extenuate 
The subtil dew in air begins to soar, 
Spreads as she flies, and, weary of her name, 
Extenuates still, and changes into flame. 
Dri/dm, Pythagorean Philus., 1. 379. 
extenuatet (eks-ten'u-at), a. [< L. extenuatux, 
pp. : see the verb.] Thin ; slender. 
The body slender, lank, and extenuate. Huloet. 
extenuatingly (eks-ten'u-a-ting-li), ailr. In an 
extenuating manner; by way of extenuation. 
extenuation (oks-ten-u-a'shon), it. [= F. ex- 
ti'iniatioii = Sp. extenuation = Pg. extemuaySo = 
It. estenuazinne, < L. extenuatio(n-), a thinning, 
lessening, diminution, < exteirttare, make thin : 
see extenuate.'] 1. The act of making thin ; the 
process of growing thin ov lean ; the losing of 
flesh. [Bare.] 
A third sort of marasmus is an extenuation of the body 
caused through an immoderate heat and dryness of the 
part-;. Harvey, Consumptions. 
2. The act of making less, or that which makes 
less, in importance or degree ; a diminishing of 
blame or guilt in fact or in estimation ; mitiga- 
tion; palliation: as, his faults deserve no ex- 
tenuation; a charitable purpose is no extenua- 
tion of crime. 
Yet such extenuation let me beg. 
Shalt., 1 Hen. IV., iii. 2. 
Every extenuation of what is evil. Is. Taylor. 
We are often told, in extenuation of war and conquest, 
that the state and the individual are governed by separate 
laws of right. Sumner, Oration, Cambridge, Aug. 27, 184C. 
extenuative (eks-ten'u-a-tiv), a. and . [< ex- 
tenuate + -ive.~\ I. . Pertaining to or of the 
nature of extenuation; tending to extenuate; 
extenuating. 
II. n. An extenuating plea or circumstance. 
Enter then a concise character of the times, which he 
puts forward as another extenuatioe. of the intended rebel- 
lion. Roger North, Examen, p. 370. 
extenuator (eks-ten'u-a-tor), n. [= Pg. exte- 
nwador; < L. as if * extenuator, < extenuare, ex- 
tenuate: see extenuate, v.] One who extenuates, 
in any sense. 
The extenuators of the sacrament sometimes suggest a 
hint that the command to perform this slight service may 
possibly not extend to us in these days. 
V. Knox, The Lord's Supper. 
extenuatory (eks-ten'u-a-to-ri), a. [< LL. ex- 
tenuatorius, attenuating, < 'extenuare, pp. exte- 
nuatus, make thin : see extenuate.] Tending to 
extenuate. 
exterialt, . [< OF. exterial, < L. exterus, out- 
ward, outside : see exterior.'] External. 
Fyrst beware in especial! 
Of the outwarde man exteriall, 
Though he shewe a fayre aperaunce. 
Run and Barlow, Bead me and be nott Wroth, p. 123. 
exterior (eks-te'ri-or), a. and n. [Early mod. 
E. also exteriour ; <! OF. *exteriour, later exte- 
rietir, F. exterieur = Pr. Sp. Pg. exterior = It. 
esteriore, < L. exterior, outward, outer, compar. 
of exter or extents, outward, on the outside, for- 
eign, < ex, out, + -ter, -terns, compar. suffix. 
Cf. interior. The corresponding L. superl. is 
extremes: see extreme.] I. a. 1. Situated or 
being outside ; pertaining to or connected with 
that which is outside ; outward; outlying; ex- 
ternal : as, the exterior relations or possessions 
of a country; an exterior boundary or line of 
fortification. In mathematics applied to a position with 
reference to a surface in space such that from that position 
it would be possible to pi-oceed by a continuous motion to 
infinity without crossing the surface. In like manner, on 
a surface a position is exterior to a contour if from that 
position it would be possible to move to the limit of the sur- 
face, or to infinity, without crossing the contour. Also, if 
a space, a surface, or a line be divided into three parts in 
such a manner that from the first it would not be possible 
to pass to the third without traversing the second, the first 
and third are said to be exterior to the second. Upon a 
closed surface, or curve, the term exterior can have only 
a modified meaning ; the larger part is generally regarded 
as the exterior. When two lines are crossed by a third 
line eight angles are formed, and of these those that are 
outside of the space between the first two are termed ex- 
terior, although if another pair of the three lines is consid- 
ered as the first pair other angles will be exterior. 
2. Belated to or connected with the outside; 
acting or originating from without ; outwardly 
manifested or perceived ; not intrinsic. 
If I affect it more 
Than as your honour, and as your renown, 
Let me no more from this obedience rise, 
Which my most true and inward duteous spirit 
Teacheth, this prostrate and exterior bending ! 
SAo*.,2Hen. IV., iv. 4. 
And what is faith, love, virtue, unassay'd 
Alone, without exteriour help sustain'd? 
Milton, P. L., ix. 336. 
'Twere well if his exterior change were all 
But with his clumsy port the wretch has lost 
His ignorance and harmless manners too. 
Cowper, Task, iv. 649. 
2093 
3. Consisting of or constituting the outer or 
visible part; outwardly observable; external; 
manifest. 
Something you have heard 
Of Hamlet's transformation ; so I call it, 
Since not the exterior nor the inward man 
Resembles what it was. Shale., Hamlet, ii. 2. 
Seraphick and common lovers behold exterior beauties 
as children and astronomers consider Galileo's optick 
glasses. llm/le. 
4. Being on the outer side or outer part ; of or 
pertaining to the outer surface, or to that sur- 
face as viewed from the outside: as, the exte- 
rior decorations of a church. 5. In oot., on 
the side away from the axis : same as anterior. 
[Rare.] Exterior angle. See angles, i. Exterior 
epicycloid. See cjAcycUM. Exterior object, in metapk. , 
s\ real thing Independent of our thoughts ; an object with- 
out the mind. Exterior relations of a state, its for- 
eign relations. Exterior school. See school. Exteri- 
or side, in fort., the side of an imaginary polygon upon 
which the plan of a fortification is constructed. Exteri- 
or slope or talus, In fort., that slope of a work toward 
the country which is next outward beyond its superior 
slope. =Syn. Exterior, Outward, External, Extraneous, 
Extrinsic. Exterior is opposed to interior, outward to in- 
ward, external to internal, extraneous to esttentml or ger- 
mane, extrinsic to intrinsic. Extrinsic is only mental, ex- 
cept in anatomy ; the others are primarily physical, al- 
though extraneous seems quite as much mental as phys- 
ical. 
Not alone in habit and device, 
fixterior form, outward accoutrement. 
Shalt., K. John, i. 1. 
Each perturbation smooth'il with outward calm. 
Milton, P. L., Iv. 120. 
Nothing external can tell me what a glorious principle 
the mind is. Channing, Perfect Life, p. 22. 
By self-existence we clearly mean existence which is 
not dependent on any extraneous existence. 
./. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., I. 7. 
The desire of knowledge, though often animated by ex- 
trinsic and adventitious motives, seems on many occa- 
sions to operate without subordination to any other prin- 
ciple. Johnson, Rambler, No. 103. 
II. n. 1. The outer surface or aspect; the 
outside ; the external features : as, the exterior 
of a building ; we can seldom judge a man by 
his exterior. 
She did so course o'er my exteriors with such a greedy 
intention. Shak., M. W. of W., i. 3. 
His high reputation and brilliant exterior made him one 
of the most distinguished ornaments of the royal circle. 
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 2. 
2. Outward or visible deportment, form, or 
ceremony ; visible act : as, the exteriors of re- 
ligion. = Syn. Surface, etc. See outside. 
exteriority (eks-te-ri-or'i-ti), n. ; pi. exteriori- 
ties (-tiz). [= F. exteriorite = Sp. exterioridad 
= Pg. exterioridade = It. esteriorita ; < L. as if 
*exteriorita(t-)s, < exterior, outer: see exterior.] 
1. The character or fact of being exterior; 
superficiality; externality. 2. Something ex- 
terior or external ; an outward circumstance. 
Such a picture of mental triumph over outward circum- 
stances has surely seldom been surpassed ; housebuilders, 
smoky chimney, damp draughts, restless dripping dog, 
and toothache form what our friend, Miss Masson, called 
a " concatenation of exteriorities " little favorable to liter- 
ary composition of any sort. 
F. A. Keinble, Pers. Traits of Brit. Authors, p. 47. 
exteriorization (eks-te"ri-gr-i-za'shon), n. [< 
exteriorise + -ation.] Same as externalization. 
It was like the awakening and exteriorization of sensa- 
tions already stored up in the organism. 
F. W. II. Myers, Proc. Soc. Psych. Research, Oct., 1880, 
[p. 169. 
exteriorize (eks-te'ri-or-iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
exteriorized, ppr. exteriorizing. [< exterior + 
-ize.] Same as externalise. 
Merely to indicate an idea by way of suggestion is not 
enough ; it must be impressed. It must not only be in- 
troduced into the mind of the hypnotized subject, but 
must be reinforced along the various associative lines of 
force, for we exteriorize associations as well as single im- 
ages. Amer. Jour. Psychol., I. 517. 
He had at last exteriorized his consciousness, and was 
very near being some one else than himself. 
Pop. Set. Mo., XXXIII. 340. 
exteriorly (eks-te'ri-or-li), adv. Outwardly; 
externally. 
And you have slander'd nature in my form, 
Which, howsoever rude exteriorly, 
Is yet the cover cf a fairer mind 
Than to be butcher of an innocent child. 
Shak., K. John, iv. 2. 
Insects are attracted by five drops of nectar, secreted ex- 
teriorly at the base of the stamens, so that to reach these 
drops they must insert their proboscides outside the ring 
of broad filaments, between them and the petals. 
Darwin, Different Forms of Flowers, p. 95. 
exterminable (eks-ter'mi-na-bl), a. [< LL. ex- 
terminaoiUs, < L. exterminare, destroy : see ex- 
terminate.] Capable of being exterminated. 
exterminate (eks-ter'mi-nat), v. t.; pret. and 
pp. exterminated, ppr. exterminating. [< L. ear- 
external 
terminates, pp. of exterminare (> F. exterminer, 
etc. : see extermine), drive out or away, banish, 
abolish, extirpate, destroy : see extermine.] 1. 
To drive beyond the limits or borders; drive 
away; expel. [Rare.] 
By the chaciug of the Britons out of England into Wales, 
their language was wholly exterminated from hence with 
them. Sir M. Hale, Orig. of Mankind, p. 163. 
2. To bring to an end; destroy utterly; root 
out; extirpate. 
If any one species does not become modified and im- 
proved in a corresponding degree with its competitors, it 
will be exterminated. Daru-in, Origin of Species, p. 103. 
How far in any particular district the vanquished were 
Main, how far they were simply driven out, we never can 
tell. It is enough that they were exterminated, got rid 
(if in one way or another, within what now became the 
English border. E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 133. 
3. In alg., to take away; eliminate: as, to ex- 
terminate surds or unknown quantities. =Syn. 
2. To uproot, abolish, annihilate. 
extermination (eks-ter-mi-na'shon), n. [= F. 
extermination = Sp. extermination = Pg. exter- 
minaqSo = It. esterminazione, < LL. extermina- 
tio(n-), destruction, < L. exterminare, destroy: 
see exterminate.'] 1 . The act of exterminating ; 
total expulsion or destruction; eradication; 
extirpation : as, the extermination of inhabi- 
tants or tribes, of error or vice, or of weeds 
from a field. 
The question is, how far an holy war is to be pursued, 
whether to displanting and extermination of people? 
Bacon. 
2. In alg., the process of causing to disappear, 
as unknown quantities from an equation ; elim- 
ination. 
exterminator (eks-ter'mi-na-tor), M. [= F. 
exterminates = Pr. Sp. Pg. exterminador = It. 
esterminatore, < LL. exterminator, a destroyer, 
(.ii. exterminare, destroy: see exterminate."] One 
who or that which exterminates. 
Such a saint as Simon de Montfort, the exterminator of 
the Albigenses. Buckle, Civilization, II. iii. 
exterminatory (eks-ter'mi-na-to-ri), a. [< ex- 
terminate + -ory.] Serving or tending to ex- 
terminate. 
Against this new, this growing, this exterminatory sys- 
tem, all these churches have a common concern to defend 
themselves. Burke, To R. Burke. 
exterminet (eks-ter'min), v. t. [< F. exterminer 
= Pr. Sp. Pg. exterminar = It. esterminare, < 
L. exterminare, drive out or away, banish, abol- 
ish, destroy, < ex, out, + terminus, a boundary : 
see terminus.'] To exterminate. 
If you do sorrow at my grief in love, 
By giving love your sorrow and my grief 
Were both extermin'd. Shak. , As you Like it, iii. 5. 
exterminiont, n. [= Sp. Pg. exterminio = It. 
esterminw, < LL. exterminium, ejection, banish- 
ment, < L. exterminare, put out of limits, exter- 
minate : see exterminate. ] Extermination. 
To whom she werketh vtter confusion and exterminion, 
the same persones she doeth flrste langhe upon and flatre 
with some vnquod prosperitee of things. 
J. Udall, tr. of Apophthegms of Erasnms, p. 182. 
extern (eks-tern'), a. and n. [< F. externe, outer, 
outward (as a noun, a day-scholar), = Sp. Pg. 
externo = It. esterno, < L. extemus, outward, ex- 
ternal, < exter, outward : see exterior.] I.t 
1. Outward; external; visible. 
Considering neither the diversity of times concerning 
the external ecclesiastical polity, nor the true liberty of 
the Christian religion in extern rites and ceremonies. 
Bp. Ridley, in Bradford's Works (Parker Soc. , 1853), II. 382. 
My outward action doth demonstrate 
The native act and figure of my heart 
In complement extern. Shak., Othello, i. 1. 
2. Being outside ; coming from without. 
When two bodies are pressed one against another, the 
rare body not being so able to resist division as the dense, 
and being not permitted to retire back by reason of the 
extern violence impelling it, the parts of the rare body 
must be severed. Sir K. Digby. 
Extern maternity, in hospital parlance, the lying-in of 
women at their own homes, under attendance from the 
hospital. 
The extern maternity charities. Encyc. Brit., XII. 302. 
Extern monk. See monk. 
II. n. 1+. Outward form or part ; exterior. 
Were 't aught to me I bore the canopy, 
With my extern the outward honouring ? 
Shak., Sonnets, cxxv. 
2. A student or pupil who does not live or 
board within a college or seminary; a day- 
scholar. 
The externes or day-pupils exceeded one hundred in 
number. Charlotte Bronte, Villette, viii. 
external (eks-ter'nal), a. and re. [< extern + 
-al.] I. a. 1. Situated on or pertaining to the 
