exanimate 
exanimate (eg-zan'i-mat), a. [= OF. cxanime 
= It. esanimato, < L. exanimatus, pp. : see the 
verb.] 1. Inanimate; lifeless. 
On whose sharp cliftes the ribs of vessels broke ; 
And shivered ships, which had beene wrecked late, 
Yet stuck with carkases exanimate. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. xii. 7. 
At the beginning of the skirmish I had primed my pis- 
tols, and sat with them ready for use. . . . Shaykh Nur, 
exanimate with fear, could not move. 
M. t'. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 361. 
2. Spiritless; disheartened; depressed in spir- 
its. 
The grey morn 
Lifts her pale lustre on the paler wretch 
Exanimate by love. Thomson, Spring, 1. 1052. 
exanimation (eg-zan-i-ma'shon), . [= Sp. ex- 
animacion = Pg. cxanimdfSo == It. esanlmazione, 
< L. exanimatio(n-), < exanimare, deprive of 
breath, life, or strength: see exanimate.} De- 
privation of life or of spirits ; real or apparent 
death. 
ex aninio (eks an'i-mo). [L. : ex, out of, from ; 
animo, abl. of animus, mind, heart : see ani- 
mus.} From the mind or heart; sincerely; 
conscientiously. 
exanimoust (eg-zan'i-mus), a. [< L. exanimis, 
also exanimus, lifeless, < ex- priv. + anima, 
life.] Lifeless; dead. Johnson. 
exannulate (eks-an'u-lat), a. [< L. ex- priv. 
+ annulus, prop, anulus, a ring: see annulate.} 
In bot., without a ring: applied to those ferns 
in which the sporangium is without the elastic 
ring or annulus. 
exanthem (eg-zan'them), n. [< LL. exanthema.} 
1. Same as exanthema, 1. 2. In bot., a blotch 
or excrescence on the surface of a leaf, etc. 
exanthema (ek-san-the'mii), n. ; pi. exanthe- 
mata (-ma-ta). [LL., < Gr. IgdvOitfia, an efflo- 
rescence, eruption, pustule, < egavffslv, bloom, 
blossom, break out, < ff, out, + avtielv, flower, 
< avdos, a flower.] 1. Any diffuse or multiple 
affection of the skin marked by inflammation 
or simple hyperernia, or by effusion of lymph, 
or excessive exfoliation of epidermis, but usu- 
ally restricted to skin-affections belonging to 
zymotic fevers. Also exanthem. 
Dermatologists discriminate the febrile rashes or exan- 
thenis of local or individual origin urticaria, erythema, 
and roseola from the true exanthemata, which are acute 
specific infectious diseases. Qitain, Med. Diet. 
2. A zymotic fever of which a skin-affection is 
normally one of the symptoms, as scarlatina or 
measles. 
exanthematic (eg-zan-the-mat'ik), a. [< exan- 
thema(t-) + -ic.} Same as exantheinatous. 
exanthematology (ek-san-the-ma-tol'o-ji), n. 
[< Gr. c^avi)r/fia(r-) , eruption, + -/ioj/a, < '/.iyfiv, 
speak: see-ology.} The study of or knowledge 
concerning the exanthemata. 
exanthematous (ek-san-them'a-tus), a. [< ex- 
antke>na(t-} + -oits.} Of or pertaining to exan- 
themata. 
Dr. Woakes . . . has indicated that . . . most impor- 
tant nervous disorders arising from acute disease in the 
ear may, by sympathetic connection, be induced from the 
irritation from teething and from the exanthematous dis- 
eases. W. B. Richardson, Prevent. Med., p. 199. 
exanthesis (ek-san-the'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. tf- 
avdr/ai^, efflorescence, eruption, < egavOelv, bloom, 
blossom, break out: see exanthema.} In med., 
the appearing of an exanthema. See exanthe- 
ma, 1. 
exantlatet (eg-zant'lat), v. t. [< L. exantlatus, 
pp. of exantlare, draw out, as a liquid, bear up 
under, endure, go through, exhaust, < ex, out, 
+ *antlare = Gr. avrMlv, draw out water, bail 
out, as a ship, also exhaust, come to the end of 
(cf. avrbof, the hold of a ship, etc.), ult. < avd, 
up, + *T\av = L. *tla- in flatus, later latus, pp., 
associated with/ore = E. bear 1 . Cf . atlas 1 , ab- 
lative, etc. The L. verb is also spelled exan- 
clare, and is referred by some to ex + anelare 
or anculare, serve, < anculus, a servant : see an- 
cille.} To draw out ; bring out; exhaust. 
By time those seeds were wearied or exantlated, or un- 
able to act their parts upon the stage of the universe any 
longer. Boyle, Works, I. 497. 
exantlationt (ek-sant-la'shon), n. [< exantlate 
+ -ion.} The act of drawing out ; exhaustion. 
What libraries of new volumes after ages will behold, 
in what a new world of knowledge the eyes of our poster- 
ity may be happy, a few ages may joyfully declare ; and 
is but a cold thought unto those who cannot hope to be- 
hold this exantlation of truth. 
Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., ii. 6. 
exaratet (ek'sa-rat), v. t. [< L. exaratus, pp. of 
exarare, plow up, < ex, out, up, + arare, plow: 
see arable, ear 3 .] To plow; hence, to mark as 
if by a plow; write; engrave. Blount. 
2050 
exarate (ek'sa-rat), a. [< L. exaratus, pp.: see 
the verb.] lii entom., having longitudinal and 
parallel furrows which are distinctly defined, 
with perpendicular margins, and are separated 
by wide elevated spaces Exarate pupae, those 
pupje in which the limbs are free, but closely attached to 
the body, as in many Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. 
exarationt (ek-sa-ra'shon), n. [X L. exara- 
tio(n-), < exarare, i plow up: see exarate.} The 
act of plowing; hence, the act of marking as 
with a plow, or of writing or engraving. Bai- 
ley, 1727. 
exarch (eks'ark), n. [Formerly also exarche; 
= F. exarche, exarque, < LL. exarchus, < Gr. ef- 
, a leader, beginner, later a prefect, < f- 
, begin, < ff, out, + apxeiv, be first, rule.] 
1. The ruler of a province in the Byzantine 
empire. The most important was the exarch 
of Ravenna. See exarchate. 
This City [ Vercellis] . . . revolted to Smaragdus the Sec- 
ond Exarche of Ravenna. Coryat, Crudities, I. 105. 
2. In the early church , a prelate presiding over 
a diocese : as, the exarch of Ephesus. The title 
is often used as synonymous with patriarch ; but strictly 
the exarch was inferior in rank and power to the patri- 
arch, and superior to the metropolitan. 
It was decreed that the bishop of the chief see should 
not be entitled the exarch of priests, or the highest priest, 
or anything of like sense, but only the bishop of the chief- 
est see. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, vii. 16. 
3. In the Gr. Ch., a legate of a patriarch, whose 
duty it is to sustain the authority of the patri- 
arch, and to obtain accurate information con- 
cerning the lives of the clergy, ecclesiastical 
observances, monastic discipline, etc., in the 
provinces assigned to him. The power of the ex- 
archs is very great. They can absolve, depose, or excom- 
municate in the name of the patriarch. 
exarchate (eks'iir-kat or eg-zar'kat), . [For- 
merly also exarchat; = F. exarchat, < ML. ex- 
archatus, < exarchus, exarch: see exarch and 
-ate 3 .} The office, dignity, or administration of 
an exarch, or the territory ruled by an exarch ; 
specifically, the Byzantine dominion in Italy 
after its reconquest from the Ostrogoths by 
Narses in the middle of the sixth century, 
called from its capital the exarchate of Raven- 
na. At first it embraced all Italy, but parts of it were 
rapidly lost, until only the region around Ravenna (the 
Romagna) was retained by the exarch. This was con- 
quered by the Lombards in 751, and taken from them by 
Pepin the Short, king of the Franks, in 755, and given to 
the pope, who thus became a temporal sovereign. 
Pepin, not unobedient to the Pope's call, passing into 
Italy, frees him out of danger, and wins for him the whole 
exarchat of Ravenna. Milton, Reformation in Eng., ii. 
If we would suppose the pismires had but our under- 
standings, they also would have the method of a man's 
greatness, and divide their little mole-hills into provinces 
and exarchates. Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, i. 4. 
exareolate (eks-a-re'o-lat), a. [< L. ex- priv. 
+ NL. areola + -ate 1 .] In bot., not areolate; 
without areolse. 
exarillate (eks-ar'i-lat), a. [< L. ex- priv. + 
NL. arilla + -ate 1 .} In hot., having no aril. 
exaristate (eks-a-ris'tat), a. [< L. ex- priv. + 
NL. arista + -ate 1 .] In bot., destitute of an 
arista, awn, or beard. 
exarticulate (eks-ar-tik'u-lat), v. t. ; pret. and 
pp. exarticulated, ppr. exdrticulating. [< L. ex- 
priv. + articnlatus, pp. of articulare, joint: see 
articulate.} 1. To disjoint; put out of joint; 
luxate. Bailey, 1727. 2. In surg., to sever the 
ligamentous connections of at a joint; ampu- 
tate at a joint: as, to exarticulate the thumb. 
exarticulate (eks-ar-tik'u-lat), a. [< L. ex- priv. 
-I- articulatus, pp.: see the verb.] In zoiil., 
not jointed; not consisting of two or more 
joints; inarticulate; composed of a single joint, 
as the antenna or palpi of certain insects. 
Exarticulate limbs, limbs without joints, as the pro- 
legs of a caterpillar. 
exarticulation (eks-ar-tik-u-la'shon), n. [< ex- 
articulate + -ion.} 1. Luxation; the disloca- 
tion of a joint. 2. Removal of a member at 
the articulation. 3. The state of being exar- 
ticulate or jointless. 
exaspert (eg-zas'per), t'. t. [< OF. exasperer, F. 
exasperer = Sp. Pg. exasperar = It. exasperare, 
< L. exasperare, roughen, irritate, < ex, out, + 
asperare, roughen, < asper, rough: see awper 1 , 
asperate.} To exasperate. 
A lyon is a cruell beast yf he be exaspered. 
Joye, Expos, of Daniel, vii. 
exasperate (eg-zas'pe-rat), v. ; pret. and pp. 
exasperated, ppr. exasperating. [< L. exaspe- 
ratus, pp. of exasperare, irritate : see exasper.} 
I. tram. 1. To irritate to a high degree; make 
very angry ; provoke to rage ; enrage : as, to ex- 
asperate an opponent. 
exauctorate 
You know my hasty temper, and should not exasperate 
it. Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer, iv. 
Roger Niger . . . flying from the wrath of the king, 
whom he has exasperated by savage invective. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 147. 
2f. To incite by means of irritation ; stimulate 
through anger or rage ; stir up. 
1 did exasperate you to kill or murder him. 
Shirley, The Traitor, iv. 1. 
3. To make grievous or more grievous; aggra- 
vate ; embitter : as, to exasperate enmity. 
Alas ! why didst thou on This- Day create 
These harmfull Beasts, which but exasperate 
Our thorny lit e ? 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 6. 
Many have studied to exasperate the ways of death, but 
fewer hours have been spent to soften that necessity. 
Sir T. Broumc, Christ. Mor., 11. 13. 
4. To augment the intensity of ; exacerbate: as, 
to exasperate inflammation or a part inflamed. 
The plaster would pen the humour . . . and so exas- 
perate ft. Bacon, Nat. Hist. 
Her illness was exasperated by anxiety for her husband. 
frescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 16. 
Our modern wealth stands on a few staples, and the in- 
terest nations took in our war was exasperated by the im- 
portance of the cotton trade. 
Emerson, Fortune of the Republic. 
= Syn. 1. Provoke, Incense, Exasperate, Irritate; vex, 
chafe, nettle, sting. The first four words all refer to the 
? reduction of angry and generally demonstrative teeling. 
rritate often has to do with the nerves, but all have to do 
with the mind. Provoke is perhaps the most sudden ; ex- 
asperate is the strongest and least self-controlled; incense 
stands second in these respects. 
In seeking just occasion to provoke 
The Philistine, thy country's enemy, 
Thou never wast remiss. Milton, S. A., 1. 237. 
I am one, my liege, 
Whom the vile blows and buffets of the world 
Have so incens'd that I am reckless what 
I do to spite the world. Shak., Macbeth, iii. 1. 
Intemperance . . . first exasperates the passions, and 
then takes off from them the restraints of the reason. 
Everett, Orations, I. 375. 
It irritates to an incurable resentment the minds of your 
adversaries, to overrun them with the mercenary sons of 
rapine and plunder. 
Chatham, Speech against the American War, Nov., 1777. 
Il.t intrans. To increase in severity. 
The distemper exasperated, till it was manifest she 
could not last many weeks. 
Roger North, Lord Outlford, I. 168. 
exasperate (eg-zas'pe-rat), a. [< L. exaspera- 
tus,f>p.: seetheverb.'} 1. Irritated; inflamed. 
[Rare.] 
Matters grew more exasperate between the two kings 
of England and France. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII., p. 79. 
No? why art thou then exasperate, thou idle immate- 
rial skein of sley'd silk? Shak., T. and C., v. 1. 
2. In bot., rough; covered with hard, project- 
ing points. 
exasperated (eg-zas'pe-ra-ted), p. a. In Tier., in 
an attitude indicating rage or ferocity. [Rare.] 
exasperate! (eg-zas'pe-ra-ter), n. One who ex- 
asperates or provokes ; a provoker. Johnson. 
exasperating (eg-zas'pe-ra-ting), p. a. Irritat- 
ing ; vexatious. 
A boy who doubtless was often rude and disobedient 
and exasperating to the last degree, but was her boy. 
S. Lanier, The English Novel, p. 200. 
exasperation (eg-zas-pe-ra'shpn), n. [= F. 
exasperation = Sp. exasperacion = Pg. exaspe- 
raqoto = It. esasperazione, < LL. exasperatio(ii-), 
< L. exasperare, roughen, irritate : see exasper- 
ate.} 1. The act of exasperating, or the state 
of being exasperated ; irritation ; provocation. 
A word extorted from him by the exasperation of his 
spirits. South, Works, X. Ir. 
2. Increase of violence or malignity ; exacer- 
bation, as of a disease. [Rare.] 
Judging, as of patients in fevers, by the exasperation of 
the fits. Sir H. Wotton, Reliquiie, p. 457. 
Exaspideae (eks-as-pid'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
tf, out, + doTri'f (do-md-), a shield (with ref . to the 
scutellum), + -ece.} In Sundevall's system, the 
third cohort of scutelliplantar passerine birds, 
consisting of several South American families, 
as the tyrant flycatchers, todies, and manakins, 
divided into Lysodactyl(E for the first of these 
families and Syndactylce for the other two. 
exaspidean (eks-as-pid'e-an), rt. [As Exaspi- 
dew + -an.} In ornith., having that modifica- 
tion of the scutelliplantar tarsus in which the 
anterior scutella overlap around the outside, 
but are deficient on the inside. 
exanctoratet (eg-zak'to-rat), v. t. [< L. exauc- 
turatiif, pp. of exauctorare, ML. also exaiitorare, 
dismiss from service, < ex, out, + auctorare, hire 
oneself out, bind, < auctor, author: see author.} 
To dismiss from service ; deprive of an office or 
a dignity; degrade. Also exait thora tc. 
