Esthonian 
of Finland on the north and Livonia on the 
south. 
A ( icrman aristocracy, with German traders in the towns, 
rilled over a peasantry of the Jixtlmiiiun, Lettish, and Lith- 
uanian races. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLI. 325. 
II. . 1. One of a Finnish people inhabiting 
Esthonia, Livonia, and other districts of Bus- 
sia. 2. The language of the Esthonians. it be- 
2012 
Commissioners of estimate and assessment. 
estoppel 
lent, see estivation, aestivation (es-ti-va'shon), /. [= 
i"r: *! = Sp. /,*,, < L. as' if ,,- 
cyan, 
matio = Sp. estimacion = Pg. estimactto = It. es- 
tiniazionc, stimazione, < L. aistimatio(n-), a valu- 
ation, < a'stimare, value: see estimate, esteem.] 
1. The act of estimating; the act of judging 
tcstirare, pass the summer: see esti- 
1. The act of passing the summer. 
On the under storey, towards the garden, let it be turned 
to a grotto, or place of shade, or estivation. 
Bacon, Building (ed. 1887). 
Specifically 2. In zool., the summer sleep of 
longs to the Finnish family, and exists under two principal something with respect to value, degree, quan- ; . ta \,\ ,,?{:'. <, w >"" -is"" 
dialects, the [>..rpat Esthonian and the. Kcval I'.sthonian. titv pto certain animals, as mollusks ; the act of fallin 
dialects, the Dorpat Esthonian and the Eeval Esthonian. 
esthophysiology, aesthophysiology (es"tho- 
fiz-i-ol'o-ji), . [Short for *esthesiopliysiology, 
*aistheisiop1iysiology, < Gr. aladijai^, perception 
' 
tity, etc. 
Dear as freedom is, and in my heart's 
Just estimation priz'd above all price. 
into a more or less permanent condition of 
sleep or dormant state in summer. 3. In hot., 
( _ ^ ^ vi ^ u Cvwper, Task, ii. 34. prefloration ; the disposition of the parts of a 
(see esthetic). + E.' physiology.]' ThiTphysioio- 2. Calculation; computation; especially, an flower in the bud. 
gy of sensation ; that branch of science which approximate calculation of the worth, extent, estiveH, aestivet, [< L. cesttonu, of summer, 
treats of the correlation of phenomena of con- quantity, etc., of something; an estimate: < (estas (cestat-), summer, akin to a:stus, fire, 
sciousness and nervous phenomena; nervous as, an estimation of distance, magnitude, or heat, glow, surge, tide (> ult. E. estuary, estu- 
ate), to Gr. <zi%>, the upper air (> E. ether*), 
attioc, fire, heat, and AS. ad, funeral pile, dst, a 
kiln (> E. oast), etc. ; from the verb repr. by Gr. 
aWeiv, glow, Skt. y 7 idh, kindle.] Of summer; 
of glowing heat. 
phenomena treated as phenomena of conscious- 
ness. 
jEstho-physioloyy\ia& a position that is entirely unique. 
It belongs neither to the objective world nor to the sub- 
jective world, but, taking a term from each, occupies it- 
self with the correlation of the two. 
//. Spencer, Priii. of Psychol., 52. 
estiferous, sestiferous (es-tif'e-rus), a. [< L. 
amount, of moral qualities, etc. 
The Tolle and the Custom of his Marchantes is with- 
outen C8t}/macioun to ben nombred. 
Mitiuleuille, Travels, p. 149. 
If the scale do turn 
But in the estimation of a hair, 
Thou diest, and all thy goods are confiscate. 
Shak., M. of V., iv. 1. 
m^ra^VH0| C^OUIAOJ. \j iir iw nu c-i uai, i. - ftji o T I ii p 
tfstus, heat (see estivel), + fc'rre, = E. bear! 3 - , In .'', the process of ascertaining by 
analysis the quantity of a given substance con- 
-ous.] Producing heat. Coles, 1717. 
Auriga mounted in a chariot bright 
(Else styl'd Heniuchus) receives his light 
In th' aistive circle. 
lleywood, Hierarchy of Angels, iii. 
estimable (es'ti-ma-bl), a. and n. [< F. esti- tamed ma compound or mixture. 4. Opinion 
mable = Pr. Sp. estimable = Pg. estimavel = It. or Judgment m general; especially, favorable 
estimabile, stimabile. < L. cestimaUlis, worthy of P mi n held concerning one by others ; esteem ; 
.^L' j.; f j. .. _ '_ .. rpfrnrn rmtiAr 
estimation, < a'stimare, value, esteem : see esti- 
mate, esteem.] I. a. 1. Capable of being esti- 
mated or valued: as, estimable damage. 2*. 
Valuable ; worth a price. 
A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, 
Is not so estimable, profitable, neither, 
As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. 
Shale., M. of V., i. 3. 
f 
A lady said of her two companions that one was more 
amiable, the other more estimable. Temple. 
He now . . . found that such friends as benefits had 
gathered round him were little estimable. 
Goldsmith, Vicar, iii. 
Jesus was always more tender with the Sadducees than 
with the Pharisees. He evidently regarded an honest 
sceptic as more estimable than a ritualist. 
Damon, Nature and the Bible, p. 185. 
Il.t n. That which is valuable or highly es- 
teemed ; one who or that which is worthy of re- 
gard. [Bare.] 
The Queen of Sheba, among presents unto Solomon, 
brought some plants of the balsam tree, as one of the pecu- 
liar estimables of her country. Sir T. Broiime, M isc. , p. 50. 
estimableness (es'ti-ma-bl-nes), n. The char- 
acter of being estimable ; the quality of deserv- 
ing esteem or regard. 
estimably (es'ti-ma-bli), adv. In an estimable 
manner; so as to be capable of being esti- 
mated. 
regard; honor. 
of desert. Sir /'. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie. 
I shall have estimation among the multitude, and hon- 
our with the elders. Wisdom viii. 10. 
Tacitus, in the obscure passage in which he describes 
the apportionment of the land, mentions the dignatio, or 
estimation of the individual, as one of the principles of 
partition. 
5f. Conjecture; supposition; surmise. 
I speak not this in estimation 
As what I think might be, but what I know 
Is ruminated, plotted, and set down. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., i. 3. 
= Syn. 2. Appraisement, valuation. 4. Estimate, Regard, 
etc. (see esteem); admiration, reverence, veneration. 
estimative (es'ti-ma-tiv), a. [Formerly also 
'., = Sp. estiva = It. i 
i ; from the verb, F. esti- 
', It. stivare, pack : see sieve.] 
estivoust, a. [ME. estyvous, < L. a'sticus, of 
r: see estire 1 , estival.] Of summer; sum- 
mer-like. 
It wol moost avannce 
In landes that beth estyvotis for heete 
The flgtree latly riping forto gete. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 124. 
9 ''in VI me | 'I M I i I | Hi Ul r i \ / * 
Stubbs, Const. Hist , 14. estoct (es-tok'), n. [OF., < G. stock = E. stock: 
see stock, n., and cf. tuck"*.] A sword used for 
thrusting, especially a second sword carried by 
knights in the middle ages. In some cases it was 
worn in place of the dagger at the right side, in others 
attached to the saddle, while the sword of arms was at- 
tached to the belt or armored skirt of tile knight 
iStocadet (es-to-kad'), n. [F. (after Sp. Pg. es- 
tocada = It. stoccata), < estoc, a sword: see es- 
aistimative ; = F. cstimatif '= Pr. estimatiu = Pg. toc ; <<* 2 -] In the latter part of the sixteenth 
cstimativo = It. estimative, stimativo; as esti- " ent ^ 1 7' / , a heavy rapier: so called to distin- 
mate + -ive.] 1. Having the power of estimat- 
ing, comparing, or judging. 
The errour is not in the eye, but in the estimative facul- 
it from the swords used more for cutting 
and for breaking through steel armor than for 
thrusting. The term continued in use through- 
ty, which mistakingly concludes that colour to belong to ou t the seventeenth century for a thrustiug- 
thewallwhich indeed belongstotheobject. Boyle, Colours, sword of any sort. 
We find in animals an estimative or judicial faculty. estoile (es-toil' ), n. 
Sir M. Hale, Orig. of Mankind. 
2. Meditative; contemplative. [Bare.] 
Phantasie, or imagination, which some call (estimative, 
[Also etoile, OF. estoile, F. 
etoile, a star, < L. xtella, a star : see stellate.] In 
her., a star, usually having six 
points, and then distinguished 
or cogitative, ... is an inner sense which doth more from the mullet in having the 
f ully examine the species perceived by common sense, . . . ravs wavv instead of strain-lit 
and keeps them longer, recalling them to mind againe or wf 
,!,; *.!_ -.."^ ' " \\ lien it hiis niori; than KI\ nmnt tli*-v 
making new of his owne. li-urton, Anat. of Mel., p. '23. 
estimate (es'ti-mat), v. 
mated, ppr. estimating. [< L. -sfe'wa<*,*pp. of = Sp. Pg. estimador = It. estinuitore, stimatore, 
(BStimare, older form aistumare, value, rate, es- < L. (estimator, < cestimare, value, estimate : see 
teem : see esteem.] 1. To form a judgment or estimate.] One who estimates or judges, 
opinion regarding the value, size, weight, de- 
gree, extent, quantity, etc., of; compute, ap- 
When it has more than six points they 
are either all waved or more usually 
t.-, pret. and pp. esti- estimator (es'ti-ma-tor), n. [= F. estimateur alternately waved and straight. The 
number of points must always be 
mentioned in the blazon when it ex- 
ceeds six. Also etoile. Estoile of 
four points, in her., same as cross 
Yet if other learned men, that are competent estimators, 
. profess themselves satisfied with them, the proba- 
Gules, an estoile ar- 
gent. 
praise, or value by judgment, opinion, or ap- tionsma y yet be cogent. Boyle, Works, IV. 175. 
proximate calculation; fix the worth of ; judge; estinto (es-ten'to), a. [It. (< L. extinctus, ex- 
reckon. tinct), pp. of estinguere, < L. extinguere, extin- See cro * sl - 
g[uish : see extinct, extinguish.] In music, ex- estop (es-top'), f. t. ; pret. and pp. estopped, 
estoile (which see, under cross>). 
estoile (F. pron. es-two-la'), a. 
pp. of estoiler, set with stars, < estoile, a star: 
see estoile.] In her., like a star. cross estoile'. 
[OF. estoile', 
There is so much infelicity in the world, that scarce any 
an has leisure from his own distresses to estimate the com- 
parative happiness of others. Jolauon, Rambler, No. 103. 
man has leisure from his own distresses to estimate the com- tinguished : noting the extreme of softness in PP r< ^^tjtinff. [< OF. estoper, estouper, stop 
I > -UTl^l* tr.-r*r S,r*s,.' t *" '- " 
piano-music. 
John of Salisbury's acquaintance with Roman literature estivage (es'ti-vaj), n. 
estivar, pack: see Steve.] 
cargoes by pressing or screwing by means of 
estirer = Sp. 
My belief is that, as years gather more and more upon 
us, we estimate more and more highly our debt to preced- 
Gladstone, Might of Right, p. 13. 
2f. To esteem; honor. 
A man . . . estimated by his brethren. 
with tow, impede, cram, F. etouper = OSp. es- 
topar = It. stoppare, < ML. stupare, stop with 
tow, cram. From the same ult. source, through 
* "'., comes E. stop: see stop.] To bar; stop; 
capstan machinery, in order to trim the vessel: debar ; specifically, in law, to bar, prevent, or 
practised in American and Mediterranean ports, preclude, usually by one's own act. See estoppel. 
Also called estive. 
-_ , estival, aestival (es'ti-val) a. [= F. Pr. Sp. 
Hoffman, Course of Legal Study (2d ed., 1836), p. 196. "g- estival = It. estlvale, < LL. a'stivalis, equiv. 
Syn. Value, Prize, Esteem, etc. (see appreciate); to to L. cestivus, of summer: see estive^-.] Per- 
count, judge, appraise. 
estimate (es'ti-mat), n. 
[< estimate, v.] 1. A 
taming or appropriate to summer. 
Beside vernal, estival, and autumnal, . 
the ancients 
actness is not sought or is not attainable. 
Let us apply the rules which have been given and take 
an estimate of the true state and condition of our souls. 
Sp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. xii. 
Shrewd, keen, practical estimates of men and things. 
W. IHack 
'Tis as different from dreams, 
From the mind's cold, calm estimate of bliss, 
As these stone statues from the flesh and blood. 
llmming, In a Balcony. 
2f. Estimation; reputation. 
There stands the castle ; 
In it are the lords of York, Berkley, and Seymour 
None else of name and noble estimate 
Shak., Rich. II., ii. S. 
A man shall always be estopped by his own deed, or not 
permitted to aver or prove anything in contradiction to 
what he has once . . . solemnly avowed. 
Blaekitone. Com., II. xx. 
The President of the United States ... is a politician, 
chosen for but four years to the highest office open by- 
election to man, and conventionally estopped, at least in 
modern times, from essaying any other line of public pre- 
ferment after leaving the presidential office. 
The Century, XXXV. 964. 
judgment or opinion as to the value, degree, had also hyemai garlands. Sir T. Browne, Misc., "p. ^ 
extent, quantity, etc., of something; especially, Occident estival, Orient estival. See the noun's. 
a valuing determined by judgment, where ex- estivate, sestivate (es'ti-vat), v. i. ; pret. and 
is not sniierht r.r is t ottoi^oui^ pp . egtirctted, cegtirated, ppr. estimating, cestivat- estoppel, estopple (es-top'el), n. [Formerly 
ing. [< L. asstivatus, pp. of wstivare (> Pr. es- ? lso es . to P el < estople; < estop, v.] 1. Stoppage; 
tivar = F. estiver), pass the summer, < aestivus, lm pediment. 
of the summer: see estire 1 .] 1. To pass the sum- J 5 "* estoplesol water courses doe in son-x places grow 
, as in a given place or in a given manner l' y such , mean ?. as " e private man or two cannot by 
rt .-2. fn zol, to pass intf or remain in ' rce m "* m ""^A, 
the summer sleep, as some mollusks; be dor- 
mant in summer. 
They [certain mollusks] also cestioate, or fall into a sum- 
mer sleep, when the heat is great. Miiller. 
, Surveiors Dialogue (1610). 
? In ' aw > ;. he Bopping of a person by the law 
6 ^ a fact r elalm ; irrespective of 
, by reason of a previous representa- 
lts 
The curious Binneia, with a body much larger than its tl ? n act > Or adjudication inconsistent there- 
shell, envelopes itself, in attivatimg, in a case ^f materials 
similar to the hibernacula of other land shells. 
Science, IV. 366. 
If a tenant for years levies a fine to another person, it 
shall work as an estoppel to the eognizor. Blarkxti'iir. 
