrasted with an exoteric layer, the represen- I. - niir'tS) 
tatives of these being respectively the apicals and basals in espano tes par w>, n. 
the earliest stages of the Calcispongia;, and in later stages [< Sp. esparto, < it. gpar- 
the endoblast and eetoblast. turn, <. Gr. anapTOV. also, 
Hyatt, 1-roc. Host. Soc, -Vat. Hist., 1884, p. 91. mor ' e common l y> a ^ a ,,TOf, 
II. M. 1. An esoteric doctrine. [Rare.] a broom-like plant, com- 
As to what esoterics I have vented, such as the fonnda- prising, it is said, both 
tlon of moral duties upon self-interest ; the corporeity of Spartiunt junccum and 
mental organs ;. . . these seemed necessaryjo compleat sti]M te ,, aeissima ; a l so 
a regular system. A. Tucker, Light of Nature, V. II. 6. 
2. A believer in esoteric doctrines. 
esoterical (es-o-ter'i-kal), a. [< esoteric + -al.] 
Same as esoteric. 
~ : esoterically (es-o-ter'i-kal-i), adv. In an eso- 
teric manner. 
esotericism (es-o-ter'i-sizm), n. [< esoteric -t and /,u tfeMTO Spartum of 
-it.] Esoteric doctrine or principles; devo- botanists, and especial- 
tion to or inclination for mysticism or occult- 
ism. Also esoterism. 
esoterics (es-o-ter'iks), H. [PI. of esoteric: see 
-/<.] Mysterious or hidden doctrines; occult 
sion intotheeso"phagus,as g science. 
for the purpose of removing any foreign sub- esoterism (es'o-ter-izm), . [< rsotcr(ic) + 
stance that obstructs the passage. -ism.] Same as esotericism. 
mi), H. . , s !t . m 
eSOphagU8, + ro/iq, a CUt- cnwous 
ting.] In sura., the oper- 
ation of making an inci- 
Esophageiil Kin,,'. 
Anterior end of nervous 
''olyHof, a poly- 
neltd, showing, 
ue 
'{f thc "' "> <* 
g 
applied to the common 
broom: see Spartium.'} 
A name given to two or 
three species of grass, 
the Macrochloa (Stipa) 
tenacissima, M. arenaria, 
ly to the first, which 
is abundant in northern 
Africa. The others are 
found in Spain and Portugal, 
and elsewhere in southern 
Europe. From esparto are manufactured printing-paper, 
cordage, shoes, watting, baskets, nets, mattresses, sacks, 
Esparto-Grasseh. 
I, 4. stalk and fruit of Macro- 
ckloa Itnacissima. a, 3, 5. 
stalk, flowering stem, and fruit 
of Ijfffum SfartMtn. 
esophagus, O3sophagus (e-sof 'a-gus), n. [< esoterist (es'o-ter-ist), n. [< csoter(ic) + -int.] es p ar to-grass (es-par'to-gras), n. Same as 
NL. oesophagus, < Gr. oiao^ijof, the gullet, lit. An esoteric philosopher, aa an occultist or a fll partn. 
pv. + xpa- 
having a 
drink pass to the stomach. 
In man the esophagus 
ould adapt their subjects to their 
is a musiMiloineinbi anous tube about nine inches long, ex- 
, 
at the cardiac orifice of the stomach. ojijM^iU 1 the ninth 
dorsal vertebra. It is nearly straight, but has a slizlit 
curvature both anteroposteriorly :unl laterally. Its sur- 
u-iral relations are very important, esix-cially in tin neck. 
^ophagns has two principal eoat~s. The muscular 
i-i.;it is eompini'il of l\vo plane's of rontraetili- tilieis. tin- 
outer longitudinal and the inner circular. They are con- 
tinuous above with libers of the inferior constrictor f the 
pharynx. The muscles in the upper partof the esophagus 
are red and in part a> least striped, but below are pate, 
unstriped, and "involuntary." The mucous coat is in- 
ternal, continuous with that of the pharynx above ami the 
stomach below. It is thick, of a reddish color above and 
paler !>.-!.. . .lis|h.se,l in longitudinal folds or plira-. wliii-h 
disappear on disteution. Its surface is studded with nii- 
nilte papilla 1 ami invested throughout with stratilied pave 
ment epithelium. The mucous and iniisrul arena! s are loose- 
ly connected with eaeh other by a layer of connective tis- 
sue, sometimes described as the nreolar cnat, between 
which and the mucous membrane is a layer of longitudinal 
unstriped muscular fibers called tlie imuwtaril mttcnta. 
Mi. t-soph.i'.'iis is well supplied with glands called at- 
Cartilaginous Cranium of the Pike (Esox luciitt], with its intrinsic 
ossifications. 
CJtJft JHI1*-* B"" BUWH 0| '/" t Ut'.J vr* < 
kind; distinguished from others of the same 
class or kind; particular; eminent; principal; 
chief: as, in an especial manner or degree. 
Abraham, the father of the faithful, and etpecial friend 
of God, was called out of his country, and from his kin- 
dred, to wander in a strange land. 
Bamir, Works, III. viii. 
Take etverial knowledge, pray. 
Of this dear gentleman, my absolute friend. 
Fletcher (and another 1 !), Mce Valour, L L 
In especial, especially. [Archaic.) 
With grete wronge and a-geiu right do the harouns of 
this londe a-gein hym werre, and in pMM the! that 
ought hym to love and holde moste dere. 
M, rlin (E. E. T. S.), il. 190. 
In etpecial all officers to dyne with the olde malre. 
Engluh QUdt (E. E. T. S.), p. 418. 
= SyTL See tjiecial. 
ittra'Tin. and mouM). in lower aummis uu eBopnagu as ic; />,. pterotic : no, < 
, eaiial from the mouth or fauces to the stomach, under- notd ; AS, aiu^hcnoid 
-/, top view; ff, side view: I', ftff, exits of trigeminal and of aju. *" m/ ...... 
pncumogaslnc nerves; 3, small ossifications in the rostn.ro; .V. .V. oonpriallTT I ps-nesh'al-iV adf. [(. JfK. eXIK'Cial- 
; /^inte^italscptun . eth,,,,,, ; f ( . /,pre- eSpeCially^S ^W U.^ ^ L .^ ^^ 
particuUirly ; principally: chiefly; peculiarly: 
. . ( whi,l, ,-,-, a,,,, m ,n,s ,.,,- ,n,,,;,, r , dia- S^^'piSiSSr^ScS ^."epS' ,' &. Z&SZ- ly'Tc^cial 4- -ly^ 
phrapm. and BHW<k> III lower animals the esophagus ; as ic . p, p Kro ,i c ; HO. eoccipitat ; SO, basioccipital ; SS, baslsphe- 
