essonier 
essonier (o-so-nia'), n. In her., a diminutive of 
the orle, having usually hulf it* width, 
essonite (cs'o-nit.), M. Same as lif.iainiili . 
essorant (cs'u-raut), . [< F. <..<;<//, ppr. of 
essarer, soar: ne'ii ximr.] In her., about to soar : 
said of a bird, especially an eagle, standing with 
the winga luted up us if about to rise on the 
wing. 
est't, a. and . A Middli) English form of cant. 
est'-t, estet, [ME., < AS. est (= OFrios. eat, 
< nut = OS. rtii.v< = OIK i. ini.it = Icel. <is( = Goth. 
awt), grace, favor.] Grace ; favor. 
As y yow Hay, he Goddys tut ! 
Rom. of Syr Tryamoun (ed. llalliwell), 1. 1416. 
-est 1 . [ME. -eat, < AS. -<, -os, -ost, -st = OS. 
-i*t, -ost = OFries. -int, -ost, -cut = D. -est = 
MLG. LG. -< = OHG. -ist, -ost, MHG. -wt, -et, 
G. -est = Icel. -sfr, -astr = Sw. -<wi = Dan. -est 
= Goth, -ist, -ost = L. -iss-imus (regarded, with- 
out much probability, as an assimilation of 
*-ist-imus: for the additional suffix -mu-s, see 
former 1 and -most) = Gr. -rrof = Skt. -inlitliti ; 
a superl. suffix, of the orig. form *-yas-ta, being 
the compar. *-yas, E. -cr 3 , + -ta, E. -th in ordi- 
nals, etc.: see -cr a , and -th 3 -fttfl. The suffix 
appears as -st in some contracted forms, as best, 
erst, first, last, least, most, worst, next (for ME. 
nehst), obs. lieit (for ME. hehst).] A suffix of ad- 
jectives, forming the superlative degree, as in 
coldest, deepest, yreatext, biggest, etc. See -er s . 
-est 2 . [ME. -est, < AS. -est, -ast, -st = OS. -in, 
-os = OFries. -est, -st = D. -est, -st = MLG. LG. 
-est, -st = OHG. -is, MHG. -es, -est, G. -est, -st = 
Icel. -r, -ar = Goth, -is, -os, -eis = L. -is. -as, -cs 
= Gr. -at, -eif = Skt. -si, prob. orig. identical 
with the second personal pronoun, Gr. <ri> = L. 
tu = AS. thu, E. thou : see thou. Cf. -cifts, -e*3.] 
The suffix of the second person singular of the 
present and preterit indicative of English verbs, 
often syncopated to -st : as, present singest or 
singst, doest or dost, hast, etc., preterit sangest, 
su>u/est, thoughtcst or thoughtst, diddcst or didst, 
hadst, etc. Its use in the preterit of strong verbs is 
comparatively recent ami is rare (the auxiliary construe- 
lion thott didst sing, etc., being used instead); and, owing 
to the disappearance of thou in ordinary speech, its use in 
either tense is now confined almost entirely to the lan- 
guage of prayer and poetry. 
establet, . A Middle English form of stable*. 
Chauivr. 
establish (es-tab'lish), r. (. [< ME. establissen, 
< OF. establiss-, stem of certain parts of establir, 
F. etablir (cf. D. etablisseren = G. etablircn = 
Dan. etablere = Sw. etablera) = Pr. establir, 
stablir = Sp. establecer = Pg. estabelecer = It. 
stabilire, establish, < L. stabilire, make stable, < 
stabilis, stable : see stable' 1 : Hence, by aphere- 
sis, stablish, q. v.] 1. To make stable, firm, or 
sure; appoint; ordain; settle or fix unalterably . 
I will estaUish my covenant with him for an everlasting 
covenant. Gen. xvii. 19. 
king, establish the decree. Dan. vi. 8. 
Tin country being thus taken into the king's hands, his 
majesty was pleased to rxtabliith the constitution to be by 
.governor, council, and assembly. 
Betvrlry, Virginia, i. f 53. 
2. To put or fix on a firm basis; settle stably 
or fixedly; put in a settled or an efficient state 
or condition; inceptively, set up or found: as, 
his health is well established; an established 
reputation; to establish a person in business; 
to establish a colony or a university. 
He (Stephen] got the Kingdom by Promises, and he Es- 
tablish'd it by Performances. Baiter, Chronicles, p. 40. 
As my favour with the Bey was now established by my 
midnight interviews, I thought of leaving my solitary 
mansion at the convent, llrnce, Source of the Nile, I. 39. 
A government was to be established, without a throne, 
without an aristocracy, without castes, orders, or privi- 
leges. /(. Hcbiter, Speech, Feb. 22, 1832. 
3. To confirm or strengthen; make more sta- 
ble or determinate. 
So were the churches established in the faith. 
Acts xvi. 5. 
llii we then make void the law through faith? God for- 
bid : ^ li*h the law. Kom. iii. 31. 
1 pray continually, that (toil will please to establish your 
heart, untl Mess these pood beginnings. 
n'inthron. Hist, New England, I. 407. 
4. To confirm by affirmation or approval ; sanc- 
tion; uphold. 
Kvery vow, and every liindinj; oath to afflict the soul, 
her husband may MtaNM it. or her husband may make 
it void. Num. xxx. 13. 
5. To make good: prove: substantiate; show 
to be valid or well grounded : cause to be rec- 
ognized as valid or Ir^'al : cause to be accepted 
as true or as worthy of credence : as, to estub- 
2009 
link one's claim or one's case ; to establish a mar- 
riage or a theory. 
For they, . . . going al>out to establish their own right- 
eousness, have not submitted themselves unto the right- 
eousness of God. Horn. \. ;;. 
The certainty of them [ miracles) was so well ataUishrd 
and transmitted to after-ages as that no fair, impartial 
considerer should be able to doubt of It. 
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. 1. 
6. To fix or settle permanently, or as if perma- 
nently : with a reflexive pronoun. 
From that period Sir Giles bad established himte(f in 
what were called the " state apartments." 
Barhant, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 17. 
The ability of the English to rtlublish themeelvet In 
New England In spite of the objections of the original in- 
habitants, was tested in a serious manner twice, ami only 
twice. M. C. Tyler, llit. A HUT. Lit., I. 147. 
7. To settle, as property. 
We will establish our estate upon 
Our eldest, Malcolm. Shale., Macbeth, I. 4. 
Established church. See church. =Syn. 2. To plant, 
constitute, organize, form, frame. 
establisher (es-tab'lish-er), n. One who es- 
tablishes, in any sense. 
God being the author and establisher of nature, and the 
continual sustainer of It by his free providence. 
Barrow, Works, II. xx. 
I reverenced the holy fathers as divine establishers of 
faith. Lord Digby. 
establishment (es-tab'lish-ment), n. [< OF. 
establixsement, F. etablissement (= Sp. estable- 
eimieiito = Pg. estabelecimento ; cf. It. stabili- 
mento), < establir, establish: see establish and 
-ment.] 1. The act of establishing, ordaining, 
confirming, setting up, or placing on a firm ba- 
sis or sure footing ; the act of settling or fixing 
permanently, or of proving, substantiating, or 
making good: as, the establishment of a factory; 
the establishment of a claim. 
Linnecus, by the ettablishment of the binomial nomen- 
clature, made an epoch in the study of systematic botany. 
0. I',: ui Intnl. Euphorbiaceic, p. 193. 
This establishment or discovery of relations we natur- 
ally call it establishment when we think of it aa a func- 
tion of our own minds, discovery when we think of It as 
a function determined for us by the mind that U in the 
world is the essential thing in all understanding. 
T. U. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, i 132. 
2. A fixed or settled condition ; secured or cer- 
tain permanence ; fixity or certainty. 
There he with Belgffi did awhile remalne . . . 
Untlll he had her settled in her raine 
With safe ossuraunce and establishment. 
Spenser, F. Q., V. xi. 35. 
Whilst we set up our hopes and establishment here, we 
do not seriously consider that God has provided another 
and better place for us. Abp. Wake. 
3. Fixed or settled order of things ; constituted 
order or system, as of government; organiza- 
tion. 
Bring in that etablifhment by which all men should Ira 
contained in duty. Spenser, State of Ireland. 
4. Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence; 
income; salary. 
His excellency, who had the whole disposal of the em- 
perour's revenue, might gradually lessen your establish- 
ment. Swtft. 
5. That which has been established or set up 
for any purpose. Specifically (n) A permanent civil 
or military force or organization, such as a fixed garrison 
or a local government: as, the king has establishments to 
support in the four quarters of the globe. (6) An organ- 
ized household or business concern and everything con- 
nected with it, as servants, employees, etc. ; an institu- 
tion, whether public or private : as. a large establishment 
in the country ; a large iron or clothing establishment ; a 
hydropathic or water-cure establishment. 
However, Augusta has her carriage and establishment. 
Charlotte Bronk, Villette, vL 
6. The authoritative recognition by a state of 
a church, or branch of a church, as the national 
church ; the legal position of such a church in 
relation to the state ; hence, also, the religious 
body thus recognized by the state, and main- 
taiued and more or less supported as the state 
church : especially used of the Church of Eng- 
land and the Church of Scotland. See estab- 
lished church, under church. 
The essence of an Establishment seems to be that it is 
maintained by law, which secures the payment of its 
endowments, accruing from the soil, or produce of the 
country. Bp. Chr. Wordsworth, Church of Ireland, p. 296. 
The church is accepted by the state as the religious body 
in England which is the legitimate possessor of all proper- 
ty set apart and devoted to religious uses, except the rights 
of some other religious body be specially expressed. . . . 
Its righta are carefully guarded by law. . . . This position 
of the church towards the state is called its Establishment. 
It has arisen not from any definite act of parliament or 
the state, but from the gradual interpenetration of the 
state by the church, and from their having mutually grown 
up together. Encyc. Brit., VIII. 380. 
estate 
7. The quota or number of men in an army, 
regiment, etc.: as, a poaoc ixinlili.iliiin-nt Es- 
tablishment of the port, the mean inteiTal between 
the time <if hitfh water at any given port anil the time of 
the moon's passing !ti< m- ri>lian immediately preceding. 
This interval is Influenced by local circumstances, an< I 
eqnently Is different at different places. For New York 
the establishment is 8 hours 13 minutes. 
establishmentarian (es - tab ' lish - men - ta ' ri - 
an), a. and n. [< ettiililinlniii-iil + -arian.J I. 
a. Pertaining to or connected with an estab- 
lished church, or the doctrine of establishment 
in religion. [Rare.] 
II. M. An upholder of the doctrine of the 
recognition of a church by the state and its 
maintenance by law. [Bare.] 
establishmentarianism (es-tab'lish-men-ta'- 
ri-an-izm), n. The doctrine or principle of 
establishment in religion; support of an es- 
tablished church. [Rare.] 
Kstabluhmentarianitm, all the more grateful for its 
"linked sweetness long drawn out," was, however, wont, 
no doubt, to roll over the prelatial tongue as the most 
savoury of polysyllables. /'. Hull, Mod. Eng., p. 44. 
estacade (es-ta-kad'), . [< F. estacade, < Sp. 
Pg. eslacada (= It. steccata, stcccato), a paling, 
a palisade, < estacar, stake, inclose with stakes 
set in the ground, < estaca = It. stecca = OF. 
estaque, estache, a stake, of LG. origin: see 
stake.'] A dike formed of piles set in the sea, 
a river, or a morass, and connected by chains, 
to check the approach of an enemy. 
estadal (Sp. pron. es-ta-dal'), n. [Sp.] A 
Spanish long measure, equal to 12 feet of Bur- 
gos, or 10 feet 11.6 inches English. The older 
statement which makes it exceed 11 feet is incorrect. In 
Peru the estadal is equal to only 6 Peruvian feet, or 5 feet 
7 Inches English. 
estafet, estafette (es-ta-fef), n. [< F. estafette 
= Sp. Pg. cstafeta, < It. staffetta, a courier, < It. 
staffa, a stirrup, < OHG. stapho, stauh, MHG. 
stapf, a step, = E. step, q. v.J A military cou- 
rier; an express of any kind. 
An eitafet was despatched on the part of our ministers 
at the Hague, requiring Marshal Bender to suspend his 
march. Sir P. Boothby, To Edmund Burke, p. 84. 
estallt, v. t. [ME. ; var. of stall, or enstall, in- 
stall.] To install. 
She was translated eternally to dwelle 
Amonge sterres, where that she is entailed. 
MS. Digby, 230. (Hallimll.) 
estamin (es-tam'in), n. [< OF. estamin, esta- 
mine, F. etamine, bolting-cloth: see etamine, 
In mill, taminy, tammy, stamin.~\ A woolen stuff 
made in Prussia, used for cartridges, sackcloth, 
plush caps, etc. ; tammy. Simmonds. 
estaminet (es-ta-me-na'), " [f ., of unknown 
origin.] A cheap coffee-house where smoking 
is allowed; a tap-room. 
Frequenters of billiard-rooms and estaminets, patrons 
of foreign races and gaming-tables. Thackeray. 
We scrambled ashore anil entered an estatninet where 
some sorry fellows were drinking with the landlord. 
A'. L. Steofnsvn, Inland Voyage, p. 31. 
estancia (es-tan'si-a), n. [Sp. Pg., = E. stance, 
q. v.] A mansion; a dwelling; an establish- 
ment; in Spanish America, a lauded estate; a 
domain. 
We stopped for a time at Mr. Bolt's large ettancia, 
where . . . the traces of the ravages of the locusts were 
only too visible. Lady Bratsey, Voyage of Sunbeam, I. vi. 
estate (es-taf), " [< ME. estat, < OF. egtat, F. 
etat = Pr. estat, stat = Sp. Pg. estado = It. 
stato, < L. status, state, condition: see xinti; 
which is partly an aphetic form of estate.'] 1. 
A fixed or established condition ; a special form 
of existence ; state. 
I gin to be a-weary of the sun, 
And wish the estate o' the world were now undone. 
Shale., Macbeth, v. 5. 
2. Condition or circumstances of a person or 
thing; situation; especially, the state of a per- 
son as regards external circumstances. 
I will settle you after your old estat ff. F.zek. \xxvi. 11. 
The congregated college have concluded 
That labouring art can never ransom nature 
From her inaidable estate. Shak., All s Well, ii. 1. 
Dost thou look back on what hath been, 
As some divinely gifted man, 
Whose life in low estate began 
And on a simple village green? 
Tennyson, In Memoriam, liiv. 
Thou, O Most Compassionate : 
Who didst stoop to our estate. 
Whittier, My Dream. 
3. Rank; quality; status. 
Who hath not heard of the greatness of your estate ! 
Sir P. Sidny. 
