finale 
It was aiTuiiKed that the two horsemen should first 
occupy the arena, . . . that Glaurus and tht- linn should 
next perform their purl in the bloody speetarle, and the 
ti'^er :md the Vi/iireiie lit- the OTMldjInafe. 
j!u>n'''r. Last l>ays of Pompeii, v. 2. 
finality (fi-ual'i-ti), n. [< LL. fnaUtn(t-)s, the 
being last, < li.finatis, last: see fatal.] 1. Tho 
quality or state of being final ; the state of 
being settled or finally arranged ; completion ; 
conclusion. 
Now, fellow-citizens, I view the finaliti/ of the Com- 
promise as necessary to the peace and preservation of the 
Union. J. Buchanan, in Curtis, II. 65. 
Impat Sent of finality, we make each goal, when reached, 
a starting-point for further quest. 
tf. //. Lewex, Probs. of Life and .Mind, 1. 16. 
It is a grave question whether in one art at least/ina/- 
it;i has not been achieved. Fortnightly lieo., N. S., XL. 369. 
2. In philos., the doctrine that nothing exists 
or was made except for a determinate end ; the 
doctrine of final causes. 
But the very best explanation is imperfect if we refuse 
to restrict ourselves within the limits of scientific finality, 
and demand a cause of the cause, an origin of the origin. 
O. H. Leu'es, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. ii. S 5. 
3. That which is final or last; a final act or 
result; an absolute conclusion or determina- 
tion : as, to reach a finality in a negotiation ; 
this offer is a finality. 
finally (fi'nal-i), adv. [< ME. fynally; < final 
-f- -fy 2 .] 1. At the end or conclusion; ulti- 
mately; at last; lastly: as, \iefinally submitted. 
Fynally thei aceordeden to Melechnasser, that Guytoga 
had put in Prisoun at Mountrivalle. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 38. 
Finally, brethren, farewell. 2 Cor. xiii. 11. 
Lastly and finally, mine host of the Garter. 
Shak., M. W. of \V., i. 1. 
His [Clive's] first attachments . . . were to Mr. Fox: at 
a later period he was attracted by the genius ... of Mr. 
Pitt : but finally he connected himself in the closest man- 
ner with George Grenville. Macaulay, Lord Clive. 
2. Completely; beyond recovery. 
What godes thai wold gyffe to the gret harmes, 
To affirme hit as fast, fynally for euer. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 11470. 
The enemy was finally exterminated. Sir J. Davies. 
finance (fi-nans' or fi'nans),w. [< ME.finaunce, 
fynaunce, fine, forfeit, ransom (= D. financie, 
finantie = G. finanz = Dan. Sw. finans, usual- 
ly in pi., finances), < OF. finance, pi. finances, 
wealth, substance, revenue, extraordinary lev- 
ies, F. finance, cash, ready money, finance, pi. 
finances, finances, money matters, = Pr. finati- 
sa = OSp. finanza = Pg. finanya = It. finanza, 
quittance, pi. finanze, finance, revenue, < ML. 
financia, a money payment, money, < finare, 
pay a fine or tax (> It. finare, end, quit, dis- 
charge, = OF. finer, pay), < ML. finis, a pay- 
ment in settlement, a fine, tax: see fine 1 , n.] 
If. A fine; forfeit; ransom. 
I am your presoner thys instance, 
In your handes take at thys ionrnay, lo! 
I you here besech to make ordinance, 
In such wyse I may be put to finance. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1853. 
2. pi. Revenue ; funds in the treasury, or accru- 
ing to itj resources of money : as, the finances 
of the government were in a low condition. 
All the finances or revenues of the imperial crown. 
Bacon, Office of Alienations. 
3. pi. The income or resources of an individual. 
[Colloq.] 
These, and a few less defensible fancies, 
Brought the Knight to the end of his slender finances. 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 34. 
4. The science of monetary business or affairs ; 
the system by which the income of a nation, 
state, or corporation is raised and administer- 
ed ; pecuniary management in general : as, the 
study of political economy and finance ; the sys- 
tem of finance pursued by an administration, 
or a bank, corporation, or other company. 
I hope, however, he will not rely too much on the fertil- 
ity of Lord North's genius for finance. Juniug, Letters, i. 
Of the fifty poets whose lives Johnson has written, Mon- 
tague and Prior were the only two who were distinguished 
by an intimate knowledge of trade and finance. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vii. 
Minister Of finance, in the countries of continental Eu- 
rope, a cabinet officer who has the general direction of the 
public finance of the country and the supervision of the 
budget in the legislative body. Similar functions are exer- 
cised in Great Britain nominally by the First Lord of the 
Treasury, but really by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
and in the United States by the Secretary of the Treasury, 
finance (fi-nans'), v. ; pret. and pp. financed, ppr. 
financing. [= F. faianccr, advance money; 
from the noun.] I. intrans. To conduct finan- 
cial operations; manage finances in either a 
public or a private capacity : often used in a 
derogatory sense. 
2219 
Those millions you have heaped together with your 
financing work. Car////-', in Fronde, II. 384. 
II. trans. To manage financially ; be finan- 
cier for; furnish with finances or money. 
sir Solomon Medina financed the commissariat in the 
duke of Marlborough's campaigns. Encyc. Brit., XIII. 684. 
How these Western railways, running through a poor 
country, are to pay the different companies whofiiutnce 
them, construct them, stock them, issue first preferences 
on them, and water their shares, is a branch of business 
Jiot given to every fellow to understand. 
W. Shepherd, Prairie Experiences, p. 264. 
Indeed, this naturally leads me to say a word or two 
about the manner in which the institution visa financed. 
Fortnightly Jteo., N. S., XXXIX. 23. 
financial (fi-nan'shal), a. [= D. financieel = G. 
finanziell = Dan. Sw. finansiel; as finance + 
-i-al.] Pertaining to finance or to revenue; 
pertaining or relating to money matters: as, 
financial operations. 
Godolphin, . . . vfhose financial skill had been greatly 
missed during the summer, was brought back to the Trea- 
sury. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xvi. 
The revenue from all sources, including loans, for the 
financial year ending on the 30th of June, 1861, was $86,- 
835,900.27. Lincoln, in Raymond, p. 168. 
financially (fi-nan'slial-i), adv. In relation to 
finances ; in respect to funds. 
I consider, therefore, the stopping of the distillery, ceco- 
nomically, financially, commercially, ... as a measure 
rather well meant than well considered. Burke, Scarcity. 
financier (fiu-an- or fi-nan-ser'), n, [Formerly 
sometimes written financeer; < F. financier (Sp. 
financiero = Pg. financeiro = It. finanziere), a 
financier, moneyed man, < finance, finance: see 
finance.] 1. An officer who is intrusted with 
the control of financial interests ; one who regu- 
lates or manages the public revenues. 
The most judicious tax which a financier could devise 
would excite murmurs if it were called the Ship money. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xxiii. 
2. One skilled in financial operations, whether 
public, corporate, or individual; one who un- 
derstands money matters. 
Sidney, lord, and subsequently earl Godolphin, next to 
Halifax the most experienced financier of the age, was, on 
the advice of Marlborough, appointed lord treasurer. 
S. Dmcell, Taxes in England, II. 68. 
3. In France, formerly, a receiver or farmer of 
the public revenues. 
financier (fin-an- or fi-nan-ser'), v . [Formerly 
also written financeer; < financier, n."] I. in- 
trans. To conduct financial operations; act as 
a financier; finance; in a derogatory sense, 
to engage in financial scheming or irregular 
pecuniary transactions. 
II. trans. To act as financier for; manage or 
contrive ways and means for; finance. 
financiering (fin-an- or fi-nan-ser'ing), n. The 
management of financial operations. 
In 1836 the political circumstances of the country were 
in general ill calculated to evolve sound or even careful 
financiering. The American, VII. 164. 
There is no reason to expect a change of policy until the 
dangers which lie in surplus financiering are clearly ap- 
prehended. New Princeton Rev., V. 79. 
finary. . See finery*. 
finback (fin'bak), n. A finner or fin-whale. 
finback-calf (fin'bak-kaf), n. A whalers' name 
for the sharp-headed finner, Jialavioptera david- 
xoni. Also called young finback. [Pacific coast, 
U. S.] 
finch 1 (finch), n. [< ME. finch, fyiich, < AS. fine 
= D. vink = MLG. vink, vinke = OHGr. finclio, 
MHG. G. finke, fink = Sw. fink = Dan. finke, 
a finch, = W. pine, a chaffinch. From the 
Celtic form repr. by W. pine are prob. E. dial, 
and Sc. pink, and F. pinson = Sp. pinchon, pin- 
eon = It. pincione, in ML. pincio(n-). A third 
E. form is spink, q. v. Similar forms appear in 
Bret, pint, tint, Slov. penika, Bohem. penlcava, 
penice, Slovak, pinka, penkava, Russ. pienka, 
hedge-sparrow, warbler (which see), Esthonian 
wink, etc., finch (the chaffinch being common 
throughout the whole of Europe), all prob. in 
imitation of the call-note (which is thought to 
sound like " fink" or "pink ") of the male chaf- 
finch. The word occurs chiefly with a distinc- 
tive epithet: see phrase names below, and the 
compounds bullfinch] chaffinch, goldfinch, green- 
finch, hawfinch, mountain-finch, etc.] 1. The 
chaffinch; any bird of the genus Fringilla or 
family Fringillidai, of which the species are 
very numerous; a bunting, sparrow, grosbeak, 
etc. See Fringillidce. 
The finch, the sparrow, and the lark, 
The plain-song cuckoo gray. 
Shak., M. N. I)., iii. 1 (song). 
They sang, as blythe as finches sing, 
That flutter loose on golden wing. 
Cowper, The Faithful Ilird. 
finch 
2. Any small conirostral oscine passerine bird, 
as of the family Ploceida- or 2'anagridm ; a wea- 
ver-bird or tanager. 3. Loosely, in composi- 
tion, some other small bird, as the tallow-finch. 
Angola flnch, a kind of serin linch, > ritntjuinyvlensix. 
Latham, 1783. - Bell's finch, .1 iitpliigpiza Mil, of western 
parts of the United States : named for J. (j. Bell, a noted 
taxidermist of New York. Black-and-orange finch, 
M'-lophun inelanict?rii*, ;i i-ivsted bunting of Asia. La- 
tham, 1783. Black-faced finch, a South American crest- 
ed finch, Coryphomhingiu cri*tatun. Black-throated 
finch, AiniilLixpiza bilineata, of the western parts of the 
United States. Blanding'B finch, J'ipilo chlorurus, of 
the western parts of the United States. Also called green- 
tailed sparrow. Bramble-finch. Same as brambling. 
Brisk finch, the chaffinch. [Local, Eng.J Bud-finch, 
the bullfinch. Also bud-bird, bud-picker. Cardinal- 
finch. Same as cardinal-bird. Casein's finch, (a) A 
kind of purple finch, Carpodacuy castrini, closely resembling 
the common species, but larger, inhabiting southwestern 
parts of the United States : named for the famous orni- 
thologist John Camin, of Philadelphia, (b) Peuccea cassi- 
ni, a kind of summer flnch of southwestern parts of the 
United States : named for the same. Cherry-finch, the 
hawfinch, Coccothrawltett vidtjarig: from its fondness for 
cherry -pits. Chinese finch, a kind of green finch, Liyu. 
rinus sinica. Latham, 1783. Cinereous finch, the large 
gray song-sparrow of the Aleutian islands and other parts 
of Alaska, Melospiza cinerea. Latham, 1783 ; Pennant, 
1785. Citril-flnch. Same as citril. Latham, 1783. 
Copper finch, the chaffinch : so called from the chestnut 
color of the breast. [Devonshire and Cornwall, Eng.] 
Crimson flnch. Same as purple finch. Couex. Criin- 
son-fronted finch. Same as h ouse-fi nch. Crimson- 
headed finch, the common purple flnch of Europe and 
Asia, Carpodacus erythrinus. 'Latham, 1789. Fasciated 
finch, the common song-sparrow of the United States, 
Melospiza melodia or St. fasciata : a name given by La- 
tham in 1783. Fox-finch, the fox-sparrow (which see). 
See also Paiserella. Gold flnch. (a) See goldfinch, (b) 
The yellow-hammer. [Local, Eng.] Grass-finch, the 
bay-winged bunting, Poceceteg fframineus; the vesper- 
bird, one of the commonest sparrows of the United States. 
Green flnch. () See greenfinch, (b) The Texas spar- 
row, Embernagra ritfomrgata. See Embernagra. Har- 
ris's finch, Zonotrichia querula, the hooded crown-spar- 
row, of interior parts of the United States and British 
America. Horse-flnch, the chaffinch. [Local, Eng.] 
House-finch, the burion or crimson-fronted purple flnch, 
Carpodacm frontalis: so called from its domesticity in 
New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Indigo-finch. 
Same as indigo-bird. Lapland flnch, the longspur, Cen- 
trophanes lapponicus. Latham, 1783. Lark-finch, the 
lark-sparrow, Chondestes graintnica. See Chondegtes. 
Lazuli-fmch, a kind of painted flnch, Patsserina amaena. 
See lazuli. Lesser pled mountain-finch, the snow- 
bunting, Plectrophanes nivalui. Lincoln's flnch, ilelo- 
spiza lincolni, closely related to the song-sparrow and 
swamp-sparrow, of plain spotted and streaked coloration 
with a buff band across the breast, found nearly all over 
North America : named for one Robert Lincoln, sometime 
a companion of Audubon. Linnet-finch, the linnet, 
Linota cannabina. Long-tailed finch, Emberizoides 
ntacrura. See Emberizoides. Maze-finch, the chaffinch. 
[Cornwall, Eng. ] Mountain- flnch. (a) The brambling. 
(6t) A misnomer of the Canadian sparrow or tree-sparrow, 
Spizella manticola. Latham, 1783. Fainted flnch, one 
of the several species of the gen us Pattserina or Cyanotepiza, 
the nonpareil, the indigo-bird, or the lazuli-flnch : so called 
from the brilliant and varied colors. All are American, 
and some are common birds of the United States, as the 
three named. See cut under indigo-bird. Pea-finch, 
the chaffinch. [Local, Eng.] Pied finch, (n) The chaf- 
finch: so called from its variegated colors. [Local, Eng.] 
(b) The snow-bunting, Plectrophanes nivalis, in the plu- 
mage of winter, or of the female and young male. Pine- 
flnch. (a) The chaffinch. [Local, Eng.] (6) The pine- 
siskin, Chrysomitris pinutf: so called from its fondness 
for the seeds of the pine. [U. S.] Purple flnch, a crim- 
son flnch ; any member of the genus Carpodacus (which 
see), especially C. purpureus. The name is a misnomer, 
arising from the faulty coloring of a plate by Mark Cates- 
by, 1731. Also called purjtle bullfinch. Red-breasted 
fincht, the rose-breasted grosbeak. See gronbeak. La- 
tham ; Pennant. Red-headed finch, a redpoll (which 
see); any species of the genus j-Egiothus. Rose or rosy 
finch, one of several species of the genus Leuconticte (which 
see), all of which have some of the feathers skirted with 
rose-red or crimson. The best-known is L. tephrocotis. 
Nearly all of them inhabit western parts of North America. 
Rufous-chlnned flncht, the black sparrow of Jamaica, 
Loxigilla noctig. Latham, 1783. Savanna-finch, :ni nM 
and disused name of the common yellow-winged sparrow 
or grasshopper-sparrow of the United States. Cotitrnicrthtg 
pagserinug: so called by Latham, 1783, after the name 
saranna-lrird of Sloane, 1726. See cut under Cotm-niculiu. 
Seaside flnch, one of the birds of the genus Ammo- 
droning; specifically. A. maritimug, a common marsh- 
sparrow of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Serin 
finch. See serin and Serinns. Sharp-tailed flnch, a 
kind of seaside flnch, Ammodromus caudacutux, common 
along the Atlantic coast of the United States, having acu- 
minate tail-feathers. Storm-finch, the stormy petrel, 
Procellaria pelaijica : an old local (British) name and book- 
name. Strasburg finch, the linnet, Linota cannabina. 
Latham, 1783. Summer flnch, one of several species of 
the American genus Peuc&a, one of which was originally 
described as Frinirilla crstivalig. They are common birds 
of southerly portions of the United States and of Mexico. 
Thistle-finch, the goldfinch, Carduelis elegans. 'fo 
pull a flncht, to swindle an ignorant or unsuspecting 
person. Compare to pluck a pigeon (under pigeon). 
Prively afynch eek cowde he mtlle. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 652. 
Tree-finch, the tree-sparrow, Spizella monticola. La- 
tham, 1783. Twite-finch. Same as tmte.~ White flnch, 
the chaffinch : so called from the white bands on the wings. 
Alsowhiteicing. [Local, Eng.] White-throated finch, 
the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollig. See 
sparrow. Yellow finch, a kind of serin flnch, Serinus 
flavirentrig. Also called Indian ftwiifinch. Latham, 
