exclusiveness 
exclusiveness (eks-klii'siv-nes), n. The state or 
quality of beiug exclusive, in any sense of that 
word. 
French delusiveness and the hatred of compromise, 
then, is the first reason why representative institutions 
have not flourished in France. 
If. 11. Greg, Misc. Essays, 2d ser., p. 99. 
exclusivism (eks-klij'siv-izm), . [= Sp. exclu- 
sivismo; as exclusive + -ism.'] The practice 
of excluding or of being exclusive; exclusive- 
ness. 
In Geneva and Lausanne I understood that a more than 
American exclusivimn. prevailed in families that held them- 
selves to be peculiarly good, and believed themselves very 
old. Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 678. 
exclusivist (eks-klo'siv-ist), TO. [< exclusive + 
-int.~\ One who favors exclusivism or exclu- 
siveness in some particular direction. 
Cannot these excluxiviste see ... the unlovely, nnfra- 
ternal position into which their logic thrusts them? 
The Independent (New York), Jan. 6, 1870. 
exclusory (eks-klo'so-ri), o. [< LL. exclusorius, 
< Li. exclusus, pp. of excludere, shut out: see ex- 
clude.] Exclusive; excluding; able to exclude. 
Bailey, 1731. 
excoctt (eks-kokt'),. t. [< L. excoctus, pp. of ex- 
coquere, boil out, < ex, out, + coquere, cook, boil : 
see cook 1 .} To boil out; extract by boiling. 
Salt and sugar, which are excocted by heat, are dissolved 
by cold and moisture. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 843. 
excoctiont (eks-kok'shon), . [< L. excoctio(n-), 
a boiling or baking thoroughly, < excoctus, pp. 
of excoquere, boil out: see excoct.} The act of 
excoeting or boiling out. 
In the excoctiong and depurations of metals it is a famil- 
iar error, that to advance excoction they augment the heat 
of the furnace or the quantity of the injection. 
Bacon, Learning, v. 2. 
excodicationt (eks-kod-i-ka'shon), n. [< LL. 
excodicatio(n-), excaudicatio(n-~), < excodicare, 
excaudicare, < L. ex, out, + codex, caudex, stem, 
trunk.] Removal of the earth from the root of 
a vine. 
Atte Jannerie ablaqueacion 
The vynes axe [ask] in places temporate ; 
Italiens excodicacion 
Hitt calle. 
1'alladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), 1. 44. 
excogitate (eks-koj'i-tat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
excogitated, ppr. excogitating. [< L. excogitatus, 
pp. of excogitare (> It. escogitare = Sp. Pg. ex- 
cogitar = OF. cxcogiter), think out, contrive, de- 
vise, < ex, out, + cogitare, think : see cogitate.} 
To think out; contrive; devise. 
They have also wittily excogitated and devised instru- 
ments of divers fashions. 
Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), ii. 7. 
In his incomparable warres and bnsynes almost incredi- 
ble, he [Cffisar] dydde excogitate most excellent pollycies 
and deuyses, to vanquish or subdewe his ennemyes. 
Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, i. 23. 
He must first think, and excogitate his matter, then 
choose his words. B. Jonson, Discoveries. 
Did at last excogitate 
How he might keep the good and leave the bad. 
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 121. 
excogitation (eks-koj-i-ta'shon), n. [= F. 
excogitation = Pg. excogitacSo," < L. excogita- 
tio(n-), < excogitare, think out: see excogitate.} 
A thinking out; the act of devising in the 
mind; contrivance. 
The labour of excogitation is too violent to last long. 
Johnson, Rasselas, xliii. 
ex commodo (eks kom'o-do). [L.] Leisurely. 
excommunet (eks-kp-mun'), v. t. [< F. excom- 
munier (OF., in vernacular form, escomengier, 
escamungier, etc.) = Pr. escomeniar, escomengar, 
escumenjar, escumergar = Sp. excomulgar = Pg. 
excommungar = It. escomunicare, scomunicare, 
< LL. excommunicare, excommunicate: see ex- 
communicate.} To exclude from communion, 
fellowship, or participation ; excommunicate. 
Poets indeed were excommuned Plato's commonwealth. 
Gayton, Notes on Don Quixote, p. 21. 
excommunicable (eks-ko-mu'ni-ka-bl), a. [< 
excommunic-ate + -able.} Liable or deserving 
to be excommunicated ; that may incur or give 
occasion for excommunication. 
Yea although they bee impious idolaters, wicked here- 
tickes, persons excommunicable, yea, and cast out for no- 
torious improbitie. 
Sp, Hall, Apology, Advert, to the Reader. 
What offences are excommunicable. Keble. 
excommunicant (eks-ko-mu'ni-kant), . [< 
LL. excommnniean(t-)s, ppr. of excommunicare, 
excommunicate : see excommunicate. The form 
prop, means 'one who excommunicates.' The 
sense given here, prop, that belonging to ex- 
communicate, n., seems to rest on an assumed 
2058 
derivation < ex- + communicant.} One who has 
been excommunicated. [Bare.] 
Innumerable swarms of excomiinrnicants Donatists, 
Arians, Monophysites, Albigenses, Hussites. 
Contemporary Mev., LI. 416. 
excommunicate (eks-kp-mu'ni-kat), v. t. ; pret. 
and pp. excommunicated, ppr. excommunicating. 
[< LL. excommunicatus, pp. of excommunicare, 
expel from communion, < L. ex, out, + commnn i- 
care, communicate : see communicate.} 1. Ec- 
cles., to cut off by an ecclesiastical sentence, 
either from the sacraments of the church or 
from all fellowship and intercourse with its 
members. See excommunication. 
Christ hath excommunicated no nation, no shire, no 
house, no man ; he gives none of his ministers leave to 
say to any man, thou art not redeemed. 
Donne, Sermons, iii. 
Elizabeth was excommunicated, and her subjects ab- 
solved from their allegiance, by four successive Popes. 
Phelan, quoted in Wordsworth's Church of Ireland, p. 227. 
Hence 2. To expel from and deprive of the 
privileges of membership in any association. 
I trow you must excommunicate me, or els you must goe 
without their companie, or we shall wautte no quareling. 
Cuahman, quoted in Bradford's Plymouth Plantation, 
(p. 57. 
3f. To prohibit on pain of excommunication. 
Martin the 5 by his Bull not only prohibited, but . . . 
was the first that excommunicated the reading of heretical 
books. Milton, Areopagitica, p. 10. 
excommunicate (eks-ko-mu'ni-kat), a. and n. 
[< LL. excommunicatus, pp. : see the verb.] I. 
a. Cut off from communion ; excommunicated. 
Thou shall stand curs'd and excommunicate; 
And blessed shall lie be that doth revolt 
From his allegiance to an heretic. 
Shak., K. John, iii. 1. 
Offenders they put from their fellowship : and he which 
is thus excommunicate may not receiue food offered of 
any other, but, eatinggrasse and herbes, is consumed with 
famine. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 145. 
II. n. One who is excommunicated ; one cut 
off from any privilege. 
Poor Fernando, for her sake, must stand 
An excommunicate from every blessing. 
Shirley, The Brothers, iii. 1. 
Because thou hast neglected to abstain from the House 
of that Excommunicate, in that House thou shall die. 
Milton, Hist. Eiig., iv. 
I ... was accordingly considered an excommunicate, 
and had so many little pieces of private malice practised 
on me ... that I found myself obliged to comply and 
pay the money. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 79. 
excommunication (eks-ko-mu-ni-ka'shpu), n. 
[= F. excommunication = Pr. escnmeniazon = Sp. 
excomulgacion, excomunicacion (obs.) = It. esco- 
immieazione, scomunicazione, < LL. excommuni- 
catio(n-), < excommunicare, pp. excommunicatus, 
excommunicate: see excommunicate, v.} A cut- 
ting off or casting out from communication; 
deprivation of communion or the privileges of 
intercourse ; specifically, the formal exclusion 
of a person from religious communion and priv- 
ileges. Excommunication, often with very severe con- 
sequences, was practised in various ways among the an- 
cient Greeks, Romans, and Jews, and is still in use among 
the Mohammedans. In the early Christian church it con- 
sisted simply in the exclusion of an offending member 
from fellowship by some formal action, and this is the 
practice in most modern Protestant churches. As the 
power of the church increased, excommunication became 
more complicated in method and severe in effect. As 
now practised in the Roman Catholic and related churches, 
it may be either partial or total, temporary or perpetual. 
By the partial, called the minor or leaser excommunica- 
tion, the offender is suspended from the use of the sacra- 
ments, and perhaps from the privileges of church worship ; 
by the total, or the major or greater excommunication, he 
is also cut off from the society and fellowship of the church, 
and it may be from all intercourse with its members. 
Further distinctions as to the sentence and its effects are 
made in the Roman Catholic Church. See anathema, dis- 
cipline. 
Bring into the Church of England open discipline of ex- 
communication, that open sinners may be stricken withal. 
Latimer, 2d Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1550. 
The act of excommunication . . . neither shutteth out 
from the mystical, nor clean from the visible, but only 
from fellowship with the visible in holy duties. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iii. 1. 
Excommunication seems but a light thing when there 
are many communions. It was no light thing when it was 
equivalent to outlawry ; when the person excommunicated 
might be seized and imprisoned at the will of the ordinary ; 
when he was cut off from all holy offices ; when no one 
might speak to him, trade with him, or show him the most 
trivial courtesy ; and when his friends, if they dared to 
assist him, were subject to the same penalties. 
Froude, Hist. Eng., I. 185. 
Excommunication by candle. See candle. 
excommunicator (eks-ko-mu'ni-ka-tor), n. 
[< ML. excommuiiicator, < LL. excommunicare, 
excommunicate: see excommunicate, c.] One 
who excommunicates. 
excrement 
He caused all the infringers of it to be horribly excom- 
municated by all the bishops of England, in his owne pres- 
ence, and of all his barons; and himsclfe was one of the 
etxomnumicatori. Pryiine, Treachery and Disloyalty, i. 19. 
excommunicatory (eks-ko-mu'ni-ka-to-ri), a. 
[ OF. ('.ccoinmunicatoire; < ML. excommunica- 
torius, < LL. excommunicare, excommunicate: 
see excommunicate, v.} Relating to or causing 
excommunication. 
excommuniont (eks-ko-mu'nyon), n. [= Pg. 
excommunliao, < ML. excomnmnio(n-), < L. ex, 
out of, + communio(n-), communion. Cf. excom- 
municate.} Excommunication. 
Excommunion is the utmostof Ecclesiastical Judicature, 
a spiritual putting to death. 
.Miltun, Eikonoklastes, xxviii. 
ex concesso (eks kon-ses'6). [L. : ex, out of, 
from; concesso, abl. of concessum, neut. of con- 
cessus, pp. of concedere, concede: see concede.} 
From what has been conceded or granted: as, 
an argument ex concesso (that is, from what 
has been granted to that which is to be proved). 
excoiiable (eks-ko'ri-a-bl), a. [< excori-ate + 
-able.} Capable of being excoriated or flayed; 
that may be rubbed or stripped off. 
Observable in such a natural net as the scaly covering 
of fishes, of mullets, carps, tenches, &c., even in such as 
are excoriable, and consist of smaller scales. 
Sir T. Brounie, Garden of Cyrus, iii. 
excoriate (eks-ko'ri-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. ex- 
coriated, ppr. excoriating. [< LL. excoriatus, pp. 
of excoriare (> It. escoriare = Sp. Pg. excoriar = 
F. excorier), strip off the skin, < L. ex, out, off, + 
corium, the skin: see coriaceous.} 1. To flay; 
strip off the skin of . Bailey, 1731. Hence 2. 
To abrade ; gall ; break and remove the outer 
layers of (the skin) in any manner. 
The heat of the Island Squauena Gregory used to call 
infernal ; for, says he, it excoriates the skin, melts hard 
Indian wax in a cabinet, ami sears your shoes like a red 
hot iron. Boyle, Works, V. 694. 
excoriation (eks-ko-ri-a'shon), . [= F. excori- 
ation = Pr. excoriacio = Sp. excoriation = Pg. ex- 
coriacao = It. eseoriazione, < L. *exeoriatio(n-), 
< excoriare, strip off the skin: see excoriate.} 
1. The act of flaying; the operation of strip- 
ping off the skin. Bailey, 1731. Hence 2. 
The act or process of abrading or galling ; es- 
pecially, a breaking or removal of the outer 
layers of the skin. 
Full twenty years and more, our labouring stage 
Has lost on this incorrigible age : 
Our poets, the John Ketches of the nation, 
Have seem'd to lash ye, even to excoriation. 
Dryden, Prol. to Albion and Albanius, 1. 4. 
3. An abraded, galled, or broken surface of the 
skin. 
It healeth weeping eies that have run with water a long 
time, and the excoriations or frettings of the eye-lids. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxiii. 3. 
4t. The act of stripping of possessions ; spoli- 
ation; robbery. 
It hath marvellously enhanced the revenues of the 
crown, though with a pitiful excoriation of the poorer 
sort. Howell. 
excorticate (eks-kor'ti-kat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
excorticated, ppr. excorticating. [< ML. excorti- 
catus, pp. of excorticare, strip off the bark or 
rind, < L. ex, off, + cortex (cortic-), bark : see 
cork 1 , corticate.} To strip off the bark or rind of. 
Moss . . . is to be rubbed and scraped off with some fit 
instrument of wood, which may not excorticate the tree. 
Evelyn, Sylva, xxix. 
excortication (eks-kor-ti-ka'shon), n. [< excor- 
ticate + -ion.} The act of stripping off bark. 
E. Phillips, 1706. 
CXCreablet (eks'kre-a-bl), a. [< L. excreabi/in, 
exscreabilis, (. excreare, cxscreare, spit out : see 
excrcate.} Capable of being excreated or dis- 
charged by spitting. Coles, 1717. 
excreatet (eks'kre-at), r. t. [< L. excreatus, ex- 
screatus, pp. of excreare, exscreare, cough up, 
spit out, < ex, out, + screare, cough, hawk, hem.] 
To spit out ; discharge from the throat by hawk- 
ing and spitting. Cockeram. 
excreationt (eks-kre-a'shon), . The act of spit- 
ting out. Bailey, 1731. 
excrement 1 (eks'kre-ment), . [= D. excrement 
= G. excremente, pi., = Dan. Sw. exkrOHOtter, 
pi., < F. excrement^ Sp. Pg. excremento = It. es- 
cremento, < L. excrementum, what is sifted out, 
refuse, usually of animal ejections, ordure, < 
excernere, pp. excretus, sift out, separate: see 
extern, excrete.} Any matter eliminated as 
useless from the living body; specifically, the 
feces. 
The earth's a thief, 
That feeds and breeds by a composture stolen 
from general ejceremritt. Shak., T. of A., iv. :i. 
