etching 
the ordinary etching-ground and tallow, or, In summer, of 
t WM tiiini . nf the Ikr.st and one third of tne second, im Itr.l 
together, which, whin cooled, is rolled Intu balls wrappi it 
iii silk. After lajlng tin- Kroiindandsmoklngit lightly, a 
I'ii -i -r of thin paper \\ith a j.'r:iiii is l;ti<l upon it, on whiell 
11 design is draw n with n lead-pencil. As the varnish at- 
tarhes itself tn the paper in proportion In 111'- pressure nf 
the hand, when the paper is lifted the lines liaeed by the 
peneil me excised upon the plate, and when, bitten in 
will yield a faesimile impression of the design. 
etching-ground (ech'ing-ground), n. The var- 
nish or coating used in otchiug to protect the 
surface of the metal plato from the action of the 
mordant. A n ordinary ground it made of 2 ounces of nat- 
ural or Egyptian aiplialtum, li ounces of virgin wax, and 
1 ounce of Burgundy pitch. These ingredients are melte.l 
over a slow tire, thoroughly compounded, and, while still 
plhint, rolled intu balls for use. A transparent gRNBd 
for retouching is made of b parts of white wax, to which, 
when melted, 3 parts of gum mastic in powder hnve been 
added ; or of 1 ounce of resin and a ounces of wax, set to 
simmer over a lire in a glazed pipkin ; or of turpentine 
varnish with a small quantity of oxid of bismuth. 
etching-needle (ech'ing-ne"dl), n. A sharp 
instrument of steel for tracing outlines, etc., 
on plates to bo etched. Needles for use in etching 
proper are sharpened perfectly round and are of several 
degrees of fineness ; those used in etching with the dry- 
point are sharpened on a flat hone but not strapped, so aa 
to produce a cutting angle on one side of the point. 
etching-point (ech'ing-point), n. A steel or 
diamond point employed hi etching ; an etch- 
ing-needle. 
eteopolymorphism (et*e-o-pol-i-m&r'fizm), n. 
[< Gr. tTcof, true, + E. polymorphism.'} True 
polymorphism. [Rare.] 
eteostic (et-e-os'tik), n. [With last syllable 
accom. as in acrostic, a. v. ; prop. *eteostich, < 
Gr. eroc (Ireo-), a year, + o-ri^of, a line, a verse.] 
A chronogrammatical composition ; a phrase or 
piece the numeral letters in which form a date; 
a chronogram. 
eterio, . See hetcerio. 
etermmablet (e-ter'mi-na-bl), a. [< L. e- 
priv. + E. terminable. Of. interminable.] With- 
out end; interminable. Skelton. 
etern, eterne (o-tern'), a. and n. [< ME. eterne, 
< OF. eterne = Sp. Pg. It. eterno, < L. tetenuu, 
everlasting, eternal, contr. of "ceviternus, (with 
suffix -turnus) (. axum, older mom, an age, eter- 
nity, = Gr. aluv ("a'tF&v), an age () (eon, eon): 
see age, ay 1 , eon.] I. a. Eternal; perpetual; 
everlasting. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
Now be welle ware that thou have not misdrawe 
Hire tendir gougthe fro God that is eterne. 
Lydgatc, MS. Soc. Ant., 134, fol. 6. (HaUimll.) 
But in them nature's copy 's not eterne. 
Shot., Macbeth, ill. 2. 
O thou Eterne by whom all beings move ! 
W. Browne, Britannia's Pastorals, I. 4. 
A library . . . full of what Lamb calls " Great Nature's 
Stereotypes," the eterne copies that never can grow stale 
or unproductive. J. T. Fields, Underbrush, p. 8. 
II. ii. Eternity. Cltaucer. [Obsolete or ar- 
chaic.] 
eternt, eternet, v. t. [< etern. a. Ct. eternish.1 
To make eternal or immortal. 
O Idiot's shame, and Envy of the Learned ! 
O Verse [Psalms of David] right-worthy to be byetemed ! 
O richest Arras, artificial! wrought 
With liueliest Colours of Conceipt-fnll Thought ! 
Siili;'*tfr, tr. of Dn Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Trophies. 
eternal (e-tcr'nal), o. and . [<ME. eternal, eter- 
nall (witn the simple form eterne : see etern), < 
OF. etcrncl, F. kernel = Pr. Sp. Pg. eternal = 
It. cternale, < LL. (eternalis, < L. tfternus, ever- 
lasting, eternal: see etern.] I. a. 1. Existing 
without beginning or end of existence; exist- 
ing throughout all time. 
To know whether there is any real being whose dura- 
tion has been / > mil. Locke. 
2. Having a beginning but no end of existence 
or duration; everlasting; endless; imperish- 
able : as, eternal fame. 
He there does now enjoy eternal! rest. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. Ix. 40. 
Thus did this holy ordinance which God had instituted 
for the refreshing of their bodies, the instruction of their 
soules, and as a type of (eternal happiness, vanish into a 
smoky superstition amongst them. 
Pure/lag, Pilgrimage, p. 123. 
3. In a special metaphysical use, existing out- 
side of all relations of time ; independent of all 
time-conditions ; not temporal. 
For there were no days and night* and months and years 
before the heaven was created, but when he created the 
heaven he created them also. All these are the parts of 
time, and the past and future are created species of time, 
which we unconsciously but wrongly transfer to the . t> / 
nal essence ; for we lay indeed that he was, he is, he will 
be, but tlie truth is that "he is" alone truly expresses 
him, and that "was" and 'will be ' are only to le spoken 
of generation in time. 
Plata, TimtDus (trans, by Jowctt), I 38. 
2016 
4. By hyperbole, having no recognized or per- 
ceived end of existence ; indefinite in duration ; 
perpetual; ceaseless; continued without inter- 
mission. 
Thenceforth eternall union shall be made 
r.etweene the nations different afore. 
Spenser, F. g.. III. III. 49. 
The summer is here eternal, caus'd by the natural and 
adventitious heate of the earth, wariu'd through the sub- 
terranean fires. Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 7, 1845. 
The sound the water made, 
A sweet ettnutl murmur, still the same. 
Bryant, Sella. 
Eternal generation, in theol., the communication of the 
divine essence from God the Father to God the Son. The 
Catholic, orthodox, or Trinitarian doctrine Is that God the 
Son, being truly God equally with God the Father, Is ex. 
istent from all eternity to all eternity, and that accord- 
ingly God has always existed as Father and as Son, so that 
the divine act of generation Is Itself eternal, that is, never 
had a beginning and can never have an end. This doctrine 
is opposed to the Allan teaching that "there was (a tlme| 
when he (the Son] waa not," and that "before being begot- 
ten he was not." As involving paternity and filiation, the 
act by which the Son proceeds from the Father Is distinc- 
tively called begetting or generation, while that by which 
the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father (according to 
John xv. 26 and the terminology of the Eastern Church), 
or from the Father and the Son (in the language of West- 
ern theology), is called procession simply, or distinctive- 
ly spiration. Byn. Eternal, Everlasting, Immortal, Per- 
petual; interminable, perennial, imperishable. Eternal 
primarily means without beginning or end, but secondar- 
ily without end ; everlasting properly means lasting from 
the present to an endless future. Both eternal and ever- 
lasting are peculiarly associated with the divine being or 
function. Immortal applies to that which cannot or will 
not die : as, "immortal nate." Milton, P. L., 1. 104; "mar- 
ried to immortal verse," Milton, L' Allegro, L 137. It Is 
sometimes applied to God (1 Tim. i. 17). Perpetual points 
to the future, and applies especially to that which is es- 
tablished: as, a perpetual covenant, desolation, feud. It 
is freely applied to anything that lasts indefinitely. All 
the four words are often used by hyperbole for that which 
has long duration. See incessant. 
What can It then avail, though yet we feel 
Strength undiminish'd, or eternal being, 
To undergo eternal punishment? 
Milton, P. L., i. 155. 
Those summer seas, quiet as lakes, and basking in ecer- 
lasting sunshine. DC Quincey, Homer, i. 
Some, for renown, on scraps of learning dote, 
And think they grow immortal as they quote. 
Young, Love of Fame, 1. 80. 
Their time seems to have been consumed in & perpetual 
struggle with the sea, which they had not yet learned to 
confine with dykes and embankments. 
C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist., p. 51. 
II. n. 1. That which is everlasting. [Rare.] 
AH godlike passion for eternals quench'd. Young. 
2. Eternity. [Bare.] 
Since eternal Is at hand, 
To swallow time's ambitions, 
. . . what avail 
High titles, high descent, attainments high, 
If unattain'd our highest? 
Young, Night Thoughts, viii. 34. 
The Eternal, God. 
The law whereby the Eternal himself doth work. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity. 
His trust was with the Eternal to be deem'd 
Equal In strength, and rather than be less 
Cared not to be at all. Milton, P. L., U. 46. 
eternalist (e-ter'nal-ist), n. [< eternal + -ist.'] 
One who holds that matter or the world has 
existed from eternity. 
I would ask eternalists what mark is there that they 
could expect or desire of the novelty of a world, that is 
not found in this? Dp. Burnet, Theory of the Earth. 
eternality (e-tfer-nal'i-ti), n. [Early mod. E. 
eternalitie, eternalitee"; = It. eternalM; as eter- 
nal + -ity.~\ The condition or quality of being 
eternal; eternalness. 
The great goodness of God . . . dyd.ln thefaythof the 
sayd Mediatour, remytte and forgeue theim the eternali- 
tie of the payne dew unto theyr offence. 
Sir T. More, Works, p. 1292. 
For thus he speaketh unto Moses, I am that I am ; signi- 
fying an fternalitee, and a nature that cannot chaunge. 
J. Udall, On John ix. 
eternalize (f-tfer'nal-iz), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
eternalized, ppr. eternalizing. [< eternal + -i,-c.] 
To make eternal; give endless existence to; 
eternize. [Rare.] 
We do not eternalize memory by making it Inherent in 
them [atoms]. Q. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 96. 
eternally (e-ter'nal-i), adr. 1. Without begin- 
ning or end of duration, or without end only; 
with reference to or throughout eternity. 
That which is morally good . . . must be also eternally 
and unchangeably so. South, Sermon. 
Both body and soul live eternally in unspeakable bliss. 
Sharp, Works, 1. xii. 
2. Perpetually; incessantly; at all times. 
Where western gales eternally reside. 
Adtiison, Letter from Italy, 1. 65. 
Ktrrnally in pursuit of happiness, which keeps eternally 
before us. Jefferson, Correspondence, II. 95. 
etemness 
'I lie sea 
Sighed further oil ,!,-,, inllii. 
As human sorrow sighs in sle.-ji. 
1). ti. Uossetti, Ave. 
eternalness (o-ter'nal-ues), n. The state or 
quality of being eternal, 
eterne! SM- < torn. 
eternifyt le-tt-r'ni-fi), r. t. [< L. xternus, eter- 
nal, + -jicdrc, make : see -fy.] To make eter- 
nal or everlasting; eternize. 
True Fame, the trumpeter of heau'n, that doth desire In- 
flame 
To glorious deeds, and by her power rternijie* the name. 
Mir. for Magi., p. 569. 
This said, her winged shoes to her feet she tied, 
Formed all of gold, and all eternised. Chapman. 
eternisation, eternise. See etcrnization, eter- 
nize. 
eternlsht (e-ter'nish), r. . i< etern + -ishV.~\ To 
make eternal or immortal. 
If this order had not l>ene in our predecessors, . . . they 
had neuer bene eternuhed for wise men. 
t.iilii. Euphues, Anat. of Wit, p. 126. 
eternity (o-ter'ni-ti), . ; pi. eternities (-tiz). [< 
ME. eternite, eternytce, v OF. etcrnite, F. eter- 
nM = Pr. eternitat = Sp. etemidad = Pg. eter- 
nidade = It. eternitd, < L. asternita(t-)s, eternity, 
< a-ternus, eternal : see etern . ] 1 . The condition 
or quality of being eternal. () infinite duration 
or continuance, or existence without beginning or end. 
Democritus . . . expressly asserts the eternity of mat- 
ter, but denies the eternity of the world. 
Bacon, Physical Fables, 1., Expl. 
By being able to repeat the idea of any length of dura- 
tion we have In our minds, with all the endless addition 
of number, we come by the idea of eternity. 
Locke, Human Understanding, II, xvli. 5. 
(6) The state of things in which the flow of time has ceased. 
There time, like fire, having destroyed whatever it could 
prey on, shall, at last, die itself, and shall go out Into eter- 
nity. Boyle, Seraphic Love, 
(e) Existence outside of the relations of time. 
Some years ago I ventured to make an apology for the 
popular conception of eternity, as being endless time, In 
opposition to the ordinary metaphysical doctrine that eter- 
nity is timelessness. Bibliotheca Sacra, XLIII. 001. 
2. The state or condition of existence preced- 
ing life, or subsequent to death. 
Sho myght be assumpt, I pray thvn excellence, 
Vnto thi troone, and so to be commende, 
In bodye and saule euer withoutyn ende 
With the to reyne In thyne ctcrnyte. 
York Plays, p. 515. 
At death we enter on eternity. thright. 
The narrow isthmus 'twixt two boundless seas, 
The past, the future, two eternities ! 
Moore, Veiled Prophet. 
3. Indefinite duration of time or vast extent of 
space; anything that seems endless; endless 
round: as, an eternity of suspense; the great 
desert with its eternity of sand. 
Thus maketh thai of thaire fertilltee 
In helping nature a feire eternytec. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 121. 
Call this eternity which is to-day, 
Nor dream that this our love can pass away. 
U' it/in m Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 238. 
Small matters acting constantly In the eternities, or in 
the vast tracts of space and periods of time, produce great 
effects. The Century, Feb., 1884. 
eternization (e-ter-ni-za'shon), n. [< eternize 
+ -ation.'j The act of eternizing; the act of 
rendering immortal or enduringly famous. Also 
spelled eternisation. Imp. Diet. 
eternize (e-t6r'niz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. eter- 
nized, ppr.' eternizing. [< OF. eterniser, F. eter- 
niser (= Sp. Pg. eternizar), < eterne, L. a-temus, 
eternal: see etern and -ize.'] 1. To make eter- 
nal, everlasting, or endless. 
Where is the fame 
Which the vainglorious mighty of the earth 
Seek to eternize I Shelley, Queen Mah, Iii. 
2. To prolong the existence or duration of in- 
definitely; perpetuate. 
With two fair gifts 
Created him endow 'd ; with happiness. 
And immortality ; that fondly lost, 
This other served but to eternize woe. 
Milton, P. L,, xi. 60. 
3. To make forever famous ; immortalize: as, 
to eternize the exploits of heroes. 
Julias Csesar was noe less diligent to eternize his name 
be the pen then be the suord. 
A. Hume, Orthographic (E. E. T. S.), Ded., p. 2. 
The Queen Philippa . . . added one thing more to the 
eternising ol her husband's and son's famous and renowned 
valours. Eny. Stratagem (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 608). 
My verse your vertues rare shall eternar. 
Spenser, Sonnets, Ixxv. 
Also spelled etcriii.*<: 
eternnesst (e-tern'nes), n. [Early mod. E. eter- 
'( . < etern + -iie&s.] The quality of being 
eternal. Jfares. 
