ethmopresphenoidal 
ethmopresphenoidal (eth-mo-pre-sfe-uoi'dal), 
. [< etlimo(id) + prcsplicnoidal.] Of or per- 
taining to the ethmoid and to the presphenoid 
bone : as, the ethmopresphenoidal suture. Hux- 
ley. 
ethmose (eth'mos), a. and n. [< Gr. t/0ft6f, a 
sieve, + -one.] I. a. Full of interstices or small 
openings; ethmoidal; areolar: as, ethmose tis- 
sue. 
II. . In histol., areolar tissue. 
Ethmosphaera (eth-mo-sfe'ra), n. [NL., < Gr. 
rfliibs, a sieve, 4- mjiaipa, sphere.] The typical 
genus of radiolariaiis of the family Ethmosphai- 
rida;. Haeckel, 1860. 
Ethmosphaeridae (eth-mo-sfe'ri-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Ethmosphajra + '-idai.] A family of 
monocyttarian radiolariaiis, of the group Poly- 
cystina, typified by the genus Ethmosphaera. 
ethmosphenoid (eth-mo-sfe'noid), o. [< etli- 
mo(id) + sphenoid.] Pertaining to the ethmoid 
and sphenoid bones: as, the ethmosphenoid ar- 
ticulation. 
ethmoturbinal (eth-mo-ter'bi-nal), a. and w. 
[< ethmo(id) + turbinal.] I. a. turbinated or 
scroll-like, as the lateral masses of the eth- 
moid ; pertaining to the ethmoturbiual. 
II. n. One of the two so-called lateral masses 
of the ethmoid bone, constituting the greater 
part of that bone, as distinguished from the 
perpendicular and cribriform plates ; the light 
cellular or spongy bone of which the ethmoid 
chiefly consists, known in human anatomy as 
the superior and middle turbinate bones, form- 
ing most of the inner wall of the orbit of the eye, 
and nearly filling the nasal fossee above the in- 
ferior meatus of the nose. See cut under nasal. 
ethmoturbinate (eth-mo-ter'bi-nat), a. [< e th- 
mo(id) + turbinate.] Same as ethmoturbinal. 
ethmovomerine (eth-mo-vom'e-rin), a. [< eth- 
mo(id) + vomerine.] Pertaining to the ethmoid 
and to the vomer, or to the ethmoidal and vo- 
merine regions of the skull : specifically applied 
to a forward expansion of the trabeculre cranii 
of an embryo, which forms the foundation of the 
future mesethmoid and ethmoturbinal bones. 
See cut under chondrocranmm. 
The ethmoEomerine cartilages spread over the nasal sacs, 
roof them in, cover them externally, and send down a par- 
tition between them. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 22. 
ethnarch (eth'niirk), n. [< Gr. ifhapxif, < e8- 
vof, a nation, people, + apxttv, rule.] In Gr. 
antiq., a viceroy ; a governor of a province. 
In lieu thereof, he created him ethnarch, and as such 
permitted him to govern nine years. 
L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 78. 
ethnarchy (eth'nar-ki), n. ; pi. ethnarchifs(-kiz). 
[< Gr. ffivapx'ia, < cthdpxw, an ethnarch : see eth- 
narch.] The government or jurisdiction of an 
ethnarch. 
ethnic (eth'nik), a. and n. [Formerly also eth- 
nique; < F. ethnique = Sp. etnico = Pg. etlinico 
= It. etnico, < L. etluiicus, < Gr. idviKOf, of or 
for a nation, national, in eccles. writers gen- 
tile, heathen, < tBvof, a company, later a peo- 
ple, nation; pi., in eccles. use, rd eSvri, L. gentes, 
'the nations,' i. e., the gentiles, the heathen.] 
1. a. 1. Pertaining to race ; peculiar to a race 
or nation ; ethnological. 
Between Frenchmen, Spaniards, and northern Italians 
there is, indeed, a close ethnic affinity. 
J. Fiske, Evolutionist, p. 86. 
Unless we are sure that an ethnic title is one which a 
race gives itself, we can draw no conclusion from its ety- 
mology. G. Rawlimon, Origin of Nations, ii. 226. 
2. Pertaining to the gentiles or nations not con- 
verted to Christianity ; heathen ; pagan : op- 
posed to Jewish and Christian. 
This man beginning at length to loath and mislike the 
ethnik religion, and the multitude of false gods, applyed 
his minde vnto the religion of Christ. 
Haklmjt's Voyages, I. 222. 
"What means," quoth he, " this Devil's procession 
With men of orthodox profession ? 
'Tis ethnique and idolatrous, 
From heathenism deriv'd to us." 
S. Butler, Hudibras, II. ii. 761. 
Those are ancient ethnic revels, 
Of a faith long since forsaken. Longfellow. 
II. n. A heathen ; a gentile ; a pagan. 
No certain species, sure ; a kind of mule 
That's half an ethnic, half a Christian ! 
B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1. 
The people of God redeem'd, and wash'd with Christs 
blood, and dignify'd with so many glorious titles of Saints, 
and sons in the Gospel, are now no better reputed then 
impure fthnicfc/i, and lay dogs. 
Milton, Reformation in Eng., i. 
ethnical (eth'ni-kal), a. [< ethnic + -al.] Same 
as ethnic. 
2018 
The High Priest . . . went abroad in Procession, . . . 
having a rich silver crosse carried before him, and accum- 
lianifil with many that carried silke banners and flags 
after a very Ethnicatt and prophane pompe. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 4. 
ethnically (eth'ni-kal-i), adv. With regard to 
race; racially. 
Viewed ethnically, the Celtic race, he [Bismarck] argued, 
was of the female sex, while the Teutonic people was the 
masculine element permeating and fructifying all Europe. 
Lowe, Bismarck, I. 588. 
ethnicism (eth'ni-sizm), n. [< ethnic + -ism.] 
Heathenism ; paganism ; idolatry. 
A hallowed temple, free from taint 
Of ethnicigme, makes his muse a saint. 
. Jonson, Underwoods, xiii. 
The other was converted to Christianity from Ethni- 
eituu. Coryat, Crudities, I. 66. 
ethnogenic (eth-no-jen'ik), a. [< ethnogeny + 
-if.] Pertaining to ethnogeny. 
ethnogeny (eth-uoj'e-ni), n. [< Gr. cdvof, a na- 
tion, + '-jfvraz, < -yewje, producing: see -gen;/.] 
That branch of ethnology which treats of the 
origin of races and nations of men. 
ethnographer (eth-nog'ra-fer), n. One who is 
engaged or versed in the study of ethnography. 
ethnographic, ethnographical (eth-no-graf 'ik, 
-i-kal), a. [< ethnography + -ic-al.] Pertain- 
ing to ethnography. 
The document [the tenth chapter of Genesis] is iu fact 
the earliest ethnographical essay that has come down to 
our times. 0. Rawlinsan, Origin of Nations, ii. 168. 
If the Greeks were as purely Aryan as their language 
would lead us to believe, all our ethnographic theories are 
at fault. J. Fergusson, Hist. Arch., I. 232. 
ethnographically (eth-no-graf'i-kal-i), adv. 
As regards ethnography ; ' in accordance with 
the methods or principles of ethnography. 
He [Mr. Bancroft] divides the natives of the Pacific Coast 
into seven groups, arranged geographically rather than 
ethnoijraphically. If. A. Ken., CXX. 37. 
ethnographist (eth-nog'ra-fist), n. [< ethnogra- 
phy + -ist.] An ethnographer. 
A five-year-old girl playing with her doll is a better me- 
dium for studying primitive mythologies than the heaviest 
volumes of anthropologists and ethnoijraphists. 
Pop. Sci. Ufa., XXV. 
ethnography (eth-nog'ra-fi), n. [= F. ethno- 
graphic = Sp. etnografia"= Pg. ethnographia = 
It. etnografia, < Gr. l&vof, a people, a nation, + 
-ypafyia, < ypa<t>eiv, write.] The scientific descrip- 
tion and classification of the different races and 
nations of mankind. See extract under ethnol- 
ogy. 
It is the object of ethnography, or ethnology, whichever 
we like to call it, to trace out, as far as the facts of his- 
tory, of physiology, and of language permit, the intercon- 
nection of nations. 
G. Rawlinson, Origin of Nations, ii. 175. 
ethnologer (eth-nol'o-jer), n. An ethnologist. 
A body which the ethnologer proper would most likely 
call mainly Celtic. E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lccts., p. 93. 
ethnologic, ethnological (eth-no-loj'ik, -i-kal), 
a. [< ethnology + -ic-al.] Relating to ethnology. 
The ethnological confusion is like that of another self- 
styled Imperial personage, who thought that he could get 
at a Tartar by scratching a Russian. 
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 160. 
ethnologically (eth-no-loj'i-kal-i), adv. As re- 
gards race or nationality ; according to or in 
accordance with the methods or principles of 
ethnology. 
People and folk in the singular form usually meant, in 
Old-English, a political state, or an ethnologically related 
body of men, considered as a unit: in short, a nation. 
G. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang^ xii. 
ethnologist (eth-nol'o-jist), n. [< ethnology + 
-ist.] One skilled in ethnology; a student of 
ethnology. 
The ethnologist, from his point of view, is much less 
concerned with individuals than with masses. 
Nature, XXXVII. 293. 
ethnology (eth-nol'o-ji), n. [= F. ethnologie = 
Sp. etnologia = Pg. ethnologia, < Gr. eOvoc, a peo- 
ple, a nation, + -Zayia, < teyeiv, speak: see 
-ology.] The science of the races of men and 
of their character, history, customs, and insti- 
tutions. See the extract. 
Ethnography and Ethnology bear the same relation al- 
most to one another as geology and geography. While 
ethnography contents herself with the mere description 
and classification of the races of man, ethnology, or the 
science of races, "investigates the mental and physical 
differences of mankind, and the organic laws upon which 
they depend ; seeks to deduce from these investigations 
principles of human guidance in all the important rela- 
tions of social and national existence." Krauth-Ftemimi. 
ethnopsychplpgical (eth"no-si-ko-loj'i-kal), a 
Of or pertaining to ethnopsychology. 
Prince Bismarck has been the first to solve the ethno- 
psychological problem which lies concealed in the nature 
ethyl-blue 
of the Oriental, by treating the Turks with indulgence and 
perseverance. Lowe, Bismarck, II. 131. 
ethnopsychology (eth^no-si-koro-ji), n. [< Gr. 
etfrof, a people, a nation, + E. psychology, q. v.] 
The investigation of the spiritual conditions 
and institutions of races. 
For this method [philological] we propose to substitute, 
as one main instrument, the method of Volkerpsychologie, 
or " Folklore," or ethnopsychology, or anthropology, or, to 
use Dr. Taylor's term, "the Hottentotic method." 
Nineteenth Century, XIX. 68. 
ethography (e-thog/ra-fi), n. [< Gr. iflS, cus- 
tom, + --ypa<t>la, < -ypafatv, write.] A description 
of the moral characteristics of man. Krauth- 
Fleming. 
ethologic, ethological (eth-o-loj'ik, -i-kal), . 
[< ethology + -ic-al.] Treating of or pertaining 
to ethics or morality. 
ethologist (e-thol'o-jist), n. [< ethology + -ist.] 
1. One versed in ethology; one who studies or 
writes on the subject of manners and morals. 
2f. A mimic. Bailey, 1727. 
ethology (e-thol'o-ji), i. [= F. ethologie = 
Pg. etholog'ia = It. etologia; in sense based on 
the moral sense of ethos, ethics; in form < L. 
c'llinliigia, < Gr. ifiohoyia, the art of depicting 
character by mimic gestures, < ffloUyog, L. 
ethologus, depicting, or one who depicts, char- 
acter by mimic gestures, < Gr. ijfof, character, 
manners, + -?.o>Ia, < Afjeiv, speak: see -ology.] 
1. The science of ethics; especially, applied 
ethics. 
Mr. Mill calls ethology the science of the formation of 
character. Krauth-Flemiiuj. 
We want an ethology of the schoolroom, somewhat more 
discriminative than that ethology of the assembly that 
Aristotle gives in his "Rhetoric." 
Pop. Sci. Mo., XXX. 259. 
2f. Mimicry. Bailey, 1731. 
ethopoetic (e"tho-po-et'ik), a. (X Gr. i/6oiroir/- 
rii<6f, expressive of character, < qOoiroielv, form 
or express character or manners, < f]6oc,, char- 
acter, manners, + iroieiv, make.] Pertaining 
to or suitable for the formation of character; 
character-making. [Rare.] 
ethos (e'thos), n. [< Gr. ijflof, an accustomed 
seat, in pi. abodes or haunts (of animals, etc.) ; 
custom, usage ; the manners and habits of man, 
his disposition, character (L. ingenium, mores) ; 
in pi., manners ; a lengthened form of edof, cus- 
tom, habit (orig. "apeO-), = AS. sidv, sido, seodu 
(lost in E.) = OS. sidu = D. zede = OHG. situ, 
MHG. site, G. sitte = Icel. sidhr = Sw. sed = 
Dan. scud = Goth, sidus, custom, habit, etc., =: 
Skt. svadha, wont, custom, pleasure. The verb 
appears in the Gr. cduv, being accustomed, perf. 
e"uJ)a, as pres. be accustomed, perf. part, ciuduf, 
accustomed.] 1. Habitual character and dis- 
position. 
Many other social forces, national character, ideas, cus- 
toms the whole inherited ethos of the people individ- 
ual peculiarities, love of power, sense of fair dealing, pub- 
lic opinion, conscience, local ties, family connections, civil 
legislation all exercise upon industrial affairs as real an 
influence as personal interest ; and, furthermore, they ex- 
ercise an influence of precisely the same kind. 
Rae, Contemp. Socialism, p. 211. 
From the end of the second to the beginning of the six- 
teenth century there can be no doubt as to the contents 
and ethos of that system. 
Fortnightly Hen., N. S., XXXIX. 188. 
Specifically 2. In the Gr. fine arts, etc., the 
inherent quality of a work which produces, or 
is fitted to produce, a high moral impression, 
noble, dignified, and universal, as opposed to a 
work characterized by pathos, or the particu- 
lar, accidental, passionate, realistic quality. 
By ethos, as applied to the paintings of Polygnotus, we 
understand a dignified bearing in his figures, and a mea- 
sured movement throughout his compositions. 
Encyc. Brit., II. 359. 
Ethusa, n. See JEthusa. 
ethyl (eth'il), . [< eth(er) + -yl] C 2 H 5 . The 
radical of ordinary alcohol and ether, it has 
never been obtained in the free state. Alcohol is the 
hydrate of ethyl. Ethyl butyrate. See butyrate. 
Ethyl oxld, ethyl ether. See ethcri, 3(6). Ethyl salts, 
salts in which the radical ethyl plays the part of a base. 
ethylamine (eth'il-am-in), n. \_<ethyl + amine.] 
An organic base formed by the substitution of 
ethyl for all or part of the hydrogen of ammonia. 
ethylate (eth'i-lat), n. [< ethyl + -afel.] Same 
as (tlcoholate. 
ethylated (eth'i-la-ted), a. Mixed or combined 
with ethyl or its compounds. 
ethyl-blue (eth'il-blo), . A coal-tar color 
used in dyeing, prepared by treating spirit- 
blue with ethyl chlorid. The blue possesses a 
purer tone than spirit-blue, and is used for dye- 
ing silk. 
