estoppel 
Estoppel by deed, cstopp. ! re-suiting from the execution 
,,f an fiistnimeiit uiidrr mil. Estoppel by record, es- 
I,,,,,,. 1 i, mltinK from an adjudication^* court of record. 
Estoppel en pals, or equitable estoppel, estoppel 
resulting from conduct or words und.-r circumjtan, >> m, 
,1,-riiw ii Inequitable to allon tl.< party t withdraw from 
tl,, position taken; thus. h-iv the claimant of property 
nasal 1 l>v and allow, . I It to lM sold M Hi,' propein " 
another without ol,j,-,'lion. the law holds him MtOpptd 
from i'r','laiiniiu:it from tin- l,iij'i-r. 
estoufade -s-tr>-fad'), . [< OF. ettouffade, 
F <ti>in)'(ttl<'. < OF. fttouffer, F. ciouffcr, stifle, 
choke, suffocate: see *//.] In cookery, 
of stewing meat slowly in a closed vessel, 
estovers (es-to'ver/.), ii. i>l. [< OF. cstovcr, es- 
torrir. i-stiirnir, rKli-niir, i-xtarnir, MMMMT, etc., 
need, necessity, necessaries, being a substan- 
tive use of the inf. caterer, estoroir, etc., be 
necessary, be fit. Hence, by apheresis, stover, 
a. v.] In law : (a) So much of the wood and 
timber of the premises held by a tenant as may 
be necessary for fuel, for the use of the tenant 
and his family, while in possession of the prem- 
ises, and so much as may be necessary for keep- 
ing the buildings and fences thereon in suit- 
able repair. Bingliam. See hotel, 2 (6). (b) 
The right which the common law gave a ten- 
ant to take such wood, (c) In a more gener- 
al sense, supplies, as alimony for a wife, or 
supplies for the use of a felon and his family 
during his imprisonment.- Common of estovers. 
estrad'e '(es-trad'), . [F., < Sp. Pg. estrado, a 
drawing-room or guest-chamber, its carpets, 
etc., = Pr. estrat = It. strata, floor, pavement, 
carpet, etc., < L. stratum, a pavement, floor, 
bed-covering, couch, etc.: see stratum and 
street. ] An elevated part of the floor of a room ; 
a raised platform or dais. 
He [the teacher) himself should have his desk on a 
mounted ettrade or platform. 
J. 6. Fitch, Lectures on Teaching, p. 69. 
estradiot (es-trad'i-ot), n. [< OF. estradiot = 
Sp. cHtradiote = It. stradiotto, < Gr. erparturrK 
a soldier : see stratiotes, stradiot.] A soldier of 
a light cavalry corps in the Venetian service 
and in the service of other European countries 
in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The 
estradiots were recruited in Dalmatia, Albania, etc. ; they 
wore a semi-oriental dress, and carried javelin, bows and 
arrows, etc. Also stradiot. 
Accompanied with crosse-bowe men on honebacke, , - 
tradioti, and footmen. Gamines, tr. by Danet, sig. M 3. 
estraitt, ' ' [Var. of strait, v.] To narrow or 
confine ; straiten. 
So that at this day the Turk hath estraytfd us very nere, 
and brought it within a right narrow compass. 
Sir T. More, Dialoge, p. 145. 
estramagon (es-tram'a-son), n. [F., < It. stra- 
maz'one, a cut with a sword, gash: see strama- 
20KH, stramash.] 1. A long and heavy sword 
for cutting as well as thrusting. 2. That part 
of the edge of a cutting-sword which is near the 
point. 3. A cut with the edge of a sword: a 
tenn in sword-play. [Rare in English in any 
2013 
In troth, there conlcl hardly l>e found a more efficient 
device for ettraiirrin-i men from i-ai-li other, and decreas- 
ing their fellow.'feeiing, than this system of state-alms. 
jjffiag, //. S/H-itcer, Social Statics, p. 351. 
3 To keep at a distance; withdraw; with- 
hold : generally used reflexively. 
Had we ... eitranyed ourtetvet from them in things 
indifferent, who s-th not how greatly prejudicial tills 
nielli havcl>ceii to so good a cause ? 
Hooter, Eccles. Polity. 
I thus eitranjt my person from her bed. Dryden. 
We must estrange our belief from everything which is 
not clearly and distinctly evidenced. GlanmlU, Seep. Sci. 
4f. To cause to appear strange or foreign. 
.Sure they are these garment* that ettranye me to you. 
B. Jonton, Challenge at Tilt. 
i 
estranget, and [< ME - estraunge, < OF. 
estrange, F. Grange = Sp. extraflo = Pg. estranlio 
= It. estraneo, estranio, straneo, stramo, < L. ex- 
trawus, foreign, outside, < extra, without: see 
extraneous, extra. Hence, by apheresis, strange, 
q.v.] I. o. 1. Foreign; strange. 2. Reserved; 
haughty. 
His highe porte and his rnanere estraunge. 
Chaucer, Troilus, i. 1084. 
II. . A stranger; a foreigner. 
Y Is to sey y' noil ttrannge bey or selle w< any oder 
mtrainvies any maner marchandises wythyn y fraunches 
of the same cite vpon pcyne of forfeturof y' same mar- 
chandise. Charter of London, in Arnold's Chron., p. 39. 
estrange (es-tranj'), * 5 P ret - and PP- *J- 
tnnigeil, ppr. Fxtranninij. [< OF. estranger. F. 
i'ti-it'niii-1- (= I'r. fstrimhar = Sp. eitraHar = Pg. 
estranhar = It. straniare, stranare), alienate, 
< OF. estrange, adj., strange: see estrange, a.] 
1. To alienate; divert from its original use or 
possessor ; apply to a purpose foreign to its ori- 
ginal, proposed, or customary one. 
They . . . have e*traiyied this place, and have burned 
incense in it unto other gods. .'er. xix. 4. 
2. To alienate the affections of; turn from 
kindness to indifference or enmity; turn from 
intimate association to strangeness, indiffer- 
ence, or hostility. 
I believe that our estranged and divided ashes shall 
unit,, a^aiii. >' /'. /''<"''"'. IMi'jio Medici, i. 48. 
Will you not dance? How come you thus eistranii'd ' 
Shak.. I.. L. 1.., v. '_. 
All sorts of men. by my successful arts, 
Abhorring khms. rstrnn : ir their alter'd hearts 
From David's rule. Hrwtcii. Ahs. and Achit., i. 290. 
estrangedness (es-tran'jed-nes), n. The state 
of being estranged. 
Disdaining to eat with one being the greatest token of 
eitrangednexs or want of familiarity one with another. 
Prynne, Vind. of Four Questions (1645), p. 2. 
estrangefult (es-tranj'ful), a. [< estrange, a., 
+ -ful.] Strange; foreign. 
Over these they drew greaves or buskins, embroidered 
with gold and interlaced with rows of feathers ; altogether 
enttrangeful and Indian-like. 
Beaumont (and othen\ Mask of the Middle Temple 
[and Lincoln s Inn. 
estrangement (es-tranj'ment), n. [< estrange 
+ -mcnt.] The act of estranging, or the state 
of being estranged, in any sense of that word. 
Deiires . . . by a long enstrangement from better things, 
come at length perfectly to loath, and By off from them. 
South, V orks, II. vi. 
estranger (es-tran'jer), n. One who estranges. 
Browning. 
estranglet (es-trang'gl), v. t. [< OF. estrangler, 
straiigle : see strangle.] To strangle. Golden 
Legend. 
estrapade (es-tra-pad'), H. [F., estrapade (see 
def.), also strappado, < It. strappata, a pull- 
ing out, wringing, strappado, < strappare, pull, 
wring, tear off, break : see strappado.] In the 
manege, the action of a horse that tries to get 
rid of his rider by rearing and kicking. 
estrayt (es-tra'), [< OF. estrayer, estrater, 
stray: see astray and stray.] To stray. 
How much from verity this age estrays. 
Itiddleton, Micro-Cynicon, i. 1. 
estray (es-tra'), n. [< estray, v.] 1. A tame 
beast, or valuable animal, as a horse, ox, or 
sheep, which is found wandering or without an 
owner; a beast supposed to have strayed from 
the power or the inclosure of its owner, in law- 
it implies that the owner is unknown, wherefore the com- 
mon law gave the ownership to the sovereign. In other 
than legal usage the more common form is stray. 
The king had a right to ... estrayt valuable ani- 
mals found wandering in a manor the owner being _ un- 
known alter due proclamation made in the parish church 
and two market towns next adjoining to the place where 
they were found. S. Douxll, Taxes in England, I. 25. 
Then the sombre village crier, 
Ringing loud his brazen bell, 
Wandered down the street proclaiming 
There wa an ettray to sell. 
Longfellow, Pegasus in Pound. 
2. Figuratively, anything which has strayed 
away from its owner. 
Our minds are full of waifs and clra./ which we think 
are our own. 0. W. /lolmet, Old Vol. of Life, p. 287. 
estuarine 
eftrat = It. cstratto), < cxtraire (F. extraire), < 
L. eitrahere, draw out. extract : see ejctray, ex- 
irin-t. I In I-'.HII. laic, an extract or a copy of a 
writing; u ciTtilied extract from a judicial rec- 
ord, especially of a fine or an amercement im- 
posed by court. 
'I'ln- said commissioners are to make their ettrral* as ac- 
customed of peace, and shall take the ensuiiiR oath. 
Hilton, Article! of Peace with the Irlrii. 
The commissioners were to amerce severely all rebel- 
lious orilisoliedient jurors and bailiffs of the king or lords 
of lllwrties who should neglect to attend and to assist and 
obey them, causing the ettreat* of the amercements to be 
sent into the exchc<iut r. 
S. Domtt, Taxes In England, I. 55. 
Clerk of the estreats, a clerk charged with recording 
estreats in the Engllih Exchequer. The office was abol- 
ished by 3 and 4 Win. IV., c. 98. 
estreat (es-tref), r. t. [< estreat, n.] In hng. 
law : (a) To extract or copy from records of a 
court of law, as a forfeited recognizance, and 
return to the Court of Exchequer for prosecu- 
tion. 
How he grides upon some promising ettray, and makes 
the most of it 1 SUdman, PoeU of America, p. 31 
estreH, [ME- . state > condition, < OF. estre, be- 
ing, state, condition, etc.. prop. inf. estre, mod. 
F. etre, be, < L. esse (LL. 'essere, > 'estere, > 
OF. estre), be: see am (under be 1 ) and essence.] 
State; condition. 
What schal I telle unto Sflvesbre, 
Or of your name or of your ettre t Qowcr. 
Porus the kyng had will with the mestre 
To wito of Alisaundres estre ; 
To wlte his estre and his beyng 
Crete wille had Porus the kyng. 
King Alitaunder, I 5466 (Weber's Metr. Rom., I.). 
estreat, estreet, . [ME., < OF. eslree, stree, 
strae, a way, road, passage, F. dial. (Norm.) e 
In'-,- a paved road, a street, < L. strata (sc. via), 
a paved road, a street : see street, of which estre* 
is a doublet,] Away; a passage: usually in the 
plural: applied to the various passages, turn- 
ings, etc., of a house, garden, etc. 
The estrei of the grisly place, 
That highte the grete temple of Mars in Trace. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1113. 
Than aede a grom of Orecc in the gardyn to plele, 
To lii-hold the estrei and the herberes (arbors] so faire. 
Will in 1,1 "f ralerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1768. 
estreat (es-tref), . [< OF. estret, estrait, es- 
trrile (F. extrait), an abstract, extract (= Pr. 
If the condition of such recognizance be broken, .. . 
the recognizance becomes forfeited or absolute ; and being 
entreated or extracted (taken out from the other records, 
and sent up to the Exchequer), the party and his sureties 
are sued for the several sums in which they are re- 
spectively bound. Blaelrstone, Com., IV. xviii. 
(6) To levy (fines) under an estreat. 
The poor . . . seem to have a title, as well by Justice as 
by charity, to the amerciamenU that are entreated upon 
trespasses against their lord. 
Bm.ile, Against Swearing, p. 112. 
Estrelda (es-trel'dS), M. [NL., also Estrilda 
(Swainson, 1827), Astrelda, AstriMa.} A genus 
of small conirostral oscine passerine birds, 
based on the Loxia astrilda of Linnwus, com- 
monly referred to a subfamily SpamutUna, of 
the family Ploceida; and held to cover a large 
number of African species. 
Estremenian (es-tre-me'ni-an), a. and n. 
Sp. EstremeKo, an inhabitant of Estremadnra, 
-I- -tan.] I. a. Belonging or relating to Estre- 
madura. 
U. n. A native or an inhabitant of the an- 
cient province of Estremadura in Spain, 
estrepe (es-trep'), r- '; P ret - and PP- estreped, 
ppr. estrcping. f < OF. e streper = Pr. estrepar, 
waste, ravage, destroy, < L. extirpare, exstir- 
pare, root out, uproot : see extirpate.] In lair, 
to commit waste or destruction, to the dam- 
age of another, as by depriving trees of their 
branches, lands of their trees, buildings, etc. 
estrepement (es-trep'ment), n. [< OF. cstrepe- 
ment (ML. estrepamenttim), a wasting, waste, 
< estreper, waste : see estrepe.] In lair, spoil : 
waste ; a stripping of land by a tenant, to the 
prejudice of the owner writ of estrepement, 
an ancient common-law process to prevent waste. 
estrich, estridge (es'trich, -trij), n. [Early 
mod. E. var. forms of ostrich : see ostrich.] It. 
An ostrich. 
Let them both remember that the estridge dlsgesteth hard 
yron to preserve his health. Lyly, Eiiphues, sig. N 4, b. 
All plum'd like eitrulyei that with the wind 
Bated like eagles having newly bath d. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., Iv. 1. 
The brains of peacocks, and of eitrichei, 
Shall be our food. B. Jonmn, Volpone, III. 6. 
2. The commercial name of the fine down of 
the ostrich. Brande, Diet, of Sci., Lit., and Art. 
E-string (e'string), ii. In a stringed instrument, 
a string which is tuned to give the note E when 
open; specifically, the smallest and highest 
string of the violin ; the chanterelle. 
estrot, ' 
f, n. [< L. oestrus, < Gr. oiorpoc, a gadfly : 
see oestrus.] 1. An oestrus; a gadfly. Hence 
2, Any violent or irresistible impulse. Xares. 
But come, with this free heat, 
Or this same ertrv, or enthuslasme 
(For these are phrases both poetical). 
Will we go rate the prince. 
Marston, The Fawne, II. 
estuancet, . See cestuanee. 
estuantt, a. [ME. estuant, < L. a>*tuan(t-)s, ppr. 
of (estuare, burn, glow: seeestnatt.] Burning; 
glowing. 
Yitleve a litel hool out* atte to brethe 
Thaire heetes estuant forto alethe. 
Palladia*, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 202. 
estuarian (es-tu-a'ri-an), a. [< estuary + -an.] 
Same as estuarin?. 
estuarine (es'tu-a-rin), a. [< cstuar-y + -ine\.] 
1. Of or pertaining to an estuary; formed in 
an estuary. 
Beds of red clay with marly concretions, which from 
their mineralogical resemblance to the overlying Pampean 
formation seemed to indicate that at an ancient period 
the Rio Plata had deposited an ettuarine formation. 
Darwin, Oeol. Observations, Ii. 367. 
