forerunner 
forerunner (for-run'er), n {.< forerun + -rri. 
Cf. c<iuiv. AS. forerynel, forrynel, <Joie, for, 
fore, + rynel, a runner.] 1. One who or that 
which foreruns; an annunciator; a harbin- 
ger : as, John the Baptist was the forerunner of 
Christ. 
of 
forerun* of more P-^Jf^***^ Venice , p . 199 . 
2f An ancestor or predecessor. 
Arthur, that great /ore-mm^ofthyblood.^ .. ^ 
3 A prognostic ; a premonitory token ; a sign 
foreshowing something to follow : as, popular 
tumults are the forerunners of revolution. 
Being grown rich with Trade, they fell to all manner 
of loosened and debauchery : the usual concomitant of 
Wealth, and as commonly %>%%%& ,. 161 . 
4 Naut., a piece of bunting or other material 
inserted in a log-line to mark the point at which 
the glass must be turned. 
foresaid (for'sed), p. a, [< ME. foresmde, for- 
id?,forseyde ; < for**- + said, pp. of gay. Cf. 
aforesaid, beforesaid.} Spoken or mentioned 
before; aforesaid. 
That Watre, thel seyn, is of here Terra: for so moche 
Watre the! wepten that ^. 
foresite 
Foreshortened as events are when we look back on them 
:l , .,,1-s u ii.nm axes, ... a whole century seems like a 
mere wild chii.'w. /,<nw, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 8. 
Displayed foreshortened, in her. See displayed. 
foreshortening (for-short'ning), n. [Verbal n. 
of foreshorten, .] In persp., the representa- 
tion of figures pointing more or less directly 
toward the spectator standing in front ot the 
wiJhSfRphS ,:,outh"ganlhu-s his-sons/o^x,.,;, ,, * ictnre or a way from a plane perpendicular to 
Sbfeuto-, tr. of Dii Bartas's Weeks, ii., Ihe Ark. ^ spectator's line of sight, but shown in such 
a manner as to convey to the mind the impres- 
sion of their just length. 
They adopted his forced attitudes and violent foreshort- 
enings without a touch of hisjoyou^grace. ^^ ^ ^ ^ 
Claudius . . foresends Publlus Ostorius Scapula, a 
great warrior, proper in,,, lirituln^ ^ ^ ^ , 
foresentencet (for'sen'tens), . Sentence or 
condemnation in advance. 
When wine had wrought, this good old man awook, 
Airni/d his crime, ashamed, wonder-strook 
\t sir L th of wine, and toucht with true repentance, 
' ** 
, . 
foreshadow (for-shad'6), v. t. To shadow, in- 
dicate, or typify beforehand. 
Our huge federal union was long ago foreshadowed in the 
little leagues of Greek cities ? k ?*?* iAeaa , p. 6. 
foreshadow (for'shad-6), n. Anantetype; an 
indication or prefiguration of something t< 
come. 
The humble birth of Jesus was an introduction to the 
hardships and Bufferings of his career. His n8 w 
the /ores/widow of his cross. Charming, Perfect Life, p. 22. 
It is only in local glimpses and by significant fragments 
that we can hope to impart some outline or fore- 
'shadow of this doctrine. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, i. 8. 
Ther schal no man be chosen into noone of these forsay de 
officers vn-to the tyme he be clene oute , of the detteof the 
formyde gylde. English GM (E. E. T. S.), p. -!7b. 
The lady Ermengare, 
Daughter to Charles the foresaid duke of Loralne. 
S/("'l"., J3.GI1. ! 1. * 
foresail (for'sal or fdr'sl), n. [= G. vorsegel = 
Dan. forseil = Sw. fiirsegel; as /ore- 1 +/] 
Naut., in a square-rigged vessel, the sail bent 
to the foreyard ; in a schooner, the fore-and- 
aft sail set on the foremast ; in a sloop or cut 
ter, the sail set on the forestay. 
foresay (for-sa'), * ; P ret - and PP- for esm(i > 
ppr. foresaying. [< ME. 'foreseyen > (not found, 
except as in pp. foresaid, q. v.), < AS.foresecgan 
(= D. voorzegqen = ODan. foresige = Svf. fore- 
saga), say before, foretell, < fore, before, + sec- 
ff,sayf see/o/e-iandsat/i.] To decree; or- 
dain. 
Let ordinance 
Come as the sods/or^t. 
forescriptt (for'skript), n. A prescription. 
It is a miserable life, to live after the physician's /ore- 
script. Quoted in Pop. Sci. Mo., XXIX. 822. 
foresee (for-se'), v. ; pret. foresaw, pp. foreseen, 
ppr foreseeing. [< ME. forsen, foreseen, < AS. 
foreseen (pret. foresedh, pp. foresewen) (= D. 
= G. vorsehen = ODan. forse, forese = 
TOOfrJtVH' = *-* Wf*www , 7 *^ 
Sw fiirese), foresee, provide, < fore, before, . 
se6n, ; see : see /ore-l and cei.] I. tram. To see 
beforehand; discern before it exists or hap- 
pens ; have prescience of ; foreknow. 
The first of them could things to come foresee; 
The next could of thinges present best advize ; 
The third things past could keep in memoree. ^ ^ 
A prudent man foreteeth the evil, and hideth himself. 
The doom foreseen upon me fell. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 332. 
Foreseen thatt, provided that ; on condition that ; grant- 
ed that. 
One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion 
foreseen that it be alway most commonly in conformity ol 
qualities with the person that eateth. Sir T. Elyot. 
II intrans. To exercise foresight. 
foreseeing (for-se'ing), p. a. Possessing the 
quality of, or characterized by, foresight ; pre- 
sciciit 
foreseeingly (for-se'ing-li), adv. With fore- 
sight ; with forethought. 
Whether you have one, or ten, or twenty processes to 
go through- you must go straight through them, know- 
ingly -^^"^ of Drawing, p. 143. 
foreshadower (for-shad'6-er), n. One who or 
that which foreshadows: as, " the foreshadow- 
ers of evil," Chambers'* Journal. 
foreshadowing (for-shad'o-ing), n. A typify- 
ing ; representation by image. 
Only foreshadowing of outward things, 
Great, and yet not the greatest, dream-lore brings 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 252. 
foreshaft (for'shaft), . Apiece of hard wood, 
bone, ivory, or the like, at the front end of an 
arrow, to give weight and to serve for the at- 
tachment of the head. Amer. Nat., July, 1886, 
f oreshamet, ' A less correct form of forshame. 
foreshape (for-shap'), v. t. ; pret. and I pp. fore- 
shaped, ppr. foreshaping. [< /ore-l + shape J 
To shape or mold beforehand; prepare in ad- 
vance. 
But let it be propounded on his part, 
Or by the seculars before the Synod, 
And we shall no foreshape the minds of men 
That by the acclaim of most, if not of all, 
It shall be hailed acceptable. , ..,, 
Sir 11. Taylor, Edwin the Fair, ill. 3. 
fore-Sheet (for'shet), . 1. Naut., the rope or 
tackle which keeps the clue of the foresail m 
place when the sail is set, or which keeps in 
place the after end of the jib-boom. 2. pi. 
The space in a boat forward of the foremost 
thwart. 
foreshew (for-sho'), v. t.; pret. foreshewed, _pp. 
foreshewn, sometimes forshewed, ppr. fore- 
shewing. See foreslimc. 
foreshewer (for-sho'er), n. Seejoreshower. 
foreship (for'ship), n. [< ME. foreschyp, < AS. 
forsein (= D. voorschip = G. vorschiff = IJan. 
forsMb = Svr.forslcepp),<for, fore before, 4 
icip, ship : see /ore-l and ship.} The fore part 
of a ship ; the bow. 
Their for-ships al to landward then to turne, and inward 
The shadows were a company in themselves ; the extent 
of the room exaggerated them to a gigantic size, and from 
the low position of the candle the light struck upwards 
and produced deformed foreshortemngs. 
R. L. Stevenson, Treasure of Franchard. 
foreshot (for'shot), . The first portion of li- 
quid that comes over in the distillation of low 
wines. It is a milky liquid abounding in fusel- 
foreshow (for-sho'), v. t.; pret. foreshowed, pp. 
foreshown, sometimes foreshowed, ppr. fore- 
showing. [Also written foreshew; < fore-] + 
show. Cf. AS. forescedwian, foresee, provide, 
= G. vorschauen, look forward or forth.] 1 
show, represent, or exhibit beforehand; fore- 
token. 
What else is the law but the gospel [foreshowed! ^^ 
His house of life being Libra; which foreshewed 
He should be a merchant, and should trade with ba aiice. 
B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1. 
foreshowt (for'sho), . [< foreshow, .] A sign 
given beforehand; a foretoken, 
foreshower (for-sho'er), n. One who foreshows 
or predicts. Also spelled foreshewer. 
Now is Daniel called to be the fore-shewer of the iuge- 
rnent [of God], neither saluting the king nor praysyng his 
jj|f t g Joye, Expos, of Daniel, v. 
foreshown. Past participle of foreshow. 
foreside (for'sld), n. [= D. vowzWe = G. vor- 
seite = Dan. forside; as /ore-l + side 1 .] 1. 
The front side. 
Now when these counterfeits were thus uncased 
Out of the fore-side of their forg^ie. ^ ^ y ... ^ 
2. Same as foreshore. [New Eng.] 
to the deepe 
foreseer (for-se'er), n. [Early mod. E. also 
foresear; < foresee + -erl.] One who foresees 
or foreknows. 
I must nedes in hart thinke and witli mouth confcsse 
and sale, that you lie a sure trend, and trustye consailour, 
a vigilent/oree<w. Hall, Rich. III., an. L. 
Among the Romans a Poet was called Vates, which is as 
much as a Wuiner, Fore-seer, or Prophet. 
Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie. 
foresendt (for-send' ), v. t. To send beforehand. 
They had let down the boat into the sea, under colour 
as though they would have cast anchors out of the fore- 
ship. 
foreshore (for'shor), n. The sloping part of a 
shore.uncoveredatlowtide; the beach; strand; 
an advanced or projecting line of shore. 
There is a widely-spread popular notion that the public 
have the right of going not merely along the foreshore but 
along the edge of the cliff, where by reason of the steep- 
ness of the coast there is >* Lan d Laws, p. 18. 
Castle Baynard, . . . which was probably built on 
open ground which may have been only recently won from 
the foreshore ot the river. 
J. B. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 438. 
foreshorten (for-sh&r'tn), v. t. In persp., to 
represent (a figure) in such a manner as to con- 
vey to the mind the impression of the entire 
length of the object, though only a part of this 
length is actually shown, as when the object is 
viewed in an oblique direction ; represent (any 
object, as an arm, a weapon, the branch of a 
tree) as pointing more or less directly toward 
the spectator standing in front of the picture, 
or as in a plane more or less nearly parallel to 
the spectator's line of sight. The projecting object 
is shortened in proportion to its approach to the perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the picture, and in consequence ap- 
pears of a just length. Often used figuratively. 
As 'tis a greater mystery in the art 
Of painting to fore-shorten any part 
Than draw it out, so 'tis in Ixjoks the chief 
Of all perfections to be plain and brief. 
S. Butler, Miscellaneous Thoughts. 
sicht); < /ore-l + sight. In defs. 3, 4, a mod- 
ern compound of the same elements. J 1. ill 
act or power of foreseeing ; prescience ; fore- 
knowledge. 
Some clerks maintain that Heaven at first foresees, 
And in the virtue of foresight decrees. 
Dryden, Cock and Fox, 1. 510. 
Dogs and foxes exhibit a well-marked anticipation of 
future events, in hiding food to be eaten hereafter. But 
it is first in the human race that such foruigU becomes 
highly conspicuous ; and the difference between civilized 
and savage men in this respect is probably even more 
marked than the difference between savage men and tl 
higher allied mammals. J. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., II. 92. 
2. Provident care; prudence in guarding 
against evil; precaution. 
Nor aw'd by Foresight, nor mis-led by Chance, 
Imperious Death directs his Ebon Lance. 
Prior, Ode to George Villiers. 
In anticipation of the heavy equatorial rains, . . . we 
had had the awnings put up : a fortunate piece of foresight, 
for before midnight the rain came down in torrents. 
Lady Brassey, Voyage of Sunbeam, I. in. 
3 In sun., a forward sight or reading of a lev- 
eling-staff ; any bearing taken by a compass for- 
ward. 4. The sight on the muzzle of a gun. 
= Syn Prevision, forecast, precaution. 
foresighted (for'sl-ted), a. Foreseeing; pre- 
scient ; provident. [Bare.] 
foresightful (for'sit-ful), a. [< foresight + -/(.] 
Prescient; provident; foreseeing. [Eare.J 
Death gave him not such pangs as the foresightful care 
he had of his silly successor. Sir P. Sulney, Arcadia, ii. 
foresignt (for'sin), n. An omen; divination. 
Florio. 
foresignify (for-sig'ni-fi), v t.; pret. and pp. 
foresignified, ppr. foresigmfymg. To signify 
beforehand; foretoken; typify; foreshow. 
Why do these [psalms] so much offend and displease 
their taste? . . . being prophetical discoveries of Chrisl 
already present, whose future coming the other psalml 
did \mtforesignify. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 40. 
Dreams . . . have no certainty, because they have no 
natural causality nor proportion to those effects which 
many times they are said to / v- 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), 1. ee^. 
foresite (fo-ra'zit), . [After G. B. Form of 
Porto Feri-ajo in Elba.] A zeohtic mineral 
