feddan 
cording to the official statement dated 1831, transmitting 
standards to the Russian government, and according to 
the measure of one of those standards by tile Russian com- 
mission) is 1.08 English acres ; while under the Mamelukes 
it was 1.3 acres. 
The fedda'n, the most common measure of land, was, a 
few years ago, equal to about an English acre and one 
tenth. E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, I. 371. 
feddlet, v. i. An obsolete form of fuddle. 
fedet, *' An obsolete form of feed. 
feder (fed'er), n. and v. An obsolete or dialectal 
form of feather . 
federacy (fed'e-ra-si), n. ; pi. federacies (-siz). 
[< federa(te) -f -cy ; of. confederacy.'] A con- 
federation; confederacy. [Bare.] 
There remain coins of several states of the league, and 
also coins of the league itself a plain indication both of 
the sovereignty exercised by the several members and of 
the sovereignty exercised by the whole federacy. 
Brougham. 
federal (fed'e-ral), a. and . [< F. federal = 
Sp. Pg. federal, < L. as if "fosderalis, < faedus 
(feeder-), a league, treaty, covenant, akin to 
fides, faith : see faith, fidelity.] I. a. 1. Per- 
taining to a league, covenant, or contract ; de- 
rived from a covenant between parties, par- 
ticularly between nations. 
The Romans compelled them, contrary to all federal 
right, ... to part with Sardinia. Grew. 
It [the eucharist] is a federal rite betwixt God and us. 
Hammond. 
2. Confederated; founded on an alliance by 
confederation or compact for mutual support : 
as, the federal diet of the old German empire. 
3. Pertaining to a union of states in some 
essential degree constituted by and deriving 
its power from the people of all, considered as 
an entirety, and not solely by and from each 
of the states separately : as, a federal govern- 
ment, such as the governments of the United 
States, Switzerland, and some of the Spanish- 
American republics. A .federal government is prop- 
erly one in which the federal authority is independent 
of any of its component parts within the sphere of the 
federal action : distinguished from a confederate govern- 
ment, in which the states alone are sovereign, and which 
possesses no inherent power. 
The wants of the union are to be supplied in one way or 
another : if by the authority of the federal government, 
then it will not remain to be done by that of the state gov- 
ernments. A. Hamilton, Federalist, No. xxxvi. 
The definition of treason against the United States . . . 
took notice of the federal character of the American gov- 
ernment by denning it as levying war against the United 
States, or any one of them. Bancroft, Hist. Const., II. 149. 
Both these leagues [the Achaian federation and the 
Ki ulian League] were instances of true federal govern- 
ment, and were not mere confederations : that is, the cen- 
tral government acted directly upon all the citizens, and 
not merely upon the local governments. 
J. Fiske, Amer. Pol. Ideas, p. 76. 
But Jefferson pointed out that party divisions must al- 
ways exist in every free and deliberate society, and that 
if on a temporary superiority of the one party the other 
should resort to disunion, no Federal government could 
ever exist. Schouler, Hist. U. S., I. 422. 
4. Favorable to federation ; supporting the 
principle of a union of states under a common 
government ; specifically, in the United States, 
relating to, or adhering to, the support of the 
Federal Constitution. 5. In the American civ- 
il war, pertaining to or supporting the Union 
or federal government Federal City. Washington, 
as the seat of the government of the United States. Fed- 
eral Constitution. See Constitution of the United States, 
under constitution. Federal headship, in the system of 
federal theology, the headship of Adam, who is regarded as 
the federal head of the race, because he was the one 
with whom, as a representative of the race, the covenant 
of works was made by God, prior to the fall. Federal 
party, in U. S. Met., a name applied first to those who fa- 
vored the adoption by the States of the Constitution framed 
by the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787, 
and later to the party which in the ftrst years of the feder- 
al government became fully formed under the leadership 
of Alexander Hamilton. It controlled the general govern- 
ment till 1801, then declined, and about 1824 became ex- 
tinct. Its chief aims were the creation and maintenance of 
a strong central government, the strengthening of the spirit 
of nationalism, the control of politics by the more intelli- 
gent and substantial classes, the fostering of commercial 
interests, and the preservation of friendly relations with 
Great Britain. 
On the one side, the undivided phalanx of the federal 
parti/ (for they had not then taken the name of whig) 
T. H. Benton, Thirty Years, I. 225. 
Federal theology. See theology. 
U. n. 1. A supporter of federation ; one de- 
voted to a union of states in a national gov- 
ernment or to its preservation; a unionist. 
Specifically 2. [cop.] In the American civil 
war, a Unionist ; particularly, a Union soldier : 
opposed to Confederate. 
A sharp action occurred, resulting in the capture of 
many Federals. N. A. Rev., CXXVI. 255. 
federalisation, federalise. See fedrralization, 
federalize. 
2167 
federalism (fed'e-ral-izm), n. [= F. fedcra- 
tixme = Sp. Pg. It. federalismo; as federal + 
-ism.] The doctrine or system of federation 
or federal union in government ; the principle 
of assigning to the care of a central govern- 
ment such matters of common concernment as 
may be agreed upon, and all others to that of 
the governments of the federated states, prov- 
inces, or tribes; more specifically, the aggre- 
gate principles or doctrines of a federal party, 
as the Federalists of the United States. Feder- 
alism has been practised by many uncivilized races, as the 
ancient German tribes and some of the American Indians, 
chiefly for warlike purposes. It existed for certain civil 
purposes also among the Greeks and other ancient and 
medieval peoples, as in the English heptarchy, was more 
largely developed in the old German empire, and has since 
been adopted in many countries, especially republics. 
(See federal, a., 2.) Its introduction into France was ad- 
vocated by the Girondists after the fall of the monarchy. 
We see every man that the Jacobins choose to appre- 
hend taken up, ... whether he be suspected of royalism 
or federalism, moderantism, democracy royal, or any other 
of the names of the faction which they start by the hour. 
Burke, Policy of the Allies. 
Intense Federalist as he was, his Federalism agreed with 
a stout anti-aristocratic spirit. 
H. E. Scudder, Noah Webster, p. 46. 
Stated broadly, so as to acquire somewhat the force of a 
universal proposition, the principle of federalism is just 
this : that the people of a state shall have full and entire 
control of their own domestic affairs, which directly con- 
cern them only, and which they will naturally manage 
with more intelligence and with more zeal than any dis- 
tinct governing body could possibly exercise ; but that, as 
regards matters of common concern between a group of 
states, a decision shall in every case be reached, not by 
brutal warfare or by weary diplomacy, but by the system- 
atic legislation of a central government which represents 
both states and people, and whose decisions can always 
be enforced, if necessary, by the combined physical power 
of all the states. J. Fiske, Amer. Pol. Ideas, p. 133. 
The method by which federalism attempts to reconcile 
the apparently inconsistent claims of national sovereignty 
and of state sovereignty consists of the formation of a con- 
stitution under which the ordinary powers of sovereignty 
are elaborately divided between the common or national 
government and the separate States. 
A. V. Dicey, Law of Const., p. 131. 
federalist (fed'e-ral-ist), . [= F. federaliste 
= Sp. Pg. U. federalista ; as federal + -ist.] 1. 
In polities, an advocate or a supporter of feder- 
alism ; specifically, an advocate of a close union 
of states under a common government, or a 
supporter of such a union as against those who 
would weaken or destroy it ; in U. S. hist, [cop.}, 
a member of the Federal party. See federal, a. 
And according to the degree of pleasure and pride we 
feel iu being republicans ought to be our zeal in cherish- 
ing the spirit and supporting the character of federalists. 
Madison, Federalist, No. x. 
The Federalists were the only proper tories our politics 
have ever produced, whose conservatism truly represented 
an idea, and not a mere selfish interest men who hon- 
estly distrusted democracy, and stood up for experience, 
or the tradition which they believed for such, against em- 
piricism. LoweU, Study Windows, p. 105. 
The party name of Federalist has since become histori- 
cal; and yet, to speak logically, it was the Anti-Federal 
party that sustained a federal plan, while the Federalist 
contended for one more nearly national. 
Schouler, Hist. U. S., I. 54. 
2. One who accepts the federal theology (which 
see, under theology). 
federalization (fed"e-ral-i-za'shon), n. [< fed- 
eralize + -ation.] 1. The act of federalizing, 
or the state of being federalized. 2. Confed- 
eration ; federal union. Stiles. [Bare.] 
Also federalisation. 
federalize (fed'e-ral-iz), v. ; pret. and pp. fed- 
eralized, ppr. federalizing. [< federal + -ize.] 
I. trans. To make federal ; impart a federal or 
confederate character to. 
II. intrans. To unite by compact ; league, as 
different states; confederate for political pur- 
poses. Barlow. [Bare.] 
Also federalise. 
federally (fed'e-ral-i), adv. In a federal or 
joint manner; in accordance with a covenant 
or league. 
Nevertheless the transgression of Adam, who had all 
mankind Fcederally, yea, Naturally, in him, has involved 
this Infant in the guilt of it. 
C. Mather, quoted in O. W. Holmes's Med. Essays, p. 360. 
federaryt (fed'e-ra-ri), H, [Also in shortened 
form fedary; < L. as if *fcederarius, < fcedus 
(feeder-), a league: see federal.] A confeder- 
ate ; an accomplice. 
More, she's a traitor ; and Camillo is 
Afederary with her. Shak., \V. T., ii. 1. 
[This word is so printed in the original folio, which is un- 
usually correct in the printing of this play. It occurs no- 
where else except in the contracted form fedary, also used 
by Shakspere and others. Some editors prefer to react 
feodary (which see) in both passages.] 
federate (fed'e-rat), v. t.-. pret. and pp. feder- 
ated, ppr. federating. [< L. fcederatus, pp. of 
fcederare, league together, < fcedus (feeder-), a 
fedoa 
league : see federal.] To form into a federa- 
tion ; constitute as a federation. 
Did the Chancellor himself, too, dream of federating 
the Continent against England? Lowe, Bismarck, II. 162. 
Members of & federated empire which has accomplished 
such notable work. Contemporary Rev., L. 158. 
If any change is made, the British Empire must cease 
to exist as such, and what was an Empire must become 
(if anything) either a confederacy or a Federated Nation. 
Nineteenth Century, XIX. 33. 
federate (fed'e-rat), a. [= Sp. Pg. federado = 
It.federato, < L. fcederdtus, pp. of fcederare, es- 
tablish by treaty or league: see federate, v.] 
Leagued; confederate; federal: as, federate 
nations or powers; " a federate alliance," War- 
burton, Alliance, ii. [Bare.] 
federation (fed-e-ra'shdn), . [= F. federa- 
tion = Sp. federation = Pg. federaqtto = It. fe- 
derazione, < L. as if *fcederatio(n-), < foederare, 
league together: see federate.] 1. The act of 
uniting in confederation by league and cove- 
nant. 
If federation of the colonies be partly accomplished, 
the path was opened up by another Irishman. 
Contemporary Rev., LIII. 27. 
2. A league ; a confederacy ; a federal alli- 
ance. 
That renowned federation [the United Provinces] had 
reached the height of power, prosperity, and glory. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., ii. 
Till the war-drum throbb'd no longer, and the battle-flags 
were furl'd 
In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world. 
Tennyson, Locksley Hall. 
The nation as such is brutally immoral. Nor is there 
much hope or cheer in the prospect of a federation of na- 
tions, even if there were any signs of its coming, and not 
rather a crowd of portents indicative of the creation of 
new nationalities more essentially antagonistic than the 
old. H. Taylor, Mind, XIII. 431. 
3. A federal government, as that of the United 
States, Switzerland, or Germany Feast of the 
federation, the name given to an assemblage of several 
hundred thousand persons from all parts of France in the 
Champ de Mars, Paris, July 14th, 1790 (the first anniver- 
sary of the storming of the Bastile), at which, with reli- 
gious solemnities and amid frenzied rejoicings, the king 
and all classes, but especially delegates from all military 
bodies, took an oath to support the newly established con- 
stitution and liberties of the country. = Syn. See confed- 
eration. 
federationist (fed-e-ra'shon-ist), n. [< federa- 
tion + -ist.] One who favors political federa- 
tion ; specifically, one who advocates the estab- 
lishment of a federal union among the parts 
of the British empire. 
We cannot wonder, therefore, if such a successful fed- 
erationist as Sir John Macdonald anticipates in Australa- 
sia, and even in South Africa, the same successful results 
as have been obtained in Canada. 
Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XXXIX. 295. 
federative (fed'e-ra-tiv), a. [= F. federatif = 
Sp. Pg. federative; as federate + -ive.] Of, 
pertaining to, or of the nature of federation; 
uniting in a league ; federal : as, a federative 
government; the federative principle. 
They . . . suggest to them leagues of perpetual amity, 
*i the very time when the power to which our constitu- 
tion has exclusively delegated the federative capacity of 
this kingdom may find it expedient to make war upon 
them. Burke, Rev. in France. 
An interesting inquiry here arises, whether the treaty- 
making power in A federative union, like the United States, 
can alienate the domain of one of the states without its 
consent. Woolsey, 1 nt md. to Inter. Law, 99. 
federatively (fed'e-ra-tiv-li), adv. In a feder- 
ative or federal manner ; as a league or confed- 
eracy. 
The periodical disorders to which federatively consti- 
tuted states are liable. Pop. Sri. Mo., XXVI. 107. 
fedifragoust (fe-dif 'ra-gus), a. [= Pg. It. fedi- 
frago, < L./<K*/r()rM, league-breaking, perfid- 
ious, < fcedus, a league, + frangere (/ "frag), 
break.] Treaty-breaking. 
We see it [adultery] plagued to teach us that the sin is 
of a greater latitude than some imagine it ; unclean, foe- 
difragous, perjured. Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 250. 
fedityt, fcedityt (fed'i-ti), n. [< L. fcedita(t-)s, 
foulness, < fcedus, foul, vile, infamous.] Vile- 
ness ; turpitude. 
For that hee seeing and perceiving what sodomiticall 
feditie and abomination, with other inconneniences, did 
spring incontinently upon his diabolical! doctrine, yet for 
all that would not give ouer his pestilent purpose. 
Foxe, Martyrs, p. 1063. 
A second may be the fcedity and unnaturalness of the 
match. Bp. Hall, Cases of Conscience, iv. 10. 
Some feditiei common among the Gnosticks, not fit to 
be named. Bp. Lavington, Moravians Compared, p. 65. 
fedoa (fed'o-a), n. [NL.] In ornith. : (a) An old 
name (1) of" the redshank, Totanus ealidris; 
(2) of the stone-plover, (Edicnemus crepitans; 
(3) of a barge or godwit, some species of the 
genus Limosa. (b) The specific name of the 
