foldedly 
foldedlyt (fol'ded-li), adr. In folds. 
The habite of her I'riest wus . . . :i |i. m;i Iv nt >ilnered 
stulfe, about her shoulders, hanging /omtctty <lo\vu. 
Chat/man, Masque of Middle Temple. 
folder (fol'dfer), n. [< /o/rfl + -frl.] 1. One 
who or that which folds ; specifically, a flat 
knife-like instrument, frequently of bone or 
ivory, used in folding paper. 2. A circular, 
time-table, map, or other printed paper folded 
in such a way that it may be spread out in one 
sheet. [U. S.] 
The Fitchburg Eailroad has just issued a local folder 
corrected to July 5. It is one of the best, containing 
well-arranged time-tables, a good map, and much local 
information. The CongregattmMitt, July 14, 1887. 
3. In entom., one of many insects which fold 
leaves : as, the grape-leaf folder. See Desmia 
and leaf-folder. 
folderol (fol'de-rol), n. [Also (So.) falderall; 
appar. from similar syllables, without mean- 
ing, forming the refrain of various old songs ; 
of. fallal.] 1. Mere nonsense; an idle fancy 
or conceit ; a silly trifle. 
The folde rote which I think they call accomplishments. 
Spunjeon, John Ploughman's Talk. 
2. pi. Trivial ornaments ; fallals. 
They can get their dresses undfol-de-rols fresh from the 
loom of fashion in a few hours. The Xeir Minor, II. 353. 
fold-garth (fold 'garth), n. A farm-yard. 
[North. Bug.] 
folding (fol'ding), n. [Verbal n. of fold*-, .] 
A fold ; a double. 
The lower foldings of the vest. Addison. 
That darkness of character where we can see no heart, 
those foldings of art through which no native affection 
is allowed to penetrate, present an object unamiable in 
every season of life, but particularly odious in youth. 
H. Blair, Works, I. xi. 
folding-boards (foTding-bordz), n. )>l. In min- 
iiig, a form of cage-shuts used in Scotland. 
folding-machine (fol'ding-ma-shen*), n. 1. A 
mechanism that automatically folds printed 
sheets. Such machines have sometimes at- 
tachments for cutting, insetting, covering, and 
pasting. 2. A pressing and shaping machine 
for forming hollow ware from sheet-metal. 
fpldless (fold'les), a. [</oM!, ., + -less.] Hav- 
ing no folds. 
fold-net (fold'net), n. A sort of net with which 
small birds are taken. 
folduret (fol'dur), n. [< foW, r., + -nre.] The 
act of folding. Lamb. 
foldy (fol'di), a. [</oWl, ., +-#!.] Full of 
folds ; plaited into folds ; hanging in folds. 
[Kare.] 
Those limbs beneath their foldy vestments moving. 
J. Baillie. 
fold-yard (fold'yard), w. A yard for folding 
or feeding cattle or sheep. 
foleH, " A Middle English form otfoal. 
fole 2 t, " A Middle English form of fool 1 . 
folehardinesset, folehardyt. Middle English 
forms ot fool/tardiness, foolhardy. 
folelarget, a. A Middle English form of fool- 
large. 
folewe 1 t, ' See follow. 
folewe 2 t, r. Seefulis. 
foleyet, v. An obsolete variant of fool 1 . 
folia 1 (fo-le'a), n. [Sp. folia (= Pg. folia), a 
sort of dance, lit. folly, extravagance : see fol- 
li/.] 1. A Spanish dance for one person. 2. 
Music for such a dance, or in imitation of its 
rhythm, which is triple and slow. 
folia'' 2 , n. Plural of folium. 
foliaceous (fd-li-a'shius), a. [= Sp. foliaceo = 
Pg. folhaceo = It. fogliaceo, foliaceo, < L. foli- 
aceus, leafy, of leaves, < folium, a leaf: see 
foil 1 .'] 1. Being or resembling a leaf. 
One of these creatures [Certtxylu* laceratus] was cover- 
ed over vtithfoliaceoits excrescences of a clear olive green 
colour, so as exactly to resemble a stick grown over by a 
creeping moss. A. U. Wallace, Nat. Select., p. 64. 
(a) In bot., having the texture or form of a leaf ; bearing 
leaves ; leafy. (6) In zool., having parts or processes like 
leaves ; ramifying like a leafy branch ; foliate ; expanded 
and thin, but not fiat. Also frondose. 
The first and second maxilla? are foliaceow. 
Huxley, Crayfish, p. 255. 
2. Consisting of thin laminse ; having the form 
of a leaf or plate: as, foliaceous spar. Folia- 
ceous lichen, one that is peltate and attached only by the 
center, as Umbilicaria, or expanded, variously lobed, at- 
tached by rhizoids, and separable from the substratum, as 
Partnelia and others. Compare crustacruus tmdfruticose. 
Foliaceous tibiae, in entom., tibife which are entirely 
or partly expanded into a thin, horny plate, which often 
resembles a leaf or flower-petal : a form found in certain 
Heteroptera. 
foliage (fo'li-aj), n. [Altered (to suit folia- 
ceous, foliation, etc., directly from L.) < OF. 
Medieval Conventionalized Foli- 
age, Notre Dame, Paris ; end of 
Due's 
2302 
fniilliiiji, V. fi'iiillngi; leaves, foliage, < OF. 
fin ill/\ fnilli-. ]'. friiillc, a leaf. < L. folium. :i 
leaf: see foil 1 arid folio.] 1. Leaves in gen- 
eral; especially, growing leaves, collectively, 
in their natural form and condition. 
There is not an lieurbe throughout the ganlen that tak- 
eth \\t greater compasse with fiifltfi'i-' than doth the beet. 
Holland, tr. of 1'liny, xix. x. 
Green as the bay-tree, ever green, 
With its new foliage on, 
The gay, the thoughtless, have I seen. 
Cowper, Stanzas for 1787. 
Thon, with all thy breadth and height 
I if fnliaye, towering sycamore. 
/ myMO, In Memoriam, Ixxxix. 
2. A cluster of 
leaves, flowers, and 
branches; particular- 
ly, in arch., the more 
or less conventional- 
ized representation 
of leaves, flowers, 
and branches used 
to ornament and en- 
rich capitals, friezes, 
pediments, etc. 
A Myrtle Foliage round 
the Thimble-case. 
I'ope, The Basset-Table. 
The arch of triumph 
. . . looks very much as 
if it had been preserved 
from the earlier church ; 
and such is clearly the 
case with two columns 
and one capital, whose 
classical Corinthian foli- 
age stands in marked con- 
trast with the Venetian 
imitations on each side of 
it. E. A. Freeman, Ven- 
(ice, p. 120. 
^Ylliacrflll ^fo'li-aiH^ ijthcentury. (From Viollet-le- 
io '\ "Diet, de ^Architecture." ) 
a. [< foltage + -ed%.] 
Having foliage ; covered or decorated with fo- 
liage. 
Lifting tow'rd the sky 
The foliated head in cloudlike majesty, 
The shadow-casting race of trees survive. 
Wordgtcorth, Vernal Ode, iii. 
foliage-plant (fo'li-aj-plant), . A plant con- 
spicuous for its fine foliage rather than for its 
flowers, as the various kinds of coleus and cro- 
tons, etc. Beautiful and striking effects are produced 
by the cultivation of foliage-plants in artistically disposed 
masses, forming beds, borders, fantastic patterns, etc. 
foliage-tree (fo'li-aj-tre), n. A tree with broad 
leaves, such as the oak, elm, and ash, as dis- 
tinguished from a needle-leafed tree. 
folial(fo'li-al), . [< lj. folium, leaf (see foil 1 ), 
+ -al.] Pertaining to or resembling foliage ; 
belonging to leaves. [Rare.] 
Wolff in 17.TO, Liiiiiiciu between 1780 and 1770, Goethe in 
1790, De Candolle in 1827, and Schleiden in 18:S, alike as- 
serted the community of structure in the folial and the 
floral leaves. G. D. Boardman, Creative Week, p. 314. 
foliar (fo'li-jir), a. [= F. foliaire = Pg. folltear, 
<L. folium, a leaf : see foil 1 ."] Consisting of or 
pertaining to leaves; inserted in, proceeding 
from, or resembling a leaf: as, foliar appen- 
dages. 
Not only colour, but even form, may be thus affected 
[by the foliage], and the strange leaf-insects crawl about, 
each in limb and body a perfect /o/iar fragment. 
Mioart, Nature and Thought, p. 3. 
The ripened capsule, with bursting sides, afforded evi- 
dence of the foliar nature of the carpels. Science, V. 478. 
Foliar gap, in vascular cryptogams, a mesh or break in 
the flbrovascillar bundle-cylinder of the stem, from the 
margin of which a bundle diverges into a leaf, and through 
which the pith communicates with the outer tissue. 
foliate (fo'li-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. foliated, 
ppr. foliating. [< MTj. foliatus, pp. of foliare 
(> It'fogtiare = Pg. folltear = Sp. hojcar = Pr. 
folhar, foillar, fuelhar, fiilhar = F. feuiller), 
put forth leaves, < L. folium, a leaf: see foil 1 .'] 
1. To beat into a leaf, thin plate, or lamina; 
shape or dispose like a leaf; divide into foils 
or leaves. 
If gold \>e foliated, and held between your eyes and the 
light, the light looks of a greenish blue. 
& r ewt'tn, Optieks. 
2. To spread over with a thin coat of tin and 
quicksilver, etc.: as, to foliate a looking-glass. 
foliate (fo'li-at), a. [= Pg.fotheado = It, fo- 
</li/it<>, < L. foliatus, a., leafy, leafed, < folium, a 
leaf: see foliate, r.] 1. Beaten into the form 
of a leaf or thin plate ; foliated. 
And therefore gold foliate, or any metal foliate, cleav- 
eth. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 293. 
2. In bot., leafy; furnished with leaves: as, :i 
foliate stalk. 3. In zoiil., expanded in a leaf- 
like form; foliaceous. Foliate curve. Seectim. 
folier 
foliated (fo'li-a-ted), /). (i. 1. Spread or beat- 
en out into a thin plate or leaf. 2. Covered 
with a thin plate or foil. 3. Consisting of 
plates or laminse ; resembling or in the form of 
u plate; lamellar: as, a foaated structure. 
4. (n) In art: (I) Decorated with leaf-shaped 
ornaments, or with ornaments whose disposi- 
tion and form are suggestive of foliage. (2) Cut 
into leaf-shaped divisions or irregularities of 
outline. 
A very curious bas-relief of a lion, with jlnit<'tl body. 
curling hair, and staring eyes. 
C. C. Perkins, Italian Sculpture, Int., p. xxxvii. 
(b) In arch., containing foils: as, a foli/ill 
arch. 5. In her., decorated with foliations or 
lobes; growing into or decorated with natural 
leaves. 6. In music, having notes added above 
or below: said of a plain-song melody Foliated 
tellurium. See luimiagite. 
foliation (fo-li-a'shon), . [== F.feuilUnson = 
Sp. foliacion = Pg. foleaetto. < ML. as if "folia- 
tio(n-), < foliare, put forth leaves: see foliate, 
v.] 1. The leafing of plants; vernation; the 
disposition of the nascent leaves within the 
bud; also, leafage ; foliage. 
Nor will that sov'reign arbitress admit 
Where'er her nod decrees a mass of shade, 
Plants of unequal size, discordant kind, 
Or ruled by foliation's different laws. 
Mason, Knglish Garden. 
2t. A leaf or scale. 
Thus are also disposed the triangular foliatiuni, in the 
conical! fruit of the flrre tree, orderly shadowing and pro- 
tecting the winged seeds below them. 
Sir T. Browne, Garden of t 'yrus, iii. 
3. The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, 
leaf, or foil. 4. The act or operation of spread- 
ing foil over the surface of a piece of glass to 
form a mirror. 5. The state of being folia- 
ceous or foliated. 6. In geol., an arrangement 
of the constituent minerals of a rock in thinly 
lamellar or often scale-like forms, the result of 
which is that the mass splits easily in a certain 
definite direction. Foliation may be congenital with 
the formation of the rock itself, or posterior to it: in the 
latter case the epithet foliated indicates a structure not 
essentially different from that more generally designated 
as schistose. The relations of foliation to cleavage are 
somewhat obscure. The essential difference between them 
appears to be that cleavage is rarely well developed ex- 
cept in flue-grained, argillaceous rock, which by its effects 
is usually rendered capable of almost indefinite subdivi- 
sion in one direction, while foliation separates the rock 
into bands sometimes quite distinct from each other in 
mineral character, these bands being also not infrequent- 
ly more or less irregular in thickness and rather len- 
ticular in form. By 
some geologists it is 
thought that in fo- 
liation a more ad- 
vanced stage of meta- 
morphism has been 
reached than that in- 
dicated by cleavage ; 
but it Is also highly 
probable that the ori- 
ginal lithological and 
structural character 
of the mass had much 
to do with bringing 
about the observed 
differences. See 
nchist and schistose. 
7. In arch., en- 
richment with or- 
namental cusps 
or groups of 
cusps, as in the 
tracery of me- 
dieval windows ; 
foils collectively; 
feathering. - 8. 
Arrangement by 
leaves! specifi- 
cally, a numbering of the leaves of a book in- 
stead of the pages. 
Pagination or rather foliation was first used by Arn. 
Ther Hoerneu, at Cologne in 1471, in Adrianus's Liber de 
Remediis Fortuitorum Casuum, having each leaf (not 
page) numbered by figures placed in the end of the line 
on the middle of each right-hand page. 
Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 687. 
Obvolute foliation. See obevhite. 
foliature (fo'li-a-tur), n. [= Sp. foliatura, 
numbering the pages of a book, Itojeadura, the 
act of turning over the leaves of a book, = 
Pg. folheatura, foliation, = It. fof/liatura, work 
made to represent leaves, < L. foliatura, leaf- 
work, foliage, < foliatus, leafy: see foliate."] 
Same as foliation. 
They wreathed together a foliatnr>' of the fig-tree. 
Shurly'urd, Tile Creation, p. 203. 
foliet, - A Middle English form of folly. 
folier (fo'li-er), . 1. Goldsmiths' foil. [Rare.] 
2. A leaf (of an herb or a tree); a sheet of 
Foliations in Tracery.- Sainte Cha- 
e"e, Paris, A. D. 1240. ( From Viollet-le- 
3 " 0ict ' de ***" 
