extorter 
Is the violent extortour of other men's goods carried 
away with his couetous desire ? Thou mayest liken him to 
a wolfe. Boethiua, Philosophical Comfort (trans.), p. 98. 
You strict Extortera, that the Poor oppress, 
And wrong the Widdow and the Father-It s. 
Sylterter, tr. of Uu liartas's Weeks, i. 3. 
extortion (eks-tor'shon), M. [< ME. fj-lim-iomi. 
extortion, < OF. extortion, extorsion, F. extor- 
sion = Pr. extorsion, estomo = Sp. extorsion = 
Pg. extorsao = It. estorsione, storsione, < LL. ejr- 
torsio(n-), (ML.) extortio(n-), an extortion, < L. 
extorquere, pp. cxtortus, extort : see extort, Cf . 
torsion.] 1. The act of extorting; the act or 
practice of wresting anything from a person by 
force, duress, menace, authority, or any undue 
exercise of power; oppressive or illegal exac- 
tion, as of excessive price, rent, or interest. 
Oppression and extortion did extinguish the greatness 
of that house. Sir J. Daries, State of Ireland. 
The Dover boatmen, whose extortions may boast the 
prescriptions of three centurit'S. i-arried <>rf his port- 
manteau. J. Brewer, English Studies, p. 353. 
2. In fair, strictly, the crime of obtaining 
money or other property, or service, from ano- 
ther under color of public office, when none is 
due, or not so much is due, or before it is due. 
In some of the United States, however, a wider 
meaning is given to the word by statute. 3. 
That which is extorted; a gross overcharge: 
as, the price you paid was an extortion. 
extortionablet (eks-tor'shon-a-bl), a. [< extor- 
tion + -able.] Extortionate. Htltgoio. 
extortionary (eks-tdr'shon-a-ri), a. [= F. ex- 
torsionnaire = Pg. cxtornionario ; as extortion 
+ -ryl.] Practising extortion ; containing ex- 
tortion. 
extortionate (eks-tor'shon-at), a. [< extortion 
+ -ate 1 .] Characterized by extortion ; oppres- 
sive ; excessive : as, an extortionate price. 
extortioner (eks-tor'shon-er). n. [< ME. ex- 
torcionere ; < extortion + -erl.J One who prac- 
tises extortion ; specifically, one who obtains 
excessive prices, rent, interest, etc., by means 
of monopoly or some other advantage. 
God, I thank thee that I am not as other men are, extor- 
tioners, unjust, adulterers. Luke xviii. 11. 
As when some covetous extortioner, out of the strength 
of his purse, huyes up the whole lading of the ship, that 
he may have the sole power of the wares to sell them at 
pleasure. Bp. Hall, Cases of Conscience, i. f>. 
extortionist (eks-tor'shon-ist), n. [< extortion 
+ -ist.] One who extorts something from an- 
other, or makes an extortionate demand or 
charge; an extortioner. 
extortionoust (eks-tor'shon-us), a. [< OF. ex- 
torcionouft, estorsionneus, < extortion, extortion: 
see extortion and -os.] Extortionate. Craiij. 
extortioust (eks-tor'shus), a. [Formerly also 
extorsious; <.extorti-on + -CMS.] Extortionate; 
oppressive ; violent ; unjust. 
Hardly escaping the fury of the sword and fire of their 
outrageous neighbours, or the famyue with the same, 
which their extortions lordes have driven them unto. 
Sir //. Sidnrii, State Papers, I. 24. 
To curb the lawless insolence of some, the seditious 
machinations of others, the extortioujt cruelties of some. 
the corrupt wresting of justice in others. 
tip. Hall, Remains, p. 77. 
extortiouslyt (eks-tor'shus-li), atlr. By extor- 
tion; oppressively. 
That office . . . was commonly misused fxtorxioitfily. 
Sir T. More, Works, p. 1207. 
extra (eks'tra), a. and n. [From the use of ex- 
tra- in comp", esp. in extraordinary, of which 
extra may be regarded as an abbreviation.] I. 
a. More than what is usual, or than what is 
due, appointed, or expected; supplementary; 
additional ; supernumerary : as, an extra price ; 
an extra edition of a newspaper; extra diet; 
extra charges at a boarding-school Extra effi- 
cient, see efficient, n. Extra induced current, in 
elect. See induction. 
II. n. [= F. extra, n.] 1. Something in ad- 
dition to what is usual or expected; something 
over and above the usual course or charge, or 
beyond what is usual. 
"I've been to a day-school too," said Alice; "you 
needn't be so proud as all that." 
" With extras! " asked the Mock Turtle a little anxiously. 
" Yes," said Alice, "we learned French and music." 
L. Carroll, Alice in Wonderland, ix. 
Specifically 2. An edition or a copy of a 
newspaper issued at an unusual hour to con- 
vey special intelligence. 
Hourly extras were issued, and the circulation, which 
six months before had been less than 5000, reached upon 
one day of the riot more than 70,000 copies. 
HarjKr's May., LXXVII. 690. 
extra (eks'tra), adv. Beyond the ordinary stan- 
dard or measure ; extraordinarily ; unusually ; 
2096 
uncommonly: as, this is done extra well; that 
is an extra high price. [Colloq.] 
People are so apt to fancy that if a man stands up 
for religion IK- must pose as a sort of extra good fellow, 
one who has less relish for pleasure and whu is stronger 
temptations than his nciu'hlmurs are. 
Kisart, Vmnv and Thought, p. 238. 
extra-. [L. extra. OL. exlratl, adv. on the out- 
si'lc, without, conj. except, prep, outside of, 
without, beyond; abl. feni. (so. parte) of esin-. 
outside: see exterior. As a prefix, extra- oc- 
curs in classical L. only in extraordinarius, ex- 
traordinary; in LL. it occurs in three or four 
words; it is more common in ML., but most 
words with this prefix are of mod. formation.] 
A prefix of Latin origin, originally an adverb 
and preposition, meaning 'outside, beyond.' 
In Latin, and in modern formations on Latin analogies, 
It is especially used (n) as a preposition in composi- 
tion with a noun, the preposition with its object noun 
forming a unitary phrasi- to which is then attached an 
adjective termination, as in extmnnHmirii (Latin <-rtr- 
urdinarinx). pertaining to or characterized by something 
beyond the usual order (extra itrdinem) ; (b) as an adverb, 
in composition with a verh. as in extravagant. As a mere 
Knglish prefix it is often a quasi adjective, and is often 
detached as an adjective proper. (Hee extra, a.) The com- 
pounds given below are chiefly of the first class (a), of the 
type extra- -f- noun + adjective termination, as extra- 
ir/iittent-ary ; as the second and third elements usually 
rxist also as a simple adjective, the etymology is obvious, 
and is not usually inserted. 
extra-alimentary (eks'tra-al-i-men'ta-ri), a. 
Situated beyond or outside of the alimentary 
canal. 
Thousands of embryos [of Trichina] . . . bore their way 
into the extra-alimentary tissues of their host. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 6.11. 
extra-atmospheric (eks'tra-at-mos-fer'ik), n. 
Beyond or outside of the atmosphere. 
It appears to be highly probable, from the observations 
thus far made, that the maximum ordtnate in the extra- 
'ii uKHtpheric curve lies much nearer to the violet than it 
does in the curve after absorption. 
C. A. 1'ouny, The Sun, p. 30:.. 
extra-axillary, -axillar (eks'tra-ak'si-la-ri, 
-lar), a. In hot., growing from above or below 
tti'e axils : as, an extra-axillary bud. 
extracalicular(eks' / trii-ka-lik'u-lar), a. Placed 
outside the calyx or cup of a cwlenterate. 
The absence of the " Rand-platte " implies almost neces- 
sarily the absence of extracalifular calicohlasto. 
G. 11. Fowler, Micros. Science, XXVIII. 1(1. 
oxtracapsular (eks-trji-kap'su-liir), a. Situat- 
ed outside of a capsule; specifically, in Radi- 
olaria, situated without the central capsule; 
pertaining to the extracapsularium. Also ex- 
tracapsulary. 
Gelatinous substance is frequently formed peripherally 
by the rxtracapsular protoplasm, constituting a kind of 
soft mantle which is penetrated by the psendopodia. 
Eneye. Brit., XIX. 849. 
extracapsularium (eks"tra-kap-su-la'ri-um), 
ii.; pi. extracapsularia (-a). [NL., < L. extra, 
beyond, outside, + eapmlla, capsule, 4- -arium.] 
InrowV., the extracapsular part of a radiolarian. 
extracapsulary (eks-tra-kap'su-la-ri), a. In 
liailiolaria, same as extracaitsular. 
extracardial (eks-tra-kar'di-al), a. Situated or 
coming from outside of the heart: as, extracar- 
dial murmurs. 
extracellular (eks-tra-sel'u-lar), a. Being, oc- 
curring, or done outside of a cell : opposed to in- 
tracellular: as, cavitary or extracellular diges- 
tion, respiration, etc.. as distinguished from any 
vital process or physiological activity inside o"f 
the cells of which the body is composed. 
extracerebral (eks-tra-ser'e-bral), a. Situated 
or occurring outside tlie limits of the cerebrum. 
extrachristian (eks-tra-kris'tian), a. Beyond 
or outside of Christianity. 
Science and philosophy . . . are neither Christian nor 
Unchristian, but are Extrachrigtian, and have a world of 
their own, which . . . is not only unsectarian, but is alto- 
gether secular. Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 341. 
extracloacal (eks'tra-klo-a/kal), a. In ana t.. 
situated outside the cloaca, as the penes of 
snakes and lizards. Huxley. 
extraconstellary (eks-tra-kon'ste-la-ri), a. [< 
L. extra, outside, + E. constell(ation) + -aryl.] 
Outside of the constellations: an epithet ap- 
plied to those stars which are not classed under 
any constellation. 
extracostalis (eks"tra-kos-ta'lis), n. ; pi. extra- 
costales (-lez). [NL., < L. extra, outside, + costa, 
rib : see costal.] An external intercostal mus- 
cle; one of the intercostales externi. Coves. 
extracranial (eks-tra-kra'ni-al), o. Situated 
beyond the cranium; not entering into the 
composition of the cranium, though associated 
therewith. 
extract 
The hyoid [in Insectivora] is formed generally, like that 
of the Carnivora, with three complete extracranial ossifi- 
cations in the anterior arch. 
If. //. FlHtrer, Osteology, p. 151. 
extracruraeus (eks"tra-kr6-re'us), w. [< L. ex- 
tra, outside, + NL. crurteus, q. v.] The outer 
portion of the cruneus muscle, commonly called 
the vastus externus. Coues. 
extract (eks-trakf), v. t. [< L. extractus, pp. of 
extrahere (see extray), draw out, drag out, with- 
draw, extricate, also prolong, protract, < ex, 
out, + trahere, draw: see trace 1 , tract 1 , and cf. 
iiltxtraet, attract, contract, detract, protract, re- 
tract, etc.] 1. To draw out; withdraw; take 
or get out; pull out or remove from a fixed 
position, literally or figuratively. 
May it be possible that foreign hire 
Could out of thee extract one spark of evil 
That might annoy my finger? Shak., Hen. V.,ii. 2. 
The bee 
Sits mi the bloom extracting liquid sweet. 
Milton, P. L., v. 25. 
2. To separate or eliminate, as a constituent 
part from the whole, as by distillation or heat, 
or other chemical or physical means : as, to ex- 
tract spirit from cane-juice, or salt from sea- 
water. Hence 3. Figuratively, to obtain as if 
by distillation or chemical action ; draw or bring 
out by some process : as, to extract pleasure 
from a quiet life; to extract instruction from 
adversity. 
Shivering at cold windows of print-shops, to extract a 
little amusement. Lamb, Christ's Hospital. 
4. To pick out or select; segregate, as from a 
collection, or from a book or writing. 
I have extracted out of that pamphlet a few notorious 
falsehoods. 
The passage is extracted in Roscoe's elegant version of 
the Spanish novelists. Pregcott, Ferd. and Isa!, ii. 3, note. 
Dr. Munch succeeded in extracting from the Vatican ar- 
chives matter which settles the main question of her [the 
Manx Church's] history, of which we had no record. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 67. 
TO extract the root, in tnath., to ascertain by a process 
of calculation the root of a number or quantity. 
extract (eks'trakt), n. [= OF. estrait, extrait, 
etc., m., estraite, etc., f., extract (in various 
senses), F. extrait = Pr. estrat = Sp. Pg. ex- 
tracto = It. estrat to = D. G. extract = Dan. Sw. 
extrakt, < ML. extractus, extracta, an extract 
(def. 2), < L. extractus, pp. of extrahere, draw 
out: see extract, v. Cf. extreat, estreat.'] 1. 
That which is extracted or drawn out. [Ar- 
chaic.] 
The words of Adam may be fitly the words of Christ 
concerning his Church, ' ' flesh of my flesh, and bone of my 
bones," a true native extract out of mine own body. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 56. 
2. Anything drawn from a substance by dis- 
tillation, heat, solution, or other chemical or 
physical process, as an essence or tincture. A 
pharmaceutical extract consists of the active principles of 
a drug, obtained by maceration, percolation, or decoction 
with a suitable menstruum, or by using the expressed juice 
of the fresh plant, and reducing the solution thus obtained 
to a proper consistency and strength by evaporation. The 
menstrua used are water, alcohol, and ether, or two of 
these combined, and in some cases aqua ammonise, glyce- 
rin, or hydrochloric or acetic acid is added. Hard, soft, 
and fluid extracts are distinguished. Soft extracts are 
of pilular consistence; fluid extract* are (U. S. P., 1880) 
brought to such bulk that one cubic centimeter represents 
one gram of the crude drug. 
Gum tragacanth may be considered a pure gummy ex- 
tract. Dunrfliaon. 
Hence 3f. A concentration of the principles 
or elements of anything ; a condensed embodi- 
ment or representation. 
Heathen opinion . . . supposed the world to be the 
image of God, and man to be an extract or compendious 
image of the world. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 153. 
4. In diem., a peculiar principle once supposed 
to form the basis of all vegetable extracts. 
Also called the extractive principle. 5. In lit., 
a passage taken from a book or writing; an 
excerpt; a citation; a quotation. 
Some books also may be read by deputy, and extract! 
made of them by others. Bacon, Studies. 
6f. Extraction; descent; origin. 
Host. But yet the lady, the heir, enjoys the land ? 
Lav. And takes all lordly ways how to consume it. ... 
Hoxt. She shews her extract, and I honour her for it. 
B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1. 
The apostle gives it a value suitable to its extract. 
South, Sermons. 
They themselves are sprung from some'mean rank or ex- 
tract. R. Knox (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 446). 
7. In Scots law, a copy, authenticated by the 
proper officer, of a deed, writing, or other en- 
try, the principal of which is in a public rec- 
ord, or a transcript of which taken from the 
